Indoor Air Quality: A Comprehensive Reference Book
Regular price
142.000 KD
inc. VAT
Couldn't load pickup availability
Table of contents
- Cover
- Contentsxxxiii
- Prefacev
- Acknowledgementsvii
- List of editors, authors and contributorsix
- Biographies of editors, authors and contributorsxi
- Introduction1
- 1. The importance of indoor air quality1
- 2. Indoor air quality: an international multidisciplinary effort1
- 3. Health risk assessment2
- 4. Nature and sources of pollutants of indoor air3
- 5. Primary causes of health problems indoors5
- 6. Indoor environmental management strategies6
- 7. Conclusions9
- Part I: Nature, Sources and Toxicity of Pollutants of Indoor Air11
- Chapter 1. Inorganic Pollutants13
- 1.1 Carbon dioxide13
- 1.2 Carbon monoxide15
- 1.3 Nitrogen dioxide19
- 1.4 Sulphur dioxide22
- 1.5 Ozone27
- Chapter 2. Organic Pollutants29
- 2.1 Introduction29
- 2.2 Volatile organic compounds33
- 2.3 Formaldehyde62
- 2.4 Pesticides69
- 2.5 Polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons79
- 2.6 Polychlorinated biphenyls84
- Chapter 3 . Physical Pollutants91
- 3.1 Particulate matter91
- 3.2 Asbestos98
- 3.3 Man-made mineral fibres104
- 3.4 Radon108
- Chapter 4. Environmental Tobacco Smoke125
- 4.1 Introduction125
- 4.2 Physico-chemical nature126
- 4.3 Typical concentrations and exposures132
- 4.4 Health effects136
- Chapter 5. Biological Agents139
- 5.1 Introduction139
- 5.2 House dust mites141
- 5.3 Dander from furred animals (pets)144
- 5.4 Fungi147
- 5.5 Bacteria155
- Part I References161
- Part II: Health Effects of Indoor Air Pollution185
- Chapter 6. General Aspects of Assessment of Human Health Effects of Indoor Air Pollution187
- 6.1 Assessment of human exposure to indoor air pollution187
- 6.2 Human susceptibility to pollutants188
- 6.3 Methods of Studying Health Effects189
- 6.4 Syndromes related to indoor air quality190
- Chapter 7. Effects of Indoor Air Pollution on the Respiratory System193
- 7.1 Respiratory health effects associated with exposure to indoor air pollution193
- 7.2 Principal agents and sources194
- 7.3 Evidence linking indoor pollution to effects on the respiratory system195
- 7.4 Susceptible groups196
- 7.5 Public health relevance197
- 7.6 Methods for assessment of effects on the respiratory system198
- Chapter 8. Allergy Associated with Indoor Air Pollution201
- 8.1 Allergic diseases associated with exposure to indoor air pollution201
- 8.2 Principal agents and sources202
- 8.3 Evidence linking indoor air pollution to allergic effects204
- 8.4 Susceptible groups204
- 8.5 Public health relevance204
- 8.6 Methods for assessment of allergic effects of indoor air pollution205
- Chapter 9. Cancer and Effects on Reproduction of Indoor Air Pollution207
- 9.1 Carcinogenic and reproductive effects associated with exposure to indoor air pollution207
- 9.2 Principal agents and sources207
- 9.3 Evidence linking indoor air pollution to cancer and effects on reproduction on humans209
- 9.4 Susceptible groups210
- 9.5 Public health relevance210
- 9.6 Methods for assessment of carcinogenic and reproductive effects212
- Chapter 10. Irritative Effects of Indoor Air Pollution on the Skin and Mucous Membranes of Eyes, Nos213
- 10.1 Irritative effects associated with indoor air pollution213
- 10.2 Principal agents and sources214
- 10.3 Evidence linking exposure to indoor air pollution to Irritative tissue changes215
- 10.4 Susceptible groups215
- 10.5 Public health relevance216
- 10.6 Methods for assessment of Irritative effects216
- Chapter 11. Sensory and other Effects on the Nervous System due to Indoor Air Pollution217
- 11.1 Sensory effects associated with indoor air pollution217
- 11.2 Mechanisms involved in sensory perception218
- 11.3 Toxic effects on the nervous system219
- 11.4 Principal agents and sources220
- 11.5 Evidence linking indoor air pollution to sensory effects and effects on the nervous system221
- 11.6 Susceptible groups222
- 11.7 Public health relevance223
- 11.8 Methods for assessment of sensory effects and neurotoxicity224
- Chapter 12. Effects of Indoor Air Pollution on the Cardiovascular System and Other Systemic Effects225
- 12.1 Cardiovascular effects associated with indoor air pollution225
- 12.2 Other systemic effects associated with indoor air pollution226
- 12.3 Principal agents and sources226
- 12.4 Evidence linking indoor air pollution to effects on the cardiovascular system227
- 12.5 Susceptible groups228
- 12.6 Public health relevance228
