Elsevier S & T

Metallic Multilayers and their Applications: Theory, Experiments, and Applications related to Thin Metallic Multilayers

Fernando, Gayanath

In stock
No reviews
76.000 KD inc. VAT
License
Table of contents
  • Cover
  • Prefaceix
  • Volume Prefacexiii
  • Contentsxv
  • Chapter 1. GMR in Metallic Multilayers - A Simple Picture1
  • 1.1. Introduction1
  • 1.2. GMR: A historical perspective8
  • 1.3. Qualitative arguments10
  • 1.4. Interlayer exchange coupling15
  • 1.5. 3-dimensional model: Fermi surface nesting16
  • 1.6. Strength of coupling: theory vs experiment17
  • 1.7. Selected multilayer systems21
  • 1.8. Scattering of electrons: a simple picture25
  • