Insect Immunology
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Table of contents
- Cover
- CONTENTSV
- PREFACEVII
- ACKNOWLEDGMENTSXI
- CHAPTER 1 INSECT AND VERTEBRATE IMMUNITY: KEY SIMILARITIES VERSUS DIFFERENCES1
- 1.1 INTRODUCTION2
- 1.2 SIMILARITIES3
- 1.3 DIFFERENCES16
- REFERENCES18
- CHAPTER 2 INSECT HEMOCYTES AND THEIR ROLE IN IMMUNITY25
- 2.1 INTRODUCTION26
- 2.2 HEMOCYTE TYPES27
- 2.3 HEMATOPOIESIS30
- 2.4 HEMOCYTE-MEDIATED DEFENSE RESPONSES33
- 2.5 RECEPTORS AND SIGNALING PATHWAYS MEDIATING HEMOCYTE FUNCTION35
- 2.6 HEMOCYTE-ASSOCIATED EFFECTOR RESPONSES38
- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS40
- REFERENCES40
- CHAPTER 3 EICOSANOID ACTIONS IN INSECT IMMUNOLOGY49
- 3.1 INTRODUCTION50
- 3.2 EICOSANOIDS ACT IN BACTERIAL CLEARANCE AND NODULE FORMATION REACTIONS53
- 3.3 THE BIOCHEMISTRY OF EICOSANOIDS IN INSECT IMMUNE TISSUES56
- 3.4 EICOSANOIDS ACT IN IN VITRO HEMOCYTE PREPARATIONS58
- 3.5 EICOSANOIDS IN HEMOCYTE SPREADING AND MIGRATION59
- 3.6 A FRONTIER: EICOSANOIDS IN INSECT–VIRAL INTERACTIONS61
- 3.7 ANOTHER FRONTIER: PROSTAGLANDIN MODES OF ACTION63
- CONCLUSIONS64
- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS64
- REFERENCES64
- CHAPTER 4 PHENOLOXIDASES IN INSECT IMMUNITY69
- 4.1 INTRODUCTION70
- 4.2 PROPO SEQUENCES, TISSUE SOURCE, AND LOCATION73
- 4.3 PROPO ZYMOGEN ACTIVATION74
- 4.4 ENZYMATIC ACTIVITY OF INSECT HEMOLYMPH PHENOLOXIDASES77
- 4.5 REGULATION OF PO ACTIVITY81
- 4.6 CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE PROSPECTS84
- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS85
- REFERENCES85
- CHAPTER 5 EVIDENCE FOR SPECIFICITY AND MEMORY IN THE INSECT INNATE IMMUNE RESPONSE97
- 5.1 INTRODUCTION98
- 5.2 BACKGROUND ON INSECT IMMUNITY99
- 5.3 ADAPTIVE ASPECTS OF INSECT INNATE IMMUNITY104
- 5.4 POTENTIAL MECHANISMS UNDERLYING SPECIFICITY120
- 5.5 CONCLUDING REMARKS123
- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS123
- REFERENCES124
- CHAPTER 6 BIDIRECTIONAL CONNECTIONS BETWEEN THE IMMUNE SYSTEM AND THE NERVOUS SYSTEM IN INSECTS129
- 6.1 INTRODUCTION130
- 6.2 EVIDENCE THAT THE IMMUNE SYSTEM CAN INFLUENCE NERVOUS SYSTEM FUNCTION131
- 6.3 EVIDENCE FOR NEURAL INFLUENCES ON IMMUNE FUNCTION137
- 6.4 WHAT ARE THE POSSIBLE CHEMICAL SIGNALS BETWEEN THE IMMUNE AND NERVOUS SYSTEMS?140
- 6.5 CONCLUSIONS143
- REFERENCES144
- CHAPTER 7 BLOODFEEDING AS AN INTERFACE OF MAMMALIAN AND ARTHROPOD IMMUNITY151
- 7.1 INTRODUCTION153
- 7.2 CYTOKINES AND GROWTH FACTORS153
- 7.3 ANTIBODIES AND COMPLEMENT158
- 7.4 LEUKOCYTES, REACTIVE OXYGEN SPECIES AND NITRIC OXIDE161
- 7.5 ENZYMES163
- 7.6 HEMOGLOBIN FRAGMENTS164
- 7.7 PLASMODIUM-ASSOCIATED MOLECULES165
- 7.8 SUMMARY: THE NEED FOR A SYSTEMS BIOLOGY APPROACH169
- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS171
- REFERENCES171
- CHAPTER 8 MOSQUITO IMMUNITY TO THE MALARIA PARASITE181
- 8.1 INTRODUCTION182
- 8.2 THE MOSQUITO IMMUNE RESPONSE: AN INTEGRATED OVERVIEW183
- 8.3 PATTERN RECOGNITION RECEPTORS184
- 8.4 SIGNAL AMPLIFICATION CASCADES186
- 8.5 IMMUNE SIGNALING PATHWAYS187
- 8.6 EFFECTOR GENES189
- 8.7 NITRIC OXIDE190
- 8.8 MELANOTIC ENCAPSULATION191
- 8.9 SPOROZOITE-DIRECTED DEFENSES194
- 8.10 TRANSCRIPTIONAL IMMUNE RESPONSES TO PLASMODIUM195
- 8.11 BASAL IMMUNITY AND ANTI-PLASMODIUM DEFENSE197
- 8.12 GENETIC VARIATION IN MOSQUITO SUSCEPTIBILITY TO MALARIA199
- 8.13 CONCLUSION201
- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS202
- REFERENCES202
- CHAPTER 9 INSECT IMMUNITY TO VIRUSES209
- 9.1 INTRODUCTION211
- 9.2 GENETIC RESISTANCE TO VIRUSES213