- 12.7 Methods for assessment of effects on the cardiovascular system and other systemic effects229
- Part II. References230
- Part III: Risk Assessment239
- Chapter 13. Risk Assessment: Hazard Identification and Dose Effect Assessment241
- 13.1 General aspects of risk assessment241
- 13.2 Hazard identification245
- 13.3 Dose–effect assessment248
- Chapter 14. Risk Assessment: Exposure Assessment267
- 14.1 Direct and indirect methods for assessment of human exposure268
- 14.2 Exposure modelling276
- Chapter 15. Risk Assessment: Risk Characterization283
- 15.1 Risk characterization framework284
- 15.2 The human exposure model288
- 15.3 Evaluating Risks to Susceptible Populations291
- 15.4 Limitations of the risk assessment methods303
- Chapter 16. Application of Risk Assessment I: Radon307
- 16.1 Introduction307
- 16.2 Exposure evaluation for risk assessment309
- 16.3 Risk estimation (a): the dosimetric approach310
- 16.4 Risk estimation (b): the miner epidemiology approach312
- 16.5 Risk estimation (c): the residential epidemiology approach314
- 16.6 Uncertainties in radon risk assessment314
- 16.7 Conclusions318
- Chapter 17. Application of Risk Assessment II: Respiratory Health Effects of Environmental Tobacco S319
- 17.1 Introduction319
- 17.2 Primary findings322
- 17.3 ETS and lung cancer323
- 17.4 ETS and non-cancer respiratory disorders329
- Chapter 18. Application of Risk Assessment III: Carpets333
- 18.1 Risks associated with the use of carpets333
- 18.2 Source characterization334
- 18.3 Toxicity and health effect analysis336
- 18.4 Exposure assessment model338
- 18.5 Risk characterization/health effect analysis345
- 18.6 Conclusions354
- Part III References356
- Part IV: Investigation, Diagnosis and Management of Illnesses and Complaints Related to Buildings367
- Chapter 19. Epidemiology of Principal Building-Related Illnesses and Complaints369
- 19.1 Introduction369
- 19.2 Definitions370
- 19.3 Epidemiological investigation of principal building-related illnesses and complaints371
- Chapter 20. Questionnaires on Exposure and Effect Assessment in Buildings387
- 20.1 Introduction387
- 20.2 The questionnaire389
- 20.3 Persons measuring instruments393
- 20.4 Reliability, validity and quality assurance394
- 20.5 Questionnaires in investigations of problem buildings395
- Chapter 21 . Diagnosis of Building-Related Illnesses and Sick Building SyndromeŽ399
- 21.1 Introduction399
- 21.2 Upper respiratory tract diseases400
- 21.3 Asthma403
- 21.4 Hypersensitivity pneumonitis (extrinsic allergic alveolitis)406
- 21.5 Humidifier fever407
- 21.6 Toxic reactions408
- 21.7 Infectious diseases409
- 21.8 Dermatitis414
- 21.9 Sick building syndromeŽ415
- 21.10 Nonspecific environmental hypersusceptibility417
- 21.11 Sensory effects and other effects on the nervous system417
- 21.12 Cancer and effects on reproduction419
- Chapter 22 . Medical Management of Building Related Illnesses421
- 22.1 Introduction421
- 22.2 Medical management policy422
- 22.3 Policy development committee422
- 22.4 The Action Plan422
- 22.5 Specific treatment425
- 22.6 Health surveillance428
- 22.7 Workplace assessment429
- 22.8 Indoor air quality429
- 22.9 Conclusions430
- Part IV References431
- Part V: Dynamics of Indoor Air Contaminants441
- Chapter 23. Indoor Air Quality Modelling443
- 23.1 Available indoor air quality models444
- 23.2 Mass balance equation444
- 23.3 Use of the mass balance equation447
- Chapter 24. Sources and Sinks in the Indoor Environment455
- 24.1 Sources of indoor air pollution and their emission rates455
- 24.2 Sinks and decay rates459
- Part V References469
- Part VI: Indoor Air Quality Investigations in Buildings471
- Chapter 25. Methodology of Building Investigation I: Data Collection and Analysis473
- 25.1 General remarks473
- 25.2 Collection of general data474
- 25.3 Collection of on-site data477
- 25.4 Engineering analysis477
- Chapter 26. Methodology of Building Investigation II: Strategies for Measurement of Indoor Air Pollu485
- 26.1 Introduction485
- 26.2 The dynamics of indoor air pollution486
- 26.3 Sampling objectives487
- 26.4 Time of sampling491
- 26.5 Duration and frequency of sampling493
- 26.6 Sampling location496
- 26.7 Active and passive sampling497
- 26.8 Air exchange rate measurement498
- 26.9 Quality assurance501
- Chapter 27. Methodology of Building Investigation III: Sampling and Analysis of IndoorAir503
- 27.1 Inorganic pollutants503
- 27.2 Organic pollutants505
- 27.3 Physical pollutants523
- 27.4 Environmental tobacco smoke540
- 27.5 Biological agents545
- Part VI References556
