International Review Of Cytology: A Survey of Cell Biology
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Table of contents
- A Survey of Cell Biologyiii
- Copyright Pageiv
- Contentsv
- Contributorsix
- Chapter 1: Role of CCN2/CTGF/Hcs24 in Bone Growth1
- I. Introduction2
- II. The CCN Family2
- A. General Structure and Terminology2
- B. Members of the CCN Family4
- III. CCN2: A Multiple Regulator of Mesenchymal Tissue Development8
- A. Distribution in Normal Tissues8
- B. Physiological Roles in Connective Tissues9
- C. Involvement in Wound Healing10
- D. CCN2 and Fibrotic Disorders: A Pathological Role10
- E. Malignant Phenotypes and CCN2 in Tumors11
- IV. CCN2 and Bone Cell Biology12
- A. Structure and Evolution of Bone and CCN212
- B. Roles of CCN2 in Bone Cell Biology15
- C. Regulation of ccn2 Gene Expression23
- D. Utility of CCN2 in Regenerative Therapy of Bone28
- V. Concluding Remarks30
- Acknowledgments31
- References31
- Chapter 2: Action Potential in Charophytes43
- I. Introduction43
- A. Defining Features of the Action Potential43
- B. Why Is the Study of Charophyte AP Important49
- II. Historical Background (Up to Late 1990s)49
- A. Experimental Techniques49
- B. The Stimulus53
- C. Coupling to Streaming Stoppage54
- D. Resolving Responses at Plasmalemma and Tonoplast55
- E. Resolving Individual Transporters57
- F. Manipulating Inside and Outside Media63
- G. Effect of Temperature67
- H. Signal Propagation67
- I. Capacitance at the Time of Excitation68
- J. Early Models68
- III. New Approaches in the New Century71
- A. IP3 (Inositol 1,4,5, -triphosphate) and Ca2+ from Internal Stores71
- B. Involvement of AP in Wound Signaling73
- C. AP and Turgor Regulation73
- IV. Summary74
- Acknowledgments76
- References76
- Chapter 3: Similarity of the Domain Structure of Proteins as a Basis for the Conservation of Meiosis83
- I. Introduction84
- II. Homomorphism of Cytological Features of Meiosis86
- III. Functional Analogy of Morphogenetic Proteins in Meiosis89
- A. Ultrastructure of Synaptonemal Complexes90
- B. Proteins of the SC Central Space93
- C. Proteins of SC Lateral Elements105
- D. Evolutionary Mystery of SC Proteins108
- IV. Recombination Enzymes109
- A. Recombination Nodules as Compartments for Recombination Enzymes109
- B. RecA-Rad51 Protein Family111
- V. Proteins of the SMC Family114
- A. SMC and Cohesin Proteins in Meiosis116
- B. Protein Shugoshin Ensures Sister Chromatid Nondisjunction in Meiosis I121
- VI. Importance of Secondary Protein Structure for Ultrastructure Morphogenesis122
- A. Kinetochore Proteins123
- B. Connexins and Innexins (Pannexins)124
- C. Nuclear Pore Proteins126
- VII. Conclusion: Organelle Morphology as Dependent on the Protein Structure130
- References132
- Chapter 4: Fibroblast Differentiation in Wound Healing and Fibrosis143
- I. Introduction144
- II. Inflammation and Wound Healing144
- A. Inflammation144
- B. Wound Healing145
- C. Healing versus Scarring147
- D. Distinction Between Healing and Scarring147
- E. Cellular Basis of Healing and Scarring148
- III. Fibroblasts and Myofibroblasts148
- A. Fibroblasts148
- B. Myofibroblasts149
- C. Origin of the Fibroblast154
- D. Origin of the Myofibroblast156
- IV. Fibrogenic Mediators157
- A. Fibrogenic Mediators157
- B. Signal Transduction in Fibroblasts160
- C. Fibroblast Responses162
- V. Regulation of Fibrogenesis166
- A. Resolution or Progression166
- B. Remodeling168
- C. Therapies Aimed at Downregulating Fibroblast Function169
- VI. Concluding Remarks170
- References170
- Chapter 5: Tumor Hypoxia and Targeted Gene Therapy181
- I. Introduction181
- A. Tumor Hypoxia181
- B. Cellular Signaling in Response to Hypoxia182
- II. Hypoxia-Targeted Gene Therapy184
- A. Therapeutic Modification of the Hypoxic Signaling185
- B. Hypoxia-Regulated Therapeutic Gene Expression188
- C. Hypoxia-Targeted Gene Therapy Vectors189
- III. Combination of Hypoxia Gene Therapy with Conventional Treatments196
- A. Hypoxia Gene Therapy and Radiotherapy196
- B. Hypoxia Gene Therapy and Chemotherapy199
- IV. Concluding Remarks201
- References201
- Chapter 6: Cellular Basis of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in Horses213
- I. Introduction214
- II. Morpho-Functional Features of Horse Lungs216
- A. Morphology216
- B. Physiology219
- III. Cytological Features of Equine Lungs221
- IV. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) in Horses223
- A. Etiology and Pathogenesis223
- B. Morphological Features of COPD227
- V. Conclusions and Perspectives238
- References240
- Index249
International Review of Cytology presents current advances and comprehensive reviews in cell biology – both plant and animal. Authored by some of the foremost scientists in the field, each volume provides up-to-date information and directions for future research.