Marine Mammals: Evolutionary Biology
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Table of contents
- CONTENTSv
- Prefaceix
- Acknowledgmentsx
- Chapter 1. Introduction1
- 1.1. Marine Mammals„What Are They?Ž1
- 1.2. Adaptations for Aquatic Life1
- 1.3. Scope and Use of This Book2
- 1.4. Time Scale2
- 1.5. Early Observations of Marine Mammals3
- 1.6. Emergence of Marine Mammal Science7
- 1.7. Further Reading and Resources9
- References9
- PART I: Evolutionary History12
- Chapter 2. Systematics and Classification12
- 2.1. Introduction: Systematics„What Is It and Why Do It?12
- 2.2. Some Basic Terminology and Concepts13
- 2.3. How Do You Do Cladistics?17
- 2.4. Testing Phylogenetic Hypotheses19
- 2.5. Going Beyond the Phylogenetic Framework: Elucidating Evolutionary and Ecological Patterns21
- 2.6. Taxonomy and Classification22
- 2.7. Summary and Conclusions24
- 2.8. Further Reading24
- References24
- Chapter 3. Pinniped Evolution and Systematics27
- 3.1. Introduction27
- 3.2. Origin and Evolution27
- 3.3. Summary and Conclusions46
- 3.4. Further Reading47
- References47
- Chapter 4. Cetacean Evolution and Systematics51
- 4.1. Introduction51
- 4.2. Origin and Evolution51
- 4.3. Summary and Conclusions81
- 4.4. Further Reading81
- References82
- Chapter 5. Sirenians and Other Marine Mammals: Evolution and Systematics89
- 5.1. Introduction89
- 5.2. Origin and Evolution of Sirenians89
- 5.3. The Extinct Sirenian Relatives„Desmostylia98
- 5.4. The Extinct Marine Bear-Like Carnivoran, Kolponomos100
- 5.5. The Extinct Aquatic Sloth, Thalassocnus natans102
- 5.6. The Sea Otter, Enhydra lutris102
- 5.7. The Polar Bear, Ursus maritimus105
- 5.8. Summary and Conclusions105
- 5.9. Further Reading107
- References107
- Chapter 6. Evolutionary Biogeography111
- 6.1. Introduction„What Is Biogeography and Why Is It Important?111
- 6.2. Ecological Factors Affecting Distributions of Marine Mammals111
- 6.3. Present Patterns of Distribution117
- 6.4. Reconstructing Biogeographic Patterns119
- 6.5. Past Patterns of Distribution121
- 6.6. Summary and Conclusions127
- 6.7. Further Reading and Resources128
- References129
- PART II: Evolutionary Biology, Ecology, And Behavior132
- Chapter 7. Integumentary and Sensory Systems132
- 7.1. Introduction132
- 7.2. Integumentary System132
- 7.3. Nerves and Sense Organs148
- 7.4. Summary and Conclusions156
- 7.5. Further Reading157
- References157
- Chapter 8. Musculoskeletal System and Locomotion165
- 8.1. Introduction165
- 8.2. Pinnipeds165
- 8.3. Cetaceans178
- 8.4. Sirenians195
- 8.5. Sea Otter200
- 8.6. Polar Bear203
- 8.7. Summary and Conclusions203
- 8.8. Further Reading205
- References206
- Chapter 9. Energetics213
- 9.1. Introduction213
- 9.2. Metabolic Rates213
- 9.3. Thermoregulation217
- 9.4. Energetics of Locomotion223
- 9.5. Osmoregulation229
- 9.6. Summary and Conclusions231
- 9.7. Further Reading232
- References232
- Chapter 10. Respiration and Diving Physiology237
- 10.1. Introduction237
- 10.2. Problems of Deep and Prolonged Dives for Breath-Holders237
- 10.3. Pulmonary and Circulatory Adaptations to Diving239
- 10.4. Diving Response252
- 10.5. Diving Behavior and Phylogenetic Patterns254
- 10.6. Summary and Conclusions262
- 10.7. Further Reading262
- References262
- Chapter 11. Sound Production for Communication, Echolocation, and Prey Capture270
- 11.1. Introduction270
- 11.2. Sound Propagation in Air and Water270
- 11.3. Anatomy and Physiology of Sound Production and Reception272
- 11.4. Functions of Intentionally Produced Sounds284
- 11.5. Acoustic Thermometry of Ocean Climate and Low-Frequency Military Sonars302
- 11.6. Summary and Conclusions303
- 11.7. Further Reading304
- References305
- Chapter 12. Diet, Foraging Structures, and Strategies312
- 12.1. Introduction312
- 12.2. Seasonal and Geographical Patterns of Prey Abundance313
- 12.3. Adaptations for Foraging in Pinnipeds314
- 12.4. Feeding Specializations of Cetaceans324
- 12.5. Feeding Specializations of Sirenians344
- 12.6. Feeding Specializations of Other Marine Mammals350
- 12.7. Summary and Conclusions354
- 12.8. Further Reading355
- References355
- Chapter 13. Reproductive Structures, Strategies, and Patterns363
- 13.1. Introduction363
- 13.2. Anatomy and Physiology of the Reproductive System365
- 13.3. Mating Systems377
- 13.4. Lactation Strategies395
- 13.5. Reproductive Patterns402
- 13.6. Summary and Conclusions405
- 13.7. Further Reading406
- References407
- Chapter 14. Population Structure and Dynamics416
- 14.1. Introduction416
- 14.2. Abundance and Its Determination in Marine Mammals417
- 14.3. Techniques for Monitoring Populations419
- 14.4. Population Structure and Dynamics432
- 14.5. Summary and Conclusions444
- 14.6. Further Reading445
- References445
- Chapter 15. Exploitation and Conservation456
- 15.1. Introduction456
- 15.2. Commercial Exploitation of Marine Mammals456
- 15.3. Legal Framework for Marine Mammal Conservation and Protection460
- 15.4. Incidental Taking of Marine Mammals466
- 15.5. Environmental Contaminants472
- 15.6. Single Beachings vs Mass Strandings475
- 15.7. Ecotourism478
- 15.8. Progress and the Future480
- 15.9. Summary and Conclusions483
- 15.10. Further Reading483
- References484
- Appendix: Classification of Marine Mammals491
- Glossary513
- Index521
Berta and Sumich have succeeded yet again in creating superior marine reading! This book is a succinct yet comprehensive text devoted to the systematics, evolution, morphology, ecology, physiology, and behavior of marine mammals. The first edition, considered the leading text in the field, is required reading for all marine biologists concerned with marine mammals. Revisions include updates of citations, expansion of nearly every chapter and full color photographs. This title continues the tradition by fully expanding and updating nearly all chapters.
* Comprehensive, up-to-date coverage of the biology of all marine mammals
* Provides a phylogenetic framework that integrates phylogeny with behavior and ecology
* Features chapter summaries, further readings, an appendix, glossary and an extensive bibliography
* Exciting new color photographs and additional distribution maps
* Comprehensive, up-to-date coverage of the biology of all marine mammals
* Provides a phylogenetic framework that integrates phylogeny with behavior and ecology
* Features chapter summaries, further readings, an appendix, glossary and an extensive bibliography
* Exciting new color photographs and additional distribution maps