Introduction to Fluid Mechanics
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Table of contents
- Cover
- Contentsv
- ABOUT THE AUTHORSviii
- PREFACEix
- LIST OF SYMBOLSxi
- CHAPTER 1. HISTORY OF FLUID MECHANICS1
- 1.1 Fluid mechanics in everyday life1
- 1.2 The beginning of fluid mechanics1
- CHAPTER 2. CHARACTERISTICS OF A FLUID6
- 2.1 Fluid6
- 2.2 Units and dimensions6
- 2.3 Density, specific gravity and specific volume8
- 2.4 Viscosity9
- 2.5 Surface tension13
- 2.6 Compressibility16
- 2.7 Characteristics of a perfect gas17
- 2.8 Problems18
- CHAPTER 3. FLUID STATICS20
- 3.1 Pressure20
- 3.2 Forces acting on the vessel of liquid30
- 3.3 Why does a ship float?33
- 3.4 Relatively stationary state35
- 3.5 Problems38
- CHAPTER 4. FUNDAMENTALS OF FLOW41
- 4.1 Streamline and stream tube41
- 4.2 Steady flow and unsteady flow43
- 4.3 Three-dimensional, two-dimensional and one-dimensional flow43
- 4.4 Laminar flow and turbulent flow44
- 4.5 Reynolds number46
- 4.6 Incompressible and compressible fluids46
- 4.7 Rotation and spinning of a liquid47
- 4.8 Circulation50
- 4.9 Problems53
- CHAPTER 5. ONE-DIMENSIONAL FLOW: mechanism for conservation of flow properties55
- 5.1 Continuity equation55
- 5.2 Conservation of energy56
- 5.3 Conservation of momentum70
- 5.4 Conservation of angular momentum76
- 5.5 Problems78
- CHAPTER 6. FLOW OF VISCOUS FLUID82
- 6.1 Continuity equation82
- 6.2 Navier–Stokes equation83
- 6.3 Velocity distribution of laminar flow88
- 6.4 Velocity distribution of turbulent flow94
- 6.5 Boundary layer101
- 6.6 Theory of lubrication106
- 6.7 Problems109
- CHAPTER 7. FLOW IN PIPES111
- 7.1 Flow in the inlet region112
- 7.2 Loss by pipe friction114
- 7.3 Frictional loss on pipes other than circular pipes118
- 7.4 Various losses in pipe lines119
- 7.5 Pumping to higher levels132
- 7.6 Problems134
- CHAPTER 8. FLOW IN A WATER CHANNEL136
- 8.1 Flow in an open channel with constant section and flow velocity136
- 8.2 Best section shape of an open channel138
- 8.3 Specific energy141
- 8.4 Constant discharge142
- 8.5 Constant specific energy143
- 8.6 Constant water depth144
- 8.7 Hydraulic jump145
- 8.8 Problems146
- CHAPTER 9. DRAG AND LIFT148
- 9.1 Flows around a body148
- 9.2 Forces acting on a body149
- 9.3 The drag of a body149
- 9.4 The lift of a body161
- 9.5 Cavitation167
- 9.6 Problems169
- CHAPTER 10. DIMENSIONAL ANALYSIS AND LAW OF SIMILARITY171
- 10.1 Dimensional analysis171
- 10.2 Buckingham’s π theorem172
- 10.3 Application examples of dimensional analysis172
- 10.4 Law of similarity175
- 10.5 Problems180
- CHAPTER 11. MEASUREMENT OF FLOW VELOCITY AND FLOW RATE182
- 11.1 Measurement of flow velocity182
- 11.2 Measurement of flow discharge186
- 11.3 Problems195
- CHAPTER 12. FLOW OF AN IDEAL FLUID197
- 12.1 Euler's equation of motion197
- 12.2 Velocity potential198
- 12.3 Stream function200
- 12.4 Complex potential201
- 12.5 Example of potential flow203
- 12.6 Conformal mapping212
- 12.7 Problems216
- CHAPTER 13. FLOW OF A COMPRESSIBLE FLUID218
- 13.1 Thermodynamical characteristics218
- 13.2 Sonic velocity221
- 13.3 Mach number223
- 13.4 Basic equations for one-dimensional compressible flow224
- 13.5 Isentropic flow226
- 13.6 Shock waves230
- 13.7 Fanno flow and Rayleigh flow235
- 13.8 Problems236
- CHAPTER 14. UNSTEADY FLOW238
- 14.1 Vibration of liquid column in U-tube238
- 14.2 Propagation of pressure in pipe line240
- 14.3 Transitional change in flow quantity in a pipe line242
- 14.4 Velocity of pressure wave in a pipe line243
- 14.5 Water hammer244
- 14.6 Problems247
- CHAPTER 15. COMPUTATlONAL FLUID DYNAMICS249
- 15.1 Finite difference method249
- 15.2 Finite volume method263
- 15.3 Finite element method264
- 15.4 Boundary element method269
- CHAPTER 16. FLOW VISUALISATION274
- 16.1 Classification of techniques274
- 16.2 Experimental visualisation methods274
- 16.3 Computer-aided visualisation methods286
- ANSWERS TO PROBLEMS291
- INDEX299
Fluid mechanics is often seen as the most difficult core subject encountered by engineering students. The problem stems from the necessity to visualise complex flow patterns and fluid behaviour modelled by high level mathematics. This text overcomes this difficulty by introducing the concepts through everyday examples, before moving on to the more involved mathematics. The various theories of flow have been correlated with real phenomena and, combined with numerous figures and photographs, help the reader place the subject in context. Examples from a broad range of engineering disciplines are included making this textbook suitable for all engineers studying fluid systems as part of their degree.
'Introduction to Fluid Mechanics' is translated from the best-selling Japanese book by Professor Yasuki Nakayama, and adapted for the international market by Professor Robert Boucher.
Introduces the concepts through everyday examples before moving on to the more invoved mathematics.
Various theories of flow are applied to real phenomena and illustrated with numerous figures and photographs
Includes examples from a bread range of engineering disciplines.
'Introduction to Fluid Mechanics' is translated from the best-selling Japanese book by Professor Yasuki Nakayama, and adapted for the international market by Professor Robert Boucher.
Introduces the concepts through everyday examples before moving on to the more invoved mathematics.
Various theories of flow are applied to real phenomena and illustrated with numerous figures and photographs
Includes examples from a bread range of engineering disciplines.