Elsevier S & T

Insect Molecular Genetics: An Introduction to Principles and Applications

Hoy, Marjorie A.

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Table of contents
  • CONTENTSv
  • Preface to the Second Editionxvii
  • Preface to the First Editionxix
  • Part I: Genes and Gemome Organization in Eukaryotes1
  • Chapter 1. DNA, Gene Structure, and DNA Replication3
  • 1.1. Overview4
  • 1.2. Introduction to the Central Dogma4
  • 1.3. The RNA WorldŽ Came First?5
  • 1.4. The Molecular Structure of DNA6
  • 1.5. The Molecular Structure of RNA6
  • 1.6. The Double Helix7
  • 1.7. Complementary Base Pairing Is Fundamental8
  • 1.8. DNA Exists in Several Forms10
  • 1.9. Genes11
  • 1.10. The Genetic Code Is a Triplet and Is Degenerate12
  • 1.11. Gene Organization13
  • 1.12. Efficient DNA Replication Is Essential15
  • 1.13. DNA Replication Is Semiconservative15
  • 1.14. Replication Begins at Replication Origins16
  • 1.15. Replication Occurs Only in the 5' to 3' Direction17
  • 1.16. Replication of DNA Requires an RNA Primer18
  • 1.17. Ligation of Replicated DNA Fragments18
  • 1.18. DNA Replication in Eukaryotes19
  • 1.19. Telomeres at the End: A Solution to the Loss of DNA during Replication21
  • 1.20. DNA Replication Fidelity and DNA Repair22
  • 1.21. Mutations in the Genome22
  • 1.22. Common Conventions in Genetic Terminology24
  • 1.23. Independent Assortment and Recombination During Sexual Reproduction25
  • General References26
  • References Cited26
  • Chapter 2. Transcription, Translation, and Regulation of Eukaryotic DNA28
  • 2.1. Overview29
  • 2.2. Introduction29
  • 2.3. RNA Synthesis Is Gene Transcription30
  • 2.4. Transcription Involves Binding, Initiation, Elongation, and Termination32
  • 2.5. RNA Transcripts Are Longer Than the Protein-Coding Gene33
  • 2.6. RNA of Protein-Coding Genes Must Be Modified and Processed in Eukaryotes33
  • 2.7. Splicing Out the Introns35
  • 2.8. Translation Involves Protein Synthesis35
  • 2.9. mRNA Surveillance: Damage Control39
  • 2.10. Import and Export from the Nucleus39
  • 2.11. Transport of Proteins within the Cytoplasm40
  • 2.12. mRNA Stability41
  • 2.13. Chaperones and the Proteosome41
  • 2.14. RNA Silencing or Interference42
  • 2.15. Gene Regulation in Eukaryotes42
  • 2.16. Insulators and Boundaries45
  • 2.17. Chromosome or Gene Imprinting by Methylation in Insects?46
  • 2.18. Eukaryotic Genomes and Evolution47
  • General References47
  • References Cited48
  • Chapter 3. Nuclear and Extranuclear DNA in Insects50
  • 3.1. Overview50
  • 3.2. Introduction51
  • 3.3. C Value Paradox52
  • 3.4. Repetitive DNA Is Common in Insects53
  • 3.5. Composition of Insect DNA54
  • 3.6. Chromosomes Are DNA plus Proteins54
  • 3.7. Packaging Long, Thin DNA Molecules into Tiny Spaces55
  • 3.8. Structure of the Nucleus55
  • 3.9. Euchromatin and Heterochromatin57
  • 3.10. Centromeres58
  • 3.11. Telomeres59
  • 3.12. Chromosomes during Mitosis and Meiosis60
  • 3.13. Chromosome Damage65
  • 3.14. Polyteny66
  • 3.15. Chromosomal Puffing67
  • 3.16. B Chromosomes68
  • 3.17. Sex Chromosomes68
  • 3.18. Extranuclear Inheritance in Mitochondrial Genes69
  • 3.19. Transposable Elements Are Ubiquitous Agents That Alter Genomes72
  • References Cited72
  • Chapter 4. Genetic Systems, Genome Evolution, and Genetic Control of Embryonic Development in Insect76
  • 4.1. Overview77
  • 4.2. Introduction78
  • 4.3. Genetic Systems in Insects78
  • 4.4. Endopolyploidy Is Common in Somatic Tissues of Arthropods79
  • 4.5. Genetics of Insects Other Than D. melanogaster79
  • 4.6. Dynamic Insect Genomes80
  • 4.7. B Chromosomes81
  • 4.8. Unique-Sequence DNA in the Nucleus81
  • 4.9. Middle-Repetitive DNA in the Nucleus82
  • 4.10. Highly Repetitive DNA89
  • 4.11. Producing Large Amounts of Protein in a Short Time: Gene Amplification and Gene Duplication90
  • 4.12. Multiple Genomes in Insects: What Is the Biological Individual?Ž93
  • 4.13. Insect Development103
  • 4.14. Dissecting Development with D. melanogaster Mutants107
  • 4.15. Interactions during Development113
  • 4.16. Similarities and Differences in Development in Other Insects114
  • 4.17. Evo-Devo and the Revolution in Developmental Studies114
  • References Cited117