- Part VII: Control of Indoor Air Quality and Climate567
- Chapter 28. Building Design for Good Indoor Air Quality569
- 28.1 Introduction569
- 28.2 Project planning578
- 28.3 Site evaluation584
- 28.4 Design services and good indoor air quality596
- 28.5 The construction process628
- Chapter 29. Heating, Ventilation and air Conditioning (HVAC) Systems and Indoor Air Quality637
- 29.1 Introduction637
- 29.2 Types of HVAC systems639
- 29.3 Basic components of an HVAC system640
- 29.4 Testing, balancing and maintaining646
- Chapter 30. Building Operation and Maintenance657
- 30.1 Managing buildings for good indoor air quality657
- 30.2 Mitigating indoor air quality problems671
- Chapter 31. Specific Aspects of Indoor Air Quality and Climate Control697
- 31.1 Moisture control697
- 31.2 Soil gas control724
- 31.3 Remedial and preventive measures to reduce radon725
- 31.4 Combustion product control729
- 31.5 Air cleaning732
- 31.6 Ventilation739
- 31.7 Selection of building materials, furnishing and maintenance materials753
- 31.8 Evaluating building materials759
- 31.9 Noise control764
- 31.10 Lighting766
- Part VII References769
- Part VIII: Guidelines for Indoor Air Quality and Selected International Programmes775
- Chapter 32. Approaches to Regulating Indoor Air777
- 32.1 The need for regulations777
- 32.2 The possibilities of achieving acceptable indoor air quality778
- 32.3 The cost of regulation785
- 32.4 Conclusions786
- Chapter 33. The World Health Organization Air Quality Guidelines789
- 33.1 Criteria used in establishing guideline values789
- 33.2 Summary of the guidelines801
- Chapter 34. Air Quality Guidelines for Selected Pollutants811
- 34.1 Recommended and regulatory radon levels811
- 34.2 Guideline values for biological particles815
- 34.3 Volatile organic compounds819
- Chapter 35. Recommendations of the NATO / CCMS Pilot Study on Indoor Air Quality823
- 35.1 Introduction823
- 35.2 Activities of the pilot study824
- 35.3 Final recommendations of the pilot study834
- Chapter 36. The Nordic Committee on Building Regulations Guidelines for Indoor Climate and Air Quali843
- 36.1 Introduction843
- 36.2 Overall objectives845
- 36.3 Requirements for buildings, fittings and fixtures, furnishings and furniture, and activities in849
- 36.4 Requirements for ventilation859
- 36.5 Documentation, management, operation and maintenance873
- 36.6 Quality assurance, inspection875
- Chapter 37. Selected Indoor Air Quality Programmes and Guidelines877
- 37.1 The U.S. EPA guidelines and activities877
- 37.2 The ASHRAE standard and guidelines883
- 37.3 The residential air quality guidelines of Canada886
- 37.4 The European Union activities918
- 37.5 Guidelines for indoor air quality in Norway923
- 37.6 The indoor air quality programme of the WHO Regional Office for Europe924
- Chapter 38. Economic Implications of Indoor Air Quality and its Regulation and Control947
- 38.1 Nature of the economic effects of indoor air pollution947
- 38.2 Methodologies for valuing economic effects948
- 38.3 Estimates of economic costs and implications for business managers953
- Part VIII References962
- Appendix I. Assessment of Levels of Knowledge About IAQ973
- Appendix II. Conclusions and Recommendations of the WHO IAQ Working Groups977
- Analytical Index989
- Contributions1050
People spend most of their time indoors, and indoor air pollutants can cause both long and short term health effects. Awareness of indoor air pollution as an environmental issue, however, is relatively new. This book has been prepared to offer an up-to-date, comprehensive reference manual on indoor air quality to scientists and professionals active in this area. The intention of the book is to bring together a collection of contributions from specialists in the specific disciplines of indoor air quality, covering all points of view from various angles, from building design and building sciences, to health effects and medical diagnosis, toxicology of indoor air pollutants, and air sampling and analysis. One of the characteristics of this book is the multidisciplinary approach that integrates the expertise of medical doctors, architects, engineers, chemists, biologists, physicists and toxicologists. The resulting product is of great educational value and recommended for consultation as well as teaching purposes. The panel of conrtibuting authors includes top experts on indoor air worldwide, who have participated in international workshops and led the development of indoor air sciences over the recent years.