Elsevier S & T

Mechanosensitive Ion Channels, Part B

Simon, Sidney A.

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Table of contents
  • Contentsv
  • Contributorsxiii
  • Forewordxvii
  • Previous Volumes in Seriesxix
  • Chapter 1: Mechanosensitive Ion Channels of Spiders: Mechanical Coupling, Electrophysiology, and Syn1
  • I. Overview1
  • II. Introduction2
  • III. Types of Spider Mechanoreceptors3
  • IV. Mechanical Coupling3
  • V. Mechanotransduction in Slit Sensilla6
  • A. The Ionic Selectivity of Spider Mechanosensitive Channels7
  • B. The Location of VS-3 Mechanosensitive Channels8
  • C. Mechanosensitive Channel Conductance, Density, and pH Sensitivity9
  • D. Temperature Sensitivity of Mechanosensitive Channels11
  • E. Molecular Characterization of Spider Mechanosensitive Channels11
  • VI. Dynamic Properties of Mechanotransduction and Action Potential Encoding13
  • VII. Calcium Signaling During Transduction by Spider Mechanoreceptors14
  • VIII. Synaptic Modulation of Spider Mechanoreceptors15
  • IX. Conclusions17
  • Acknowledgments17
  • References17
  • Chapter 2: Ion Channels for Mechanotransduction in the Crayfish Stretch Receptor21
  • I. Overview21
  • II. Introduction22
  • III. Morphology of the SRO23
  • IV. Functional Properties24
  • A. General Behavior24
  • B. Viscoelastic Properties of the Receptor Muscles26
  • C. MSCs in the Receptor Neurons27
  • D. Macroscopic Receptor Currents in the Stretch Receptor Neurons31
  • E. Pharmacology of the Crayfish MSCs33
  • F. Voltage-Gated Ion Channels and the Generation of Impulse Response36
  • G. Adaptation: A Multifactor Property41
  • V. Summary and Discussion of Future Research Directions43
  • Acknowledgments45
  • References45
  • Chapter 3: Mechanosensitive Ion Channels in Caenorhabditis elegans49
  • I. Overview49
  • II. Introduction50
  • III. C. elegans Mechanosensitive Behaviors51
  • IV. C. elegans DEG/ENaCs55
  • A. MEC-4 and MEC-1057
  • B. UNC-8 and DEL-162
  • C. UNC-10565
  • V. C. elegans TRP Ion Channels66
  • A. OSM-9 and OCR-270
  • B. TRP-471
  • VI. Concluding Remarks72
  • References73
  • Chapter 4: Properties and Mechanism of the Mechanosensitive Ion Channel Inhibitor GsMTx4, a Therapeu81
  • I. Overview81
  • II. Introduction82
  • III. Properties and Specificity of GsMTx485
  • A. Biochemical and Structural85
  • B. Biophysical and Mechanistic88
  • C. Specificity93
  • IV. Cellular Sites for GsMTx495
  • A. TRPC1 Channel95
  • B. TRPC6 Channel97
  • V. Potential Therapeutic Uses for GsMTx497
  • A. Cardiac Myocytes and Atrial Fibrillation97
  • B. Muscular Dystrophy99
  • C. Astrocytes and Gliosis100
  • D. Neurite Growth Extension102
  • VI. Conclusions103
  • References103
  • Chapter 5: Mechanosensitive Channels in Neurite Outgrowth111
  • I. Overview111
  • II. Introduction112
  • III. Encoding of Guidance Cues in Axon Pathfinding112
  • IV. Requirement of TRP Channels in Calcium-Dependent Axon Pathfinding114
  • V. Physical Guidance Cues and Role of Mechanosensitive Ion Channels116
  • VI. Ion Channels as Molecular Integrators119
  • VII. Concluding Remarks120
  • Note Added in Proof121
  • Acknowledgments121
  • References122
  • Chapter 6: ENaC Proteins in Vascular Smooth Muscle Mechanotransduction127
  • I. Overview127
  • II. Introduction128
  • III. DEG/ENaC/ASIC Proteins are Members of a Diverse Protein Family Involved in Mechanotransduction129
  • A. ENaC Proteins129
  • B. Genetic Link to Mechanotransduction130
  • C. Mechanotransduction in C. elegans131
  • D. ENaC and Mechanotransduction133
  • IV. Involvement of ENaC Proteins in Vascular Smooth Muscle Mechanotransduction137
  • A. ENaC Proteins in Pressure-Mediated Myogenic Constriction137
  • V. Summary and Future Directions145
  • References145
  • Chapter 7: Regulation of the Mechano-Gated K2P Channel TREK-1 by Membrane Phospholipids155
