Investigating Child Exploitation and Pornography: The Internet, Law and Forensic Science
Ferraro, Monique M.; Casey, Eoghan
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Table of contents
- CONTENTSvii
- ABOUT THE AUTHORSxi
- PREFACExiii
- ACKNOWLEDGMENTSxv
- SECTION I THE INFLUENCE OF TECHNOLOGY1
- 1. OVERVIEW3
- 1.1 BACKGROUND5
- 1.2 HISTORY OF CHILD SEXUAL EXPLOITATION6
- 1.3 CHILD PORNOGRAPHY8
- 1.4 TECHNOLOGY AND CHILD EXPLOITATION9
- 1.5 TECHNOLOGY AND PREFERENTIAL SEX OFFENDERS15
- 1.6 DEVELOPMENT OF CHILD PORNOGRAPHY LAW16
- 1.7 INTERNATIONAL: THE UNITED NATIONS CONVENTION ON THE RIGHTS OF THE CHILD18
- 1.8 CONCLUSION18
- REFERENCES19
- 2. INTERNET APPLICATIONS21
- 2.1 IP ADDRESSES AND DOMAIN NAME SYSTEM22
- 2.2 E-MAIL23
- 2.3 E-GROUPS AND MAILING LISTS24
- 2.4 NEWSGROUPS, DISCUSSION BOARDS, AND BULLETIN BOARDS31
- 2.5 WEB SITES33
- 2.6 CHAT ROOMS AND INSTANT MESSAGING35
- 2.7 WEB CAMERAS AND VIDEOPHONES37
- 2.8 FILE TRANSFER PROTOCOL (FTP)37
- 2.9 PEER-TO-PEER (P2P)38
- 2.10 CONCLUSION39
- RESOURCES39
- 3. CYBER VICTIMS41
- 3.1 VICTIMOLOGY45
- 3.2 HOW TO PROTECT CHILDREN ONLINE45
- 3.3 CONCLUSION47
- REFERENCES47
- INTERNET RESOURCES49
- 4. CYBER OFFENDERS51
- 4.1 THE ONLINE SEXUAL PREDATOR53
- 4.2 THE CHILD MOLESTER56
- 4.3 MODUS OPERANDI: HOW ONLINE CHILD MOLESTERS OPERATE63
- 4.4 SIGNATURE AND THE ONLINE CHILD MOLESTER69
- 4.5 PROFILING THE CHILD MOLESTER71
- 4.6 THE SUBCULTURE OF CHILD PORNOGRAPHY73
- 4.7 CONCLUSION73
- REFERENCES74
- 5. SOURCES OF DIGITAL EVIDENCE79
- 5.1 OPEN COMPUTER SYSTEMS81
- 5.2 EMBEDDED COMPUTER SYSTEMS88
- 5.3 COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS91
- 5.4 PERIPHERAL DEVICES97
- REFERENCES97
- SECTION II INVESTIGATING INTERNET CHILD EXPLOITATION99
- 6. UNDERCOVER OPERATIONS101
- 6.1 SELF-PROTECTION101
- 6.2 USING PERSONAL EQUIPMENT103
- 6.3 SETTING UP INTERNET AND TELEPHONE CONNECTIONS104
- 6.4 USING ONLINE UNDERCOVER IDENTITIES105
- 6.5 CONDUCTING AN ONLINE INVESTIGATION105
- 6.6 DOCUMENTING PREDISPOSITION OF THE SUSPECT TO COMMIT A CRIME107
- 6.7 PREPARING FOR A MEETING OR SEARCH107
- 6.8 AGENCIES AND RESOURCES112
- 6.9 CONCLUSION113
- REFERENCES114
- INTERNET RESOURCES114
- 7. COLLECTING AND PRESERVING EVIDENCE ON THE INTERNET115
- 7.1 PRESERVING EVIDENCE ON THE INTERNET115
- 7.2 FINDING EVIDENCE ON THE INTERNET116
- 7.3 COLLECTING REMOTE EVIDENCE119
- REFERENCES127
- 8. TRACKING ON THE INTERNET129
- 8.1 ATTRIBUTION AND CONTINUITY OF OFFENSE130
- 8.2 TRACKING INTERNET ACTIVITIES135
- 8.3 OVERCOMING CHALLENGES TO ATTRIBUTION145
- REFERENCES150
- 9. SEARCH AND SEIZURE IN CYBERSPACE I: DRAFTING WARRANTS AND WARRANTLESS SEARCHES151
