Mathematical and Physical Simulation of the Properties of Hot Rolled Products
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Table of contents
- Table of Contentsvii
- Chapter 1. Introduction1
- 1.1 Steel Production2
- 1.2 Future Changes of Personnel4
- 1.3 Competition from Other Materials4
- 1.4 Current Concerns5
- 1.5 The Rolling Process7
- 1.6 Improvements of the Rolling Process9
- 1.7 The Contents of the Book9
- Chapter 2. Tribology of Flat Rolling and The Boundary Conditions11
- 2.1 The Tribological System12
- 2.2 Interactions at the Surface of Contact14
- 2.3 The Dependence of Interfacial Phenomena on Process and Material Parameters36
- 2.4 Roll Wear44
- 2.5 Case Studies47
- 2.6 Boundary Conditions59
- Chapter 3. The Resistance of The Material to Deformation61
- 3.1 Tension, Torsion and Compression Testing61
- 3.2 Potential Problems Encountered During Mechanical Testing63
- 3.3 Representation of True Stress-True Strain Curves66
- 3.4 Case Studies80
- Chapter 4. One-Dimensional Modeling of The Flat Rolling Process85
- 4.1 Free-Body Diagram of the Roll-Strip System86
- 4.2 An Empirical Model88
- 4.3 The Traditional Models - Orowan, Sims, Bland and Ford90
- 4.4 Refinements of the Orowan Model93
- 4.5 A Model with No Friction Hill95
- 4.6 Sensitivity of the Roll Force and the Torque to Some of the Parameters98
- 4.7 The Predictive Ability of the One-Dimensional Models101
- Chapter 5. The Finite-Element Method in Metal Forming105
- 5.1 Rigid-Plastic Finite-Element Approach106
- 5.2 Elasto-Plastic Finite-Element Model111
- 5.3 Heat Transfer119
- 5.4 Case Studies132
- Chapter 6. Microstructure Evolution and Mechanical Properties of The Final Product151
- 6.1 Conventional Microstructure Evolution Models153
- 6.2 Properties at Room Temperature168
- 6.3 Substantiation of Thermal-Mechanical-Microstructural Models177
- 6.4 The Internal Variable Method207
- 6.5 Case Studies - Industrial Applications225
- Chapter 7. Shape Rolling237
- 7.1 Generalized Plane Strain Approach237
- 7.2 Case Studies240
- Chapter 8. Parameter Evaluation in Metal Forming253
- 8.1 Parameter Evaluation - The Inverse Analysis254
- 8.2 Optimization Techniques256
- 8.3 Case Studies266
- Chapter 9. Knowledge Based Modeling279
- 9.1 Knowledge in Hot Rolling279
- 9.2 Knowledge Acquisition280
- 9.3 Numerical Data for Decision-Making284
- 9.4 Data and Data Mining in Hot Rolling288
- 9.5 Numerical Data Covering the Gaps in Knowledge293
- 9.6 Case Studies296
- Chapter 10. Conclusion319
- References329
- Author Index353
- Subject Index357
The objective of this publication is to comprehensively discuss the possibilities of producing steels with pre-determined attributes, demanded by the customer to fit exacting specifications. The information presented in the book has been designed to indicate the reasons for the expenses and to aid in the process of overcoming the difficulties and reducing the costs.
In nine detailed chapters, the authors cover topics including: • steel as a major contributor to the economic wealth of a country in terms of its capabilities and production • current concerns of major steel producers • phenomena contributing to the quality of the product • information concerning the boundary conditions of the rolling process and initial conditions, put to use by mathematical models • the solid state incremental approach and flow formulation • parameters and variables - most of which make use of the exponential nature of phenomena that are activated by thermal energy • the application of three dimensional analysis to shape rolling • the evaluation of parameters by a form of inverse analysis to the flat rolling process • knowledge based modeling, using artificial intelligence, expert systems and neural networks
They conclude that when either mathematical or physical modeling of the rolling process is considered and the aim is to satisfy the demands for customers, it is possible to produce what the customer wants, exactly.