  • I. Overview155
  • II. Introduction156
  • III. TREK-1 Stimulation by Membrane Phospholipids158
  • IV. TREK-1 Inhibition by Membrane Phospholipids161
  • Acknowledgments168
  • References168
  • Chapter 8: MechanoTRPs and TRPA1171
  • I. Overview171
  • II. MechanoTRP Channels174
  • III. Characteristics of TRPA1 Gene and Protein175
  • IV. TRPA1 Expression in Mechanosensory Organs176
  • A. Somatosensory Neurons176
  • B. Inner Ear177
  • V. Function of TRPA1177
  • A. Nociception177
  • B. Auditory and Vestibular180
  • C. Channel Similarities Between Heterologously Expressed TRPA1 and Endogenous Mechanotransducers181
  • VI. Proposed Biological Roles for TRPA1185
  • References186
  • Chapter 9: TRPCs as MS Channels191
  • I. Overview191
  • II. Introduction192
  • III. Practical Aspects of Recording MS Channels193
  • IV. Distinguishing Direct vs Indirect MS Channels195
  • V. Extrinsic Regulation of Stretch Sensitivity197
  • VI. Strategies to Identify MS Channel Proteins197
  • VII. General Properties of TRPCs198
  • A. TRPC Expression199
  • B. TRPC Activation and Function199
  • C. TRPC-TRPC Interactions200
  • D. TRPC Interactions with Scaffolding Proteins201
  • E. Single TRPC Channel Conductance202
  • F. TRPC Pharmacology203
  • VIII. Evidence for TRPC Mechanosensitivity203
  • A. TRPC1203
  • B. TRPC2210
  • C. TRPC3212
  • D. TRPC4212
  • E. TRPC6212
  • IX. Conclusions215
  • Note Added in Proof217
  • Acknowledgments218
  • References218
  • Chapter 10: The Cytoskeletal Connection to Ion Channels as a Potential Mechanosensory Mechanism: Les233
  • I. Overview234
  • II. Introduction235
  • A. The Channel-Cytoskeleton Connection239
  • B. Actin Filaments and Their Disruption: Effect of Cytochalasins241
  • C. The Superfamily of TRP Channels247
  • D. TRP Channels and Mechanosensation249
  • E. Cytoskeletal Connections in TRP Channels251
  • III. Role of Actin Cytoskeletal Dynamics in PC2-Mediated Channel Function253
  • A. Role of PC2 in Health and Disease253
  • B. Presence of Actin and Associated Proteins and Effect of CD on Channel Activity in hST255
  • C. Effect of Gelsolin and Actin on PC2 Channel Activity in hST257
  • IV. Identification of Actin-Binding Protein Interactions with Polycystin-2261
  • A. Interaction Between PC2 and alpha-Actinin Revealed by Yeast Two-Hybrid System261
  • B. In Vitro and In Vivo Binding of PC2 with alpha-Actinins264
  • V. Effect of Hydroosmotic Pressure on PC2 Channel Function: Role of the Cytoskeleton in Osmosensory265
  • A. Effect of Hydrostatic and Osmotic Pressure on PC2 Channel Regulation265
  • VI. The Channel-Cytoskeleton Interface: Structural-Functional Correlates272
  • A. Mechanosensitivity and the Lipid Bilayer272
  • B. Cytoskeletal Interactions with PC2273
  • C. In Search of the Molecular Link274
  • D. Elastic Properties of Actin Networks275
  • E. Sensory Role of the Actin Cytoskeleton in PC2 Channel Function280
  • VII. Perspective and Future Directions281
  • References282
  • Chapter 11: Lipid Stress at Play: Mechanosensitivity of Voltage-Gated Channels297
  • I. Overview298
  • II. The System Components298
  • A. The Channel Proteins300
  • B. Bilayer301
  • C. Accessory Proteins301
  • III. Big Picture Issues301
  • A. Bilayer Mechanics and VGCs301
  • B. Prokaryotic VGCs as Ancestral Lipid Stress Detectors?304
  • C. MS VGCs and MS TRP Channels: Sharing Insights305
  • D. No MS "Motif" Required: Just Say HMMM308
  • E. An Imperturbable K-Selective Pore Surrounded by MS Voltage Sensors?312
  • F. Alcohol and VGCs: Binding Sites or Bilayer Mechanics?314
  • IV. Reversible Stretch-Induced Changes in Particular VGCs319
  • A. Kv Channels319
  • B. Cav and Kv3 Channels Have Similar Stretch Responses321
  • C. Cav: L-Type Channels in Native Preparations323
  • D. Nav Channels324
  • E. HCN Channels324
