Loomis's Essentials of Toxicology
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Table of contents
- Cover
- Title Pageiii
- Copyright Pageiv
- Contentsv
- Prefacexi
- Chapter 1. Introduction, Scope, and Principles1
- History3
- Scope of Modern Toxicology4
- Environmental Toxicology6
- Economic Toxicology8
- Medical Toxicology10
- Fundamental Principles in Toxicology12
- Chapter 2. Numbers in Toxicology17
- Dose17
- Dose-Response Relationships19
- Statistical Concepts and LD50's22
- Potency versus Toxicity23
- Safety versus Toxicity26
- Hypersensitivity and Hyposensitivity29
- Response Concepts for Compounds Essential to the Biologic System30
- Chapter 3. Biologic Factors That Influence Toxicity33
- Absorption and Translocation of Chemicals34
- Reserve Functional Capacity40
- Accumulation and Storage of Chemicals in the Organism41
- Tolerance44
- Chapter 4. Chemical Factors That Influence Toxicity47
- Nonspecific Chemical Action48
- Selective Chemical Action48
- Effect of Ionization and Lipid Solubility on Translocation of Chemicals50
- Biotransformation Mechanisms55
- Chapter 5. Influence of Route of Administration on Systemic Toxicity71
- Percutaneous Route72
- Inhalation Route74
- Oral Route76
- Parenteral Routes79
- Chapter 6. Genetic Factors That Influence Toxicity85
- The Genetic Mechanism85
- Chemicals as Mutagens87
- Principles of Genetic-Induced Chemical Toxicity88
- Discovery and Classification of Genetic-Induced Chemical Toxicity89
- Genetic Factors in Accumulation of Chemicals94
- Genetic Factors in Prolongation of Action of Chemicals95
- Genetic Factors in Increased Sensitivity to Chemicals96
- Drug-Sensitive Hemoglobins97
- Genetic Factors in Species and Strain Resistance to Toxicity99
- Chapter 7. Classification of Harmful Effects of Chemicals101
- Drug-Induced Toxicity101
- Chemicals Intentionally Administered to Biologic Specimens103
- Chemicals Not Intended for Administration to Biologic Specimens103
- Expected or Normal Effects of Chemicals103
- Unexpected or Abnormal Effects of Chemicals104
- Chapter 8. Normal Toxic Effects of Chemicals107
- Harmful Effects of Chemicals Not Intended for Introduction into Biologic Systems107
- Harmful Effects of Chemicals Intended for Introduction into Biologic Systems112
- Chapter 9. Abnormal Response to Chemicals121
- The Immune Mechanism122
- Initial Exposure to Haptens „The Sensitizing Systems123
- Subsequent Exposure to Haptens„The Allergic Reaction125
- The Immune Mechanism in Toxicology125
- Immune Mechanisms in Clinical Toxicology130
- Activation and Suppression of the Immune System133
- Chapter 10. The Basis of Selective Toxicity137
- Selective Toxicity Due to Translocation Mechanisms138
- Selective Toxicity Due to Biotransformation Mechanisms140
- Selective Toxicity Due to the Presence or Absence of Receptors142
- Chapter 11. The Basis Of Antidotal Therapy147
- General Principles148
- Procedures for Decreasing Absorption or Translocation150
- Procedures for Enhancing Termination of Action or Elimination157
- Procedures for Elevating the Threshold of Toxicity162
- Chapter 12. Principles of Biological Tests for Toxicit167
- Principles of Experimental Toxicologic Methodology169
- Translocation Factors in Toxicologic Tests170
- Concentration-Response Factors in Toxicologic Tests172
- Toxicity Versus Safety„Experimental Concepts176
- Toxicity Versus Safety„Theoretical Concepts182
- Chemical-Biological Reactions in Different Species183
- Structure-Activity Factors in Toxicologic Tests186
- Development of the Categories of Toxicologic Tests189
- Time-Effect Relationships in Toxicity Tests191
- The Biological Life and Half-Life of Compounds in Relation to Toxicity Tests194
- Summary of Principles Involved in Toxicity Tests203
- Chapter 13. Toxicologic Testing Methods205
- Acute Toxicity Tests208
- Prolonged Toxicity Tests213
- Chronic Toxicity Tests219
- Teratogenic Tests221
- Reproduction Tests225
- Mutagenicity Tests228
- Carcinogenicity Tests232
- Skin and Eye Tests237
- Behavior Tests243
- Immune Tests245
- Chapter 14. Clinical Toxicology249
- Documentation of Chemical-Induced Illness and Death249
- Diagnosis of Illness250
- Treatment251
- Risk Assessment252
- Hazard versus Risk254
- Interrelations of Hazard, Risk, Safety, and Benefit255
- Chapter 15. Information Sources in Toxicology257
- Books259
- Database Systems260
- Index263
Loomis's Essentials of Toxicology is an introductory text on the science of harmful biologic effects associated with exposures to chemicals of all types. The scope of this book includes a discussion of the major types of chemicals involved; the general properties of chemicals and biologic systems as they influence the occurrence of detrimental biologic effects; the methods used to demonstrate these effects; and the basis for clinical diagnosis and therapy of harmful effects of chemicals on humans. Individual examples are used to demonstrate each of the principles under discussion.
This text is an invaluable resource for toxicologists as well as a comprehensive introduction to the topic for graduate and advanced undergraduate students in toxicology and public health.
Key Features
* The "classic textbook" in toxicology
* Completely revised and updated
* Includes both principles and methods
* Requires minimal background in chemistry and biology
This text is an invaluable resource for toxicologists as well as a comprehensive introduction to the topic for graduate and advanced undergraduate students in toxicology and public health.
Key Features
* The "classic textbook" in toxicology
* Completely revised and updated
* Includes both principles and methods
* Requires minimal background in chemistry and biology