- 9.3 PHYSICAL AND PHYSIOLOGICAL BARRIERS TO VIRUS INFECTION214
- 9.4 CELLULAR IMMUNITY223
- 9.5 SUBCELLULAR INHIBITION225
- 9.6 HUMORAL IMMUNITY229
- 9.7 DEVELOPMENTAL RESISTANCE233
- 9.8 DISCUSSION233
- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS234
- REFERENCES234
- CHAPTER 10 PARASITOID POLYDNAVIRUSES AND INSECT IMMUNITY243
- 10.1 INTRODUCTION TO POLYDNAVIRUS BIOLOGY244
- 10.2 PDVs AS DOWN-REGULATORS OF HOST IMMUNITY250
- 10.3 INSIGHTS FROM PDV GENOME BIOLOGY259
- 10.4 PDVs AS REGULATORS OF HOST GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT261
- 10.5 THE FUTURE OF POLYDNAVIROLOGY: IMPLEMENTATION IN AGRICULTURE, PEST MANAGEMENT, AND BIOTECHNOLOG263
- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS264
- REFERENCES265
- CHAPTER 11 INSECT IMMUNE RECOGNITION AND SUPPRESSION271
- 11.1 RECOGNITION OF INSECT PARASITOIDS BY INSECT HOSTS272
- 11.2 CELL-FREE DEFENSE REACTIONS277
- 11.3 CELLULAR DEFENSE REACTIONS280
- 11.4 CELLULAR IMMUNE SUPPRESSION285
- 11.5 CONCLUSIONS288
- REFERENCES289
- CHAPTER 12 RNAi AND THE INSECT IMMUNE SYSTEM295
- 12.1 INTRODUCTION297
- 12.2 THE PHENOMENON OF RNAi298
- 12.3 THE EVOLUTIONARY RATIONALE OF RNAi299
- 12.4 DICING AND SLICING: THE CELLULAR MACHINERY OF RNAi301
- 12.5 UPTAKE OF dsRNA INTO TARGET CELLS303
- 12.6 RNAi BY FEEDING305
- 12.7 AMPLIFICATION OF dsRNA305
- 12.8 SPREAD OF RNAi WITHIN THE ORGANISM306
- 12.9 STAGE AND TISSUE SPECIFICITY OF RNAi306
- 12.10 DIFFERENTIAL SUSCEPTIBILITY OF GENES TO RNAi308
- 12.11 TRANSGENERATIONAL RNAi309
- 12.12 RNA HAIRPINS AS EXPERIMENTAL TOOLS TO INVESTIGATE THE INSECT IMMUNE SYSTEM309
- 12.13 VIRAL RNAi DELIVERY SYSTEMS311
- 12.14 RNAi SCREENS312
- 12.15 SYSTEMIC RNAi AS AN EXPERIMENTAL TOOL TO INVESTIGATE THE INSECT IMMUNE SYSTEM313
- 12.16 NON-SPECIFIC IMMUNE EFFECTS OF dsRNAs321
- 12.17 ESSENTIAL CONTROLS324
- 12.18 CONCLUSION324
- REFERENCES324
- CHAPTER 13 EPILOGUE: PATHWAYS INTO THE FUTURE OF INSECT IMMUNOLOGY331
- INDEX337
This work is the first book-length publication on the topic of insect immunology since 1991, complementing earlier works by offering a fresh perspective on current research. Interactions of host immune systems with both parasites and pathogens are presented in detail, as well as the genomics and proteomics, approaches which have been lacking in other publications. Beckage provides comprehensive coverage of topics important to medical researchers, including Drosophila as a model for studying cellular and humoral immune mechanisms, biochemical mediators of immunity, and insect blood cells and their functions.
* Encompasses the most important topics of insect immunology including mechanisms, genes, proteins, evolution and phylogeny
* Provides comprehensive coverage of topics important to medical researchers including Drosophila as a model for studying cellular and humoral immune mechanisms, biochemical mediators of immunity, and insect blood cells and their functions
* Most up-to-date information published with contributions from international leaders in the field
* Encompasses the most important topics of insect immunology including mechanisms, genes, proteins, evolution and phylogeny
* Provides comprehensive coverage of topics important to medical researchers including Drosophila as a model for studying cellular and humoral immune mechanisms, biochemical mediators of immunity, and insect blood cells and their functions
* Most up-to-date information published with contributions from international leaders in the field