  • V. Irreversible Stretch-Induced Gating Changes in VGCs325
  • VI. Technical Issues327
  • A. Applying a Stretching Force to Study MS Modulation of VGC Activity327
  • B. Gadolinium Strangeness329
  • VII. Summary Comments330
  • Acknowledgments330
  • References330
  • Chapter 12: Hair Cell Mechanotransduction: The Dynamic Interplay Between Structure and Function339
  • I. Overview339
  • II. Auditory System340
  • III. Hair Bundle Structure341
  • IV. MET Involves Mechanically Gated Channels341
  • V. Where Are These Channels?343
  • VI. The Gating Spring Theory344
  • VII. How Are the Channels Activated?347
  • VIII. To be or Not to be Tethered349
  • IX. Characterizing Channel Properties?351
  • X. MET Channel Pore352
  • XI. Adaptation354
  • A. Motor Adaptation357
  • B. Multiple Components of Adaptation358
  • C. Fast Adaptation359
  • D. Functional Role of Adaptation360
  • XII. The Dynamic Hair Bundle361
  • XIII. Summary and Future Directions365
  • Acknowledgments366
  • References366
  • Chapter 13: Insights into the Pore of the Hair Cell Transducer Channel from Experiments with Permean375
  • I. Overview376
  • II. Introduction376
  • III. Ionic Selectivity of the Transducer Channel377
  • IV. Permeation and Block of Mechanoreceptor Channels by FM1-43378
  • A. Evidence for Permeation of FM1-43 Through the Hair Cell Transducer Channel378
  • B. Permeation of FM1-43 Through Other Mechanoreceptors381
  • C. FM1-43 as a Screen for Functional Transducer Channels and Mechanoreceptors382
  • V. Permeation and Block of the Hair Cell Transducer Channel by Aminoglycoside Antibiotics382
  • A. Evidence for Permeation of Aminoglycoside Antibiotics Through the Transducer Channel382
  • B. Inferences About the Functional Geometry of the Transducer Channel Pore384
  • VI. Transducer Channel Block by Amiloride and Its Derivatives391
  • A. Amiloride and Amiloride Derivatives as Permeant Transducer Channel Blockers: A Reinterpretation391
  • B. Structure-Activity Sequences for Amiloride and Its Derivatives394
  • VII. Conclusions394
  • Acknowledgments396
  • References396
  • Chapter 14: Models of Hair Cell Mechanotransduction399
  • I. Overview399
  • II. Introduction400
  • III. Transduction Channel Properties401
  • A. Localization and Number of Transduction Channels in Stereocilia401
  • B. Pore Properties402
  • C. Molecular Identity of the Transduction Channel403
  • IV. Gating408
  • A. Transduction Channel Kinetics and Thermodynamics408
  • B. Biophysical Concept of the Gating Spring410
  • C. Molecular Representation of the Gating Spring412
  • V. Active Hair Bundle Motility415
  • A. Adaptation415
  • B. Spontaneous Oscillations415
  • VI. Conclusions418
  • References418
  • Chapter 15: Touch425
  • I. Overview426
  • II. Introduction426
  • III. Structure of Skin and Touch Receptors427
  • A. Epidermis427
  • B. Dermis429
  • C. Mechanosensory Receptors429
  • IV. Physiology of Mechanoreceptive Nerve Fibers432
  • A. Low-Threshold Mechanoreceptors432
  • B. High-Threshold Mechanoreceptors434
  • V. Quantitating Mechanical Responses in Animal Models435
  • VI. Electrophysiological Approaches to Mechanosensation in Rodents436
  • VII. Mechanosensitive Ion Channels in Cultured Sensory Neurons437
  • VIII. Gating MS Ion Channels in DRG Neurons446
  • IX. Candidate Ion Channels447
  • A. DEG/ENaC Ion Channels448
  • B. TRP Ion Channels450
  • C. Mechanosensitive Potassium Channels453
  • X. Voltage-Gated Channels and Mechanosensation454
  • A. Sodium Channels454
  • B. Calcium Channels456
  • XI. Indirect Signaling Between Sensory Neurons and Nonneuronal Cells456
  • XII. Conclusions457
  • Acknowledgments457
  • References457
  • Chapter 16: Mechanosensitive Ion Channels in Dystrophic Muscle467
  • I. Overview467
  • II. Introduction468
  • III. MS Channel Expression During Myogenesis469
