Industrial Waste Treatment: Contemporary Practice and Vision for the Future
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Table of contents
- Industrial Waste Treatmenta
- Copyright Paged
- Contentsvii
- Prologueix
- List of Tablesxi
- List of Figuresxv
- Industrial Environmental History1
- Introduction to Industrial Waste Treatment9
- Part A: Twentieth Century11
- Chapter 1: Theories and Practices13
- Volume Reduction13
- Classification of Wastes13
- Conservation of Wastewater14
- Changing Production to Decrease Wastes15
- Reusing Both Industrial and Municipal Effluents for Raw Water Supplies15
- Examination of Batch or Slug Discharges of Process Wastes19
- Example of Twentieth-Century Practice of Volume Reduction20
- Review Questions21
- References21
- Chapter 2: Contaminant Concentration Reduction25
- Process Changes25
- Equipment Modifications26
- Segregation of Wastes27
- Equalization of Wastes28
- By-Product Recovery29
- Proportioning Wastes31
- Monitoring Waste Streams31
- Accidental Spills31
- Example of Twentieth-Century Practice of Contaminant Concentration Reduction32
- Review Questions32
- References33
- Chapter 3: Neutralization35
- Mixing Wastes36
- Limestone Treatment for Acid Wastes37
- Lime-Slurry Treatment for Acid Wastes37
- Caustic-Soda Treatment for Acid Wastes38
- Using Waste Boiler-Flue Gas40
- Carbon Dioxide Treatment for Alkaline Wastes41
- Sulfuric Acid Treatment for Alkaline Wastes42
- Acid-Waste Utilization in Industrial Processes43
- Example of Twentieth-Century Practice of Neutralization43
- Review Questions43
- References44
- Chapter 4: Equalization and Proportioning45
- Equalization45
- Proportioning47
- Example of Twentieth-Century Practice of Equalization and Proportioning50
- Review Questions51
- References51
- Chapter 5: Removal of Suspended Solids53
- Sedimentation Theory53
- Design of Sedimentation Process Units59
- Flotation66
- Screening72
- Example of Twentieth-Century Practice of Suspended Solids Reduction74
- Review Questions75
- References76
- Suggested Reading77
- Chapter 6: Removal of Colloidal Solids79
- Characteristics of Colloids79
- Chemical Coagulation81
- Coagulation by Neutralization of Electrical Charges82
- Removal of Colloids by Adsorption85
- Example of Twentieth-Century Practice of Colloidal Solid Removal86
- Review Questions86
- References87
- Chapter 7: Removal of Inorganic Dissolved Solids89
- Evaporation89
- Dialysis91
- Ion Exchange93
- Algae95
- Reverse Osmosis97
- Miscellaneous Methods99
- Refractories99
- Example of Twentieth-Century Practice of Removal of Inorganic Dissolved Solids101
- Review Questions101
- References101
- Chapter 8: Removal of Organic Dissolved Solids105
- Lagooning106
- Activated-Sludge Treatment109
- Modified Aeration112
- Dispersed-Growth Aeration112
- Contact Stabilization114
- High-Rate Aerobic Treatment116
- Trickling Filtration117
- Spray Irrigation123
- Wet Combustion124
- Anaerobic Digestion125
- Mechanical Aeration System125
- Well Injection126
- Foam Phase Separation130
- Brush Aeration131
- Subsurface Disposal132
- The Bio-Disc System133
- Collection and Reclamation (Scavenging)140
- Chemical Oxidation of Organic Matter141
- Miscellaneous142
- Example of Twentieth-Century Practice of Organic Dissolved Solid Removal144
- Review Questions144
- References145
- Chapter 9:Treatment and Disposal of Sludge Solids149
- Anaerobic and Aerobic Digestion149
- Vacuum Filtration153
- Elutriation154
- Drying Beds157
- Sludge Lagooning159
- Wet Combustion Process159
- Atomized Suspension161
- Drying and Incineration162
- Centrifuging165
- Sludge Barging168
- Sanitary Landfill168
- Transporting to Approved Landfills169
- Miscellaneous Methods169
- Example of Twentieth-Century Practice of Sludge Removal171
- Review Questions172
- References172
- Chapter 10: Joint Treatment of Raw Industrial Waste with Domestic Sewage175
- Introduction175
- Case History of Project for Joint Disposal of Untreated Industrial Wastes and Domestic Sewage196
- Review Questions243
- References243
- Introduction243
- Case History244
- Chapter 11: Hazardous Wastes245
- Definitions245
- Dangers247
- Scope of Problems and Costs of Solutions248
- Effects on Environment250
- Philosophies of Solutions250
- Varied Types of Industrial Hazardous Wastes251
- Special Treatments for Hazardous Wastes275
- Recovery and Reuse298
- Legal Aspects of Industrial Hazardous Wastes317
- Industrial Insurance344
- Illegal Dumping346
- Storage of Hazardous Industrial Wastes346
- Transportation and Spill Prevention of Industrial Hazardous Wastes348
- Example of Twentieth-Century Hazardous Waste Treatment349
- References350
- Chapter 12: Removal of Industrial Air Contaminants355
- Theories and Practices of Suspended Particle Removal355
- Example of Twentieth-Century Air Contaminant Removal358
- Major Industrial Wastes358
- Industrial Wastes Detailed in Nemerow and Agardy (1998)359
- References360
- Part B: Twenty-First Century361
- Foreword to the Twenty-First Century
- Preface to the Twenty-First Century
- Chapter 13: Prologue to the Twenty-First Century363
- Technical363
- Economical364
- Legal364
- Managerial364
- Conditions for Rejection364
- Methods of Industrial Waste Reuse365