  • Some Relevant Web Sites126
  • Part II: Molecular Genetic Techniques127
  • Chapter 5. Some Basic Tools: How to Cut, Paste, Copy, Measure, and Visualize DNA129
  • 5.1. Overview130
  • 5.2. Introduction to a Simple Experiment130
  • 5.3. Extracting DNA132
  • 5.4. Precipitating Nucleic Acids133
  • 5.5. Shearing DNA134
  • 5.6. Cutting DNA with Restriction Endonucleases134
  • 5.7. Joining DNA Molecules136
  • 5.8. Growth, Maintenance, and Storage of E. coli137
  • 5.9. Plasmids for Cloning in E. coli138
  • 5.10. Transforming E. coli with Plasmids141
  • 5.11. Purifying Plasmid DNA from E. coli142
  • 5.12. Electrophoresis in Agarose and Acrylamide Gels144
  • 5.13. Detecting, Viewing, and Photographing Nucleic Acids in Gels146
  • 5.14. Identifying DNA by Southern Blot Analysis146
  • 5.15. Labeling DNA or RNA Probes148
  • 5.16. Removing DNA from Agarose Gels after Electrophoresis149
  • 5.17. Restriction Site Mapping150
  • General References151
  • References Cited152
  • Some Relevant Web Sites152
  • Chapter 6. Cloning and Expression Vectors, Libraries, and Their Screening153
  • 6.1. Overview154
  • 6.2. Introduction154
  • 6.3. The Perfect Genomic Library156
  • 6.4. cDNA Cloning167
  • 6.5. Enzymes Used in Cloning168
  • 6.6. Isolating a Specific Gene from a Library170
  • 6.7. Labeling Probes by a Variety of Methods173
  • 6.8. Baculovirus Vectors for Expressing Foreign Polypeptides in Insect Cells175
  • General References176
  • Some Relevant Web Sites177
  • Chapter 7. DNA Sequencing and the Evolution of the -OmicsŽ178
  • 7.1. Overview179
  • 7.2. Introduction179
  • 7.3. The Dideoxy or Chain-Terminating Method180
  • 7.4. Variations on Dideoxy Sequencing Methods183
  • 7.5. DNA Sequences Can Be Analyzed on Polyacrylamide Gels184
  • 7.6. Sequencing Reactions Require a Primer186
  • 7.7. The Maxam and Gilbert Sequencing Method186
  • 7.8. Shotgun Strategies for Genomes187
  • 7.9. Sequencing DNA by the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)188
  • 7.10. Automated DNA Sequencers189
  • 7.11. Analyzing DNA Sequence Data189
  • 7.12. DNA Sequence Data Banks191
  • 7.13. A Brief History of the Drosophila Genome Project191
  • 7.14. Bioinformatics194
  • 7.15. Genome Analyses of Other Arthropods195
  • 7.16. TEs as Agents of Genome Evolution195
  • 7.17. DNA Microarrays, Gene Chips, and a Laboratory-on-a-Chip196
  • 7.18. Proteomics: Another -OmicŽ198
  • 7.19. Functional Genomics199
  • 7.20. Structural Genomics: Another New Horizon?199
  • 7.21. Comparative Genomics200
  • 7.22. The Post-Genomic Era: Reductionism Gives Way to Emergent Properties?200
  • Reference Cited201
  • Some Relevant Web Sites205
  • Chapter 8. DNA Amplification by the Polymerase Chain Reaction: Molecular Biology Made Accessible206
  • 8.1. Overview207
  • 8.2. Introduction208
  • 8.3. The Basic Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)209
  • 8.4. Some Modifications of the PCR223
  • 8.5. Some Research Applications235
  • 8.6. Concluding Remarks246
  • References Cited246
  • Chapter 9. Transposable-Element Vectors to Transform Drosophila and Other Insects254
  • 9.1. Overview255
  • 9.2. Introduction255
  • 9.3. P Elements and Hybrid Dysgenesis256
  • 9.4. P-Element Structure Varies257
  • 9.5. Transposition Method of P Elements258
  • 9.6. Origin of P Elements in D. melanogaster258
  • 9.7. P Vectors and Germ-Line Transformation260
  • 9.8. Using P-Element Vectors264
  • 9.9. Transformation of Other Insects with P Vectors266
  • 9.10. Evolution of Resistance to P Elements267
  • 9.11. Using P to Drive Genes into Populations268
  • 9.12. Relationship of P to Other Transposable Elements268
  • 9.13. Other TEs Can Transform D. melanogaster268
  • 9.14. Improved Transformation Tools for Drosophila269
  • 9.15. TE Vectors to Transform Insects Other Than Drosophila270
  • 9.16. Cross Mobilization of TE Vectors272
  • 9.17. Conversion of Inactive TE Vectors to Activity273
  • 9.18. Suppression of Transgene Expression273
  • 9.19. Other Transformation Methods273
  • General References274
  • References Cited274
  • Part III: Applications in Elntomology281
  • Chapter 10. Sex Determination in Insects283
  • 10.1. Overview284
  • 10.2. Introduction284
  • 10.3. Costs and Benefits of Sexual Reproduction285