  • IV. Permeabilty Properties of MS Channels in Skeletal Muscle470
  • A. Permeability to Monovalent Cations470
  • B. Permeability to Divalent Cations470
  • V. Gating471
  • A. SA Gating471
  • B. Voltage-Sensitive Gating473
  • C. Modal Gating in mdx Muscle474
  • VI. Pharmacology478
  • A. Block by Gadolinium Ion478
  • B. Aminoglycoside Antibiotics480
  • VII. Conclusions481
  • References482
  • Chapter 17: MscCa Regulation of Tumor Cell Migration and Metastasis485
  • I. Overview485
  • II. Introduction486
  • III. Different Modes of Migration487
  • A. Amoeboid Migration487
  • B. Mesenchymal Migration488
  • C. Collective Cell Migration489
  • D. Mechanisms for Switching Migration Modes489
  • IV. Ca2+ Dependence Of Cell Migration490
  • A. Measuring [Ca2+]i490
  • B. Identifying Ca2+ Influx Pathways491
  • C. Ca2+ Dependence of Amoeba Locomotion492
  • D. Ca2+ Dependence of Vertebrate Cell Amoeboid Migration494
  • E. The Role of [Ca2+]i Gradients and Transients in Mesen chymal Cell Migration495
  • V. The Role of MscCa in Cell Migration499
  • VI. Can Extrinsic Mechanical Forces Acting on MscCa Switch on Cell Migration?501
  • Note Added in Proof502
  • Acknowledgments502
  • References502
  • Chapter 18: Stretch-Activated Conductances in Smooth Muscles511
  • I. Overview511
  • II. Introduction512
  • III. Mechanosensitive Conductances that Generate Inward Currents514
  • A. Vascular Smooth Muscle514
  • B. Bladder Myocytes520
  • C. GI Myocytes521
  • IV. Mechanosensitive Conductances That Generate Outward Currents527
  • A. Vascular Muscles527
  • B. Bladder Smooth Muscle528
  • C. Uterine Smooth Muscle529
  • D. GI Smooth Muscle530
  • References535
  • Chapter 19: Mechanosensitive Ion Channels in Blood Pressure-Sensing Baroreceptor Neurons541
  • I. Overview541
  • II. Introduction542
  • III. BR Sensory Transduction544
  • A. Vascular Compliance and Viscoelastic Coupling545
  • B. Mechanoelectrical Transduction545
  • IV. Mechanosensitive Channels in BR Neurons548
  • A. Epithelial Na+ Channels548
  • B. Acid Sensing Ion Channels552
  • C. TRP Channels555
  • V. Methodological Limitations and Challenges558
  • A. Need for Selective Pharmacological Antagonists558
  • B. Complexity of Mechanosensitive Ion Channel Complex(es)559
  • C. Heterogeneity of Sensory Neurons560
  • VI. Summary and Future Directions560
  • Acknowledgments561
  • References561
  • Index569
Book details
  • Vendor Elsevier S & T
  • SKU 9780121533595
  • ISBN-13 9780080494401
  • Author Simon, Sidney A.
  • Category Science
  • Subject Molecular Biology

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Current Topics in Membranes provides a systematic, comprehensive, and rigorous approach to specific topics relevant to the study of cellular membranes. Each volume is a guest edited compendium of membrane biology. This series has been a mainstay for practicing scientists and students interested in this critical field of biology. Articles covered in the volume include ENaC Proteins in Vascular Smooth Muscle Mechanotransduction; Regulation of the Mechano-Gated K2P Channel TREK-1 by Membrane Phospholipids; MechanoTRPs and TRPA1; TRPC; The Cytoskeletal Connection to Ion Channels as a Potential Mechanosensory Mechanism. Lessons From Polycystin-2 (TRPP2); Lipid Stress at Play: Mechanosensitivity of Voltage-Gated Channels; Hair Cell Mechanotransduction: The Dynamic Interplay between Structure and Function; Pharmacology of Hair Cell MS Channels; Hair Cell Mechanotransduction; Models of Hair Cell Mechanotrasduction; Touch; Mechanosensitive Ion Channels in Dystrophic Muscle; Mechanotransduction in Endothelial Cells;
MS Channels in Tumor Cell Migration; Mechanosensitive Channels in Regulating Smooth Muscle Contraction in the GI; Mechanosensitive Ion Channels in Blood-Pressure-Sensing Baroreceptor Neurons.