- 9.1 SEARCH WARRANT DRAFTING151
- 9.2 SEARCH WARRANTS IN GENERAL154
- 9.3 CHILD PORNOGRAPHY SENT VIA THE INTERNET„ SEARCH WARRANT FOR INTERNET ACCOUNT156
- 9.4 ENTICEMENT OF A MINOR158
- 9.5 GROOMING EVIDENCE158
- 9.6 THE AFFIDAVIT„PROBABLE CAUSE159
- 9.7 ARREST WARRANTS165
- 9.8 WARRANTLESS SEARCHES166
- 9.9 CONCLUSION170
- REFERENCES170
- 10. SEARCH AND SEIZURE IN CYBERSPACE II: EXECUTING THE SEARCH171
- 10.1 SEARCH WARRANTS171
- 10.2 EVIDENCE HANDLING178
- 10.3 OBTAINING A SECOND WARRANT179
- 10.4 EXECUTING INTERNET SERVICE PROVIDER SEARCH WARRANTS179
- 10.5 CONDUCTING PRELIMINARY INTERVIEWS187
- 10.6 NO KNOCK WARRANTS188
- 10.7 PRIVILEGED DOCUMENTS AND COMMUNICATIONS188
- 10.8 THE PRIVACY PROTECTION ACT189
- 10.9 RETURNING SEIZED ITEMS189
- REFERENCES190
- SECTION III FORENSIC EXAMINATION OF DIGITAL EVIEDENCE191
- 11. OVERVIEW OF THE EXAMINATION PROCESS193
- 11.1 EXAMINATION195
- 11.2 ANALYSIS AND RECONSTRUCTION209
- 11.3 CHALLENGES TO ADMISSIBILITY213
- REFERENCES215
- 12. SERVERS AND NETWORKS217
- 12.1 IDENTIFICATION AND SEIZURE218
- 12.2 PRESERVATION219
- 12.3 EXAMINATION AND ANALYSIS220
- REFERENCES224
- SECTION IV THE LAW OF INTERNET CHILD SEXUAL EXPLOITATION225
- 13. CHILD PORNOGRAPHY227
- 13.1 EVOLUTION OF CHILD PORNOGRAPHY LAW POST-FERBER235
- 13.2 POSSESSING CHILD PORNOGRAPHY CAN BE PROHIBITED236
- 13.3 THE CHILD PORNOGRAPHY PROTECTION ACT AND THE FREE SPEECH COALITION CHALLENGE236
- 13.4 MORPHED IMAGES237
- 13.5 VIRTUAL CHILD PORNOGRAPHY238
- 13.6 CONCLUSION241
- REFERENCES241
- 14. PRE-TRIAL243
- 14.1 INTRODUCTION243
- 14.2 CHARGING IN COMPUTER-ASSISTED CHILD EXPLOITATION CASES243
- 14.3 CASE LAW CONCERNING CHARGING DECISIONS244
- 14.4 WHAT CONSTITUTES POSSESSION?246
- 14.5 MULTIPLE COMPUTER USERS247
- 14.6 PLEA BARGAINING CONSIDERATIONS249
- 14.7 SELECTION OF EVIDENCE252
- 14.8 HOW MUCH IS ENOUGH?253
- 14.9 ENTICING A MINOR TO ENGAGE IN SEXUAL ACTIVITY253
- 14.10 PRESENTING EVIDENCE255
- 14.11 CONCLUSION255
- REFERENCE256
- 15. TRIAL257
- 15.1 SELECTING THE JURY257
- 15.2 YOUNG VICTIMS/WITNESSES259
- 15.3 EXPERT WITNESSES261
- 15.4 DISSECTING THE DIGITAL FORENSICS EXPERT’S REPORT267
- 15.5 DEFENDING THE CHARGE278
- 15.6 CONCLUSION285
- REFERENCES285
- 16. FINAL THOUGHTS287
- 16.1 SETTING UP AN ONLINE CHILD EXPLOITATION UNIT287
- 16.2 LOCATING RESOURCES FOR INVESTIGATORS AND PROSECUTORS291
- 16.3 LOOKING FORWARD292
- REFERENCE293
- INDEX295
Book details
- Vendor Elsevier S & T
- SKU 9780121631055R180
- ISBN-13 9780080478760
- Author Ferraro, Monique M.; Casey, Eoghan
- Category Social Science
- Subject Criminology
Do you have questions about this book?