- The Ultimate for Industrial Waste Reuse: EBIC366
- References367
- Chapter 14: Rationale of Environmentally Balanced Industrial Complexes369
- References371
- Chapter 15: Procedure for Industry in Attaining Zero Pollution373
- Planning for an EBIC373
- Realistic Implementation of the EBIC System377
- Chapter 16: Economic Justification for Industrial Complexes379
- Section One379
- Rationale for EBics380
- Case Study of Economic Proof of Industrial Complexes382
- Section Two382
- Fertilizer and Cement Plants: EBIC382
- Marketing Unused Waste Resources393
- Alternative Energy Sources to Reduce Resource Depletion, Costs, and Environmental Impacts396
- References403
- Chapter 17: Realistic Industrial Complexes405
- Fertilizer–Cement Complex405
- Two-Tannery Complex412
- Sugarcane Complexes418
- Acknowledgments429
- Textile Mill Complex429
- Pulp and Paper Mill Complex432
- References440
- Chapter 18: Potential Industrial Complexes443
- Introduction443
- A. Wood–Paper Mill Complex444
- B. Steel Mill–Coke and Gas–Fertilizer Plants Complex446
- C. Finished Metals–Plastic Plant Complex448
- D. Organic Chemical–Wood Processing Plant Complex449
- E. Biomass Power Plant–Municipal–Forestry–Agriculture Complex452
- F. Steel Mill–Fertilizer–Cement Complex453
- G. Fossil-Fueled Power Plant Complexes454
- H. Plastic Industry Complexes461
- I. Cement–Lime–Power Plant Complexes466
- J. Wood (Lumber) Mill Complexes470
- K. Power Plant–Agriculture Complexes472
- L. Cannery–Agriculture Complexes473
- M. Nuclear Power Plant–Glass Block Complexes475
- N. Animal Feedlot–Plant Food Complexes477
- O. Coke (Steel Mill)–Tar–Benzol Plants Complex479
- P. Wood–Ethanol Complex481
- Q. Water, Electricity, Chlorine, and Lye Plant Complex482
- R. Aluminum, Electricity, Red Brick Plant Complex483
- S. Corn Growing and Processing–Alcohol Producing Complex485
- T. Restaurant–Paint Manufacturing Complex487
- U. Offshore Oil Drilling –Seashore Recreation Industrial Complex488
- V. Metals Plants–Dry-Cleaning Coffee-Decaffeination–Plants Complex490
- W. Electrical Storing and/or Converting Voltage–Wax Manufacturing Complex492
- X. Nuclear Power Plant Waste Processing–Cannery Complex493
- Y. Electric Power–Drinking Water Plant Complex496
- Z. Vegetable Pickling Cannery–Inorganic Chemical and Chlorine Plant Complex497
- AA. Sugar–Ethanol–Gasoline Plants Complex499
- BB. Reclaimed Cell Phones–Cement Plant–Concrete Products Complex500
- CC. Sugarcane–Fuel Briquet Industrial Complex503
- DD. Hog Production–Animal Feed–Energy Production Environmental Complex503
- EE. Seawater Desalination Plant–Boric Acid (Borax) Plant Complex505
- FF. Cow Feedlot–Power Plant–Fertilizer Complex506
- GG. Reused Plastic Waste–Consumer Products Complex508
- HH. Lumber–Textile–Corn Growing–Alcohol Producing Industrial Complex509
- References511
- Chapter 19: Potential Municipal–Industrial Complexes515
- Introduction515
- Municipal Solid Wastes–Industrial Complexes515
- Municipal Wastewater–Industrial Complex517
- The Ultimate Natural Resource Conservation and Resource Preservation Plant519
- Byproduct Synergy522
- The Industrial Ecosystem Development Project (International Institute for Sustainable Development, 2522
- References526
- Chapter 20: Naturally Evolving Industrial Complexes527
- References530
- Chapter 21: Benefit-Related Expenditures for Industrial Waste Treatment531
- Primary Benefits532
- Secondary Benefits532
- Intangible Benefits532
- Quantification of Benefits533
- Relationship of Treatment Costs to Benefits to Arrive at Unit Charge for Resources535
- Purpose of Quantified Benefits537
- How to Determine Whether an Industrial Plant Can Afford Waste Treatment538
- Compromise on Practical and Feasible Method of Determining Industrial Firms Capability to Provide Wa540
- References543
- Chapter 22: Summary545
- Critique of the Subject of Environmentally Balanced Industrial Complexes546
- Critique546
- Index549
Taking the reader through the history of industrial waste treatment and directing them toward a new path of best practice, this book illustrates how current treatment techniques are affected by regulatory and economic constraints, scientific knowledge and tolerances. This book provides the reader with the basis for a more effective method of waste treatment which is sustainable and supportive of industrial improvements. Overall, it provides valuable information for planners, industrial, civil and environmental engineers and government officials for a better understanding of current practices and regulatory history and how these factors relate to the ability to complete environmental solutions to industrial waste problems.
* Provides environmental history from a professional/technical point-of-view as a basis for total solutions engineering
* Includes sustainable practice necessary for the 21st Century
* Thoroughly explores industry and environmental regulations over the past 150 years
* Provides environmental history from a professional/technical point-of-view as a basis for total solutions engineering
* Includes sustainable practice necessary for the 21st Century
* Thoroughly explores industry and environmental regulations over the past 150 years