  • 10.4. Sex Determination Involves Soma and Germ-Line Tissues286
  • 10.5. Sex Determination in Drosophila melanogaster287
  • 10.6. Are Sex Determination Mechanisms Diverse?293
  • 10.7. A Single Model?297
  • 10.8. Meiotic Drive Can Distort Sex Ratios299
  • 10.9. Hybrid Sterility300
  • 10.10. Medea in Tribolium300
  • 10.11. Cytoplasmic Agents Distort Normal Sex Ratios301
  • 10.12. A Mite Consisting Only of Haploid Females304
  • 10.13. Paternal Sex Ratio Chromosomes and Cytoplasmic Incompatibility in Nasonia304
  • 10.14. Male Killing in Coccinellidae305
  • 10.15. Sex and the Sorted Insects305
  • References Cited308
  • Some Relevant Web Sites314
  • Chapter 11. Molecular Genetics of Insect Behavior315
  • 11.1. Overview315
  • 11.2. Introduction316
  • 11.3. The Insect Nervous System318
  • 11.4. Traditional Genetic Analyses of Behavior319
  • 11.5. Molecular Genetic Analyses of Insect Behavior325
  • 11.6. Human Neurodegenerative Diseases and Addictions in Drosophila341
  • References Cited343
  • Chapter 12. Molecular Systematics and Evolution of Arthropods350
  • 12.1. Overview351
  • 12.2. Introduction351
  • 12.3. Controversies in Molecular Systematics and Evolution353
  • 12.4. Molecular Methods for Molecular Systematics and Evolution357
  • 12.5. Targets of DNA Analysis363
  • 12.6. Steps in Phylogenetic Analysis of DNA Sequence Data369
  • 12.7. The Universal Tree of Life380
  • 12.8. The Fossil Record of Arthropods383
  • 12.9. Molecular Analyses of Arthropod Phylogeny385
  • 12.10. Molecular Evolution and Speciation388
  • Some Relevant Journals392
  • Reference Cited392
  • Some Relevant Web Sites398
  • Chapter 13. Insect Population Ecology and Molecular Genetics400
  • 13.1. Overview401
  • 13.2. Introduction401
  • 13.3. What Is Molecular Ecology?402
  • 13.4. Collecting Arthropods in the Field for Analysis403
  • 13.5. Molecular Ecological Methods403
  • 13.6. Analysis of Molecular Data414
  • 13.7. Case Studies in Molecular Ecology and Population Biology417
  • 13.8. Transgenic Organisms and Evolutionary Ecology?433
  • 13.9. Applied Pest Management434
  • 13.10. Relevant Journals434
  • References Cited435
  • Some Relevant Web Sites441
  • Chapter 14. Transgenic Pest and Beneficial Insects for Pest Management Programs442
  • 14.1. Overview443
  • 14.2. Introduction444
  • 14.3. Why Genetically Modify Insects?444
  • 14.4. Why Use Transgenic Methods?445
  • 14.5. What Is Involved in a Project Using Recombinant DNA Methods?448
  • 14.6. What Germ-Line Transformation Methods Are Available?450
  • 14.7. Current and Potential Methods to Deliver Foreign DNA into Arthropod Tissues458
  • 14.8. What Genes Are Available to Insert?458
  • 14.9. Why Are Regulatory Signals Important?465
  • 14.10. How Are Transformed Insects Identified?466
  • 14.11. How to Deploy Transgenic Pest and Beneficial Arthropods467
  • 14.12. Could Gene Silencing Reduce Program Effectiveness?469
  • 14.13. Potential Risks Associated with Releasing Transgenic Arthropods469
  • 14.14. Permanent Releases of Transgenic Arthropods into the Environment473
  • 14.15. Conclusions474
  • References Cited477
  • Some Relevant Web Sites490
  • Glossary491
  • Index523
Book details
  • Vendor Elsevier S & T
  • SKU 9780123570314
  • ISBN-13 9780080489049
  • Author Hoy, Marjorie A.
  • Edition 2nd
  • Category Science
  • Subject Entomology

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Description eBook delivery & access Reviews
Insect Molecular Genetics, 2nd edition, is a succinct book that briefly introduces graduate and undergraduate students to molecular genetics and the techniques used in this well established and important discipline. The book is written for two converging audiences: those familiar with insects that need to learn about molecular genetics, and those that are familiar with molecular genetics but not familiar with insects. Thus, this book is intended to fill the gap between two audiences that share a common middle ground.

* Up-to-date references to important review articles, websites, and seminal citations in the disciplines
* Well crafted and instructive illustrations integral to explaining the techniques of molecular genetics
* Glossary of terms to help beginners learn the vocabulary of molecular biology