Crime scenes associated with child sexual exploitation and trafficking in child pornography were once limited to physical locations such as school playgrounds, church vestibules, trusted neighbors' homes, camping trips and seedy darkly lit back rooms of adult bookstores. The explosion of Internet use has created a virtual hunting ground for sexual predators and has fueled a brisk, multi-billion dollar trade in the associated illicit material. Approximately half of the caseload in computer crimes units involves the computer assisted sexual exploitation of children. Despite the scale of this problem, or perhaps because of it, there are no published resources that bring together the complex mingling of disciplines and expertise required to put together a computer assisted child exploitation case.
This work fills this void, providing police, prosecutors and forensic examiners with the historical, legal, technical, and social background for the laws prohibiting child exploitation, in particular, child pornography. The book will become an indispensable resource for those involved in the investigation, prosecution and study of computer-assisted child sexual exploitation.
The book provides a history of child exploitation cases and studies, outlining the roles of technology in this type of crime and the evidence they can contain, and documenting new research performed by the authors. It details how successful undercover Internet operations are conducted, how the associated evidence is collected, and how to use the evidence to locate and apprehend the offender. The heart of this work is a legal section, detailing all of the legal issues that arise in Internet child exploitation cases. A forensic examination section presents evidentiary issues from a technical perspective and describes how to conduct a forensic examination of digital evidence gathered in the investigative and probative stages of a child exploitation case.
Citations to related documents are provided for readers who want to learn more about certain issues. Actual case examples from computer assisted child exploitation cases are explored, at all times protecting the privacy of the victims while providing enough detail to educate the reader.
In addition to providing guidance on the technical and legal aspects of child exploitation investigations, this work identifies and analyzes trends in this type of crime and helps readers understand the similarities and differences between child predators who take to the Internet and predators who do not. Data from the thirty Internet Crimes Against Children (ICAC) Task Forces are compiled and reported to provide a deeper understanding of the types of cases, types of offenders and the level of danger they pose to themselves, their victims, and investigating officers. Also, sex offender data from the Offices of Attorneys General in the United States and similar offices in foreign countries are gathered to increase the study sample size, establish controls, and expand the scope of the research to outside of the United States.
- The first comprehensive title in this subject area
- It will use real cases and examples of criminal behavior and the means to detect it.
- Provides guidelines for developing a Field Manual and a Checklist to supplement the investigation and legal process
- Establishes a reliable system and legal, procedural-backed protocol by which to conduct an online sexual investigation and collect evidence
This work fills this void, providing police, prosecutors and forensic examiners with the historical, legal, technical, and social background for the laws prohibiting child exploitation, in particular, child pornography. The book will become an indispensable resource for those involved in the investigation, prosecution and study of computer-assisted child sexual exploitation.
The book provides a history of child exploitation cases and studies, outlining the roles of technology in this type of crime and the evidence they can contain, and documenting new research performed by the authors. It details how successful undercover Internet operations are conducted, how the associated evidence is collected, and how to use the evidence to locate and apprehend the offender. The heart of this work is a legal section, detailing all of the legal issues that arise in Internet child exploitation cases. A forensic examination section presents evidentiary issues from a technical perspective and describes how to conduct a forensic examination of digital evidence gathered in the investigative and probative stages of a child exploitation case.
Citations to related documents are provided for readers who want to learn more about certain issues. Actual case examples from computer assisted child exploitation cases are explored, at all times protecting the privacy of the victims while providing enough detail to educate the reader.
In addition to providing guidance on the technical and legal aspects of child exploitation investigations, this work identifies and analyzes trends in this type of crime and helps readers understand the similarities and differences between child predators who take to the Internet and predators who do not. Data from the thirty Internet Crimes Against Children (ICAC) Task Forces are compiled and reported to provide a deeper understanding of the types of cases, types of offenders and the level of danger they pose to themselves, their victims, and investigating officers. Also, sex offender data from the Offices of Attorneys General in the United States and similar offices in foreign countries are gathered to increase the study sample size, establish controls, and expand the scope of the research to outside of the United States.
- The first comprehensive title in this subject area
- It will use real cases and examples of criminal behavior and the means to detect it.
- Provides guidelines for developing a Field Manual and a Checklist to supplement the investigation and legal process
- Establishes a reliable system and legal, procedural-backed protocol by which to conduct an online sexual investigation and collect evidence
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