Elsevier S & T

Metabolic Bone Disease and Clinically Related Disorders

Avioli, Louis V.; Krane, Stephen M.

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Table of contents

Contentsv
Contributorsxi
Prefacexv
Chapter 1. Embryology and Cellular Biology of Bone1
I. Embryonic Skeletal Development2
II. Limb Development and Pattern Regulation2
III. Bone Morphogenetic Proteins and Development4
IV. The Role of Parathyroid Hormone-Related Peptide in Development4
V. Fibroblast Growth Factors and Skeletal Development4
VI. Cells of the Osteoblast Lineage5
VII. The Osteoclast9
VIII. Cell–Cell Interaction in Bone Remodeling12
IX. Colony-Stimulating Factors and Bone13
X. The Transforming Growth Factor β Family13
XI. Other Growth Factors (FGF, VEGF, PDGF, and HGF)15
XII. Cell–Matrix Interactions16
References17
Chapter 2. The Nature of the Mineral Phase in Bone: Biological and Clinical Implications23
I. Biological Functions of the Mineral Phase23
II. The General Nature of the Mineral Phase in Bone and the Changes That Occur with Time28
III. Postulated Phases Other Than Apatite as the Initial Solid Ca-P Mineral Phase Deposited in Bone29
IV. Crystal Size and Shape32
V. Recent Studies of the Structure of Bone Apatities and the Applications of These Date to Clinical36
References46
Chapter 3. Parathyroid Hormone and Parathyroid Hormone–Related Peptide in Calcium Homeostasis, Bon51
I. Introduction: Regulators of Mineral Ion Homeostasis52
II. Parathyroid Hormone53
III. Parathyroid Hormone–Related Peptide67
IV. Receptors That Mediate Analogous and Distinct Molecular Actions of PTH and PTHrP73
V. Summary: Overall Biological Roles of PTH and PTHrP and Their Cloned Receptors82
References83
Chapter 4. Calcitonin95
I. Nature of Calcitonin96
II. Chemistry98
III. Biosynthesis99
IV. Secretion and Metabolism101
V. Actions of Calcitonin102
VI. Calcitonin Receptor108
VII. Calcitonin in Clinical Medicine113
VIII. Summary113
References114
Chapter 5. Vitamin D Metabolism and Biological Function123
I. History of Vitamin D124
II. Photobiology of Vitamin D3127
III. Intestinal Absorption of Vitamin D131
IV. Metabolism of Vitamin D to 25-Hydroxyvitamin D132
V. Metabolism of 25-Hydroxyvitamin D to 1,25-Hydroxyvitamin D135
VI. Altemative Metabolism of 25-Hydroxyvitamin D and 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D139
VII. Metabolism of Vitamin D2141
VIII. Biological Actions of 1,25(OH)2D142
IX. Biological Actions of 1,25(OH)2D in Tissues Regulating Calcium Balance144
X. Actions of Vitamin D Metabolites and Analogs in Nonclassical Target Tissues145
XI. Assays for Vitamin D and Its Metabolites148
XlI. Conclusion155
References156
Chapter 6. Pathophysiology of Calcium, Phosphate, and Magnesium Absorption165
I. Calcium165
II. Phosphate183
III. Magnesium190
References195
Chapter 7. Disorders of Phosphate Homeostasis207
I. Phosphate Homeostasis207
II. Hypophosphatemia216
III. Hyperphosphatemia226
References230
Chapter 8. Bone Biopsies: A Modern Approach237
I. Function and Structure of the Skeleton237
II. Bone Biopsies244
III. Mineralized Bone Histology Techniques247
IV. Molecular Bone Histology249
V. Evaluation of Bone251
VI. Indications For and Information Derived from Bone Biopsies256
VII. Information Derived from Molecular Histology268
References269
Chapter 9. Noninvasive Assessment of Bone275
I. Introduction275
II. Radiation-Based Assessment of Bone277
III. Assessment of Bone without Radiation292
IV. Standardization and Quality Assurance in Dual X-Ray Absorptiometry298
V. Clinical Applications300
References303
Chapter 10. Biochemical Markers of Bone Turnover313
I. Introduction313
II. Bone Matrix, Minerals, and Cells314
III. Bone Turnover: Modeling and Remodeling314
IV. Biochemistry of Bone Turnover315
V. Markers of Bone Formation316
VI. Markers of Bone Resorption318
VII. 24-Hour Variation in Markers of Bone Turnover321
VIII. Potential Use of Biochemical Markers321
IX. Conclusions324
References324
Chapter 11. Osteomalacia and Related Disorders327
I. Bone Mineralization and the Mechanisms of Osteoid Accumulation328
II. Manifestations of Osteomalacia338
III. Etiological Classification and Pathogenesis of Osteomalacia349
IV. Osteomalacia Resulting from Abnormal Vitamin D Metabolism354
V. Vitamin D and Age-Related Osteoporosis360
VI. Osteomalacia Resulting from Abnormal Phosphate Metabolism361
VII. Osteomalacia with Normal Vitamin D and Phosphate Metabolism367
VIII. Therapeutic Intervention in Osteomalacia370
References374
Chapter 12. Osteoporosis Pathogenesis and Therapy387
I. Definition387
II. Physiological Osteoporosis389
III. Diagnostic Aids390
IV. Classification395
V. Management397
References406
Chapter 13. Primary Hyperparathyroidism411
I. Introduction411
II. Etiology and Pathology412
III. Clinical Features: Changing Clinical Presentation418
IV. Diagnosis and Differential Diagnosis426
V. Medical Management of Hypercalcemia and Hyperparathyroidism431
VI. Summary435
References435
Chapter 14. Renal Osteodystrophy443
I. Introduction443
II. Secondary Hyperparathyroidism and Osteitis Fibrosa443
III. Osteomalacia451
IV. Bone Histology451
V. Clinical and Biochemical Features of Altered Divalent–Ion Metabolism453
VI. Radiographic Features of Renal Osteodystrophy455
VII. Extraskeletal Calcifications456
VIII. Therapeutic Approach to Renal Osteodystrophy456
References460
Chapter 15. Surgical Treatment for Hyperparathyroidism465
I. History of Surgery for Hyperparathyroidism465
II. Primary Hyperparathyroidism: Preoperative Evaluation466
III. Primary Hyperparathyroidism: Conduct of the Operation469
IV. Primary Hyperparathyroidism: Management of Patients with Persistent or Recurrent Hyperparathyroi472
V. Operative Management of Patients with Parathyroid Carcinoma475
VI. Operative Management of Patients with Renal Osteodystrophy475
VII. Postoperative Management475
References477
Chapter 16. Familial Benign Hypocalciuric Hypercalcemia and Other Syndromes of Altered Responsivenes479
I. Introduction479
II. Syndromes of Extracellular Calcium Resistance480
III. Autosomal Dominant Hypocalcemia„A Syndrome of Increased Responsiveness of Target Tissues to C493
IV. Summary and Conclusions496
References496
Chapter 17. Hypoparathyroidism and Pseudohypoparathyroidism501
I. Introduction501
II. Pathophysiology of Hypocalcemia502
III. Signs and Symptoms of Hypocalcemia504
IV. Specific Causes of Functional Hypoparathyroidism505
V. Pseudohypoparathyroidism510
VI. Diagnosis519
VII. Treatment521
VIII. Conclusion522
References522
Chapter 18. Bone Disease in Hyperthyroidism531
I. Grades of Hyperthyroidism531
II. Overt Hyperthyroidism532
III. Endogenous Subclinical Hyperthyroidism534
IV. Exogenous Subclinical Hyperthyroidism: Thyroid Hormone Suppressive Therapy535
V. Thyroid Hormone Replacement Therapy539
VI. Treatment and Prevention of Thyroid Hormone–Mediated Bone Loss539
VII. Conclusions541
References541
Chapter 19. Paget's Disease of Bone545
I. Historical Aspects545
II. Incidence and Epidemiology545
III. Histopathology547
IV. Focal Manifestations554
V. Local Complications562
VI. Metabolic Aspects of Paget's Disease569
VII. Systemic Complications and Associated Diseases578
VIII. Drug Treatment581
IX. Surgery592
X. Etiology593
References596
Chapter 20. Sarcoidosis and Related Disorders607
I. Granulomatous and Infectious Diseases607
II. Lymphoma and Solid Tumors613
III. Miscellaneous Diseases614
References615
Chapter 21. Bone Disease in Rheumatological Disorders621
I. Introduction621
II. Rheumatoid Arthritis622
III. Seronegative Spondyloarthropathies626
IV. Systemic Lupus Erythematosus628
V. Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis628
References633
Chapter 22. Hypercalcemia of Malignancy637
I. Pathophysiology637
II. Clinical Features642
III. Treatment643
References646
Chapter 23. Osteogenesis Imperfecta651
I. Introduction651
II. Perspective: Clinical Introduction651
III. Clinical Features657
IV. Pathophysiology663
V. Collagen Biochemistry and Bone Cell Biology as Related to OI666
VI. Biochemical and Molecular Tools for the Identification of Mutations in Patients with OI670
VII. Molecular Pathophysiology of OI673
VIII. Therapy678
IX. Future Diagnostic and Therapeutic Directions681
References683
Chapter 24. Skeletal Disorders Characterized by Osteosclerosis or Hyperostosis697
I. Introduction697
II. Osteopetrosis698
III. Carbonic Anhydrase II Deficiency703
IV. Pycnodysostosis705
V. Osteomesopyknosis707
VI. Progressive Diaphyseal Dysplasia (Camurati- Engelmann Disease)707
VII. Endosteal Hyperostosis710
VIII. Osteopoikilosis713
IX. Osteopathia Striata715
X. Melorheostosis716
XI. Mixed Sclerosing Bone Dystrophy718
XII. Fibrodysplasia Ossificans Progressiva719
XIII. Axial Osteomalacia722
XIV. Fibrogenesis Imperfecta Ossium726
XV. Fluorosis728
XVI. Pachydermoperiostosis729
XVII. Hepatitis C–Associated Osteosclerosis731
XVIII. Other Disorders731
References732
Chapter 25. Kidney Stones: Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Therapy739
I. Introduction739
II. Hypercalciuria740
III. Hyperuricosuria747
IV. Hyperoxaluria748
V. Hypocitraturia750
VI. Gouty Diathesis752
VII. Cystinuria753
VIII. Infection with Urea-Splitting Organisms755
IX. Conservative Management755
References756
Chapter 26. Metabolic Bone Disease in Children759
I. Introduction759
II. Skeletal Development759
III. Rickets and Osteomalacia764
References777
Index785
Color Plate SectionColor Plate-1

Book details

Vendor Elsevier S & T
SKU 9780120687008
ISBN-13 9780080536279
Author Avioli, Louis V.; Krane, Stephen M.
Edition 3rd
Category Medical
Subject Orthopedics

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Metabolic Bone Disease, Third Edition is the new, expanded edition of the classic text, featuring the latest advancements and research information in this fast-moving field. The Third Edition includes the most up-to-date information on molecular mechanisms, basic biology, pathophysiology, and diagnosis and management strategies of metabolic bone disease.

Key Features
* Edited by "fathers of the field"
* An expanded version of a classic AP text
* Complete coverage of a fast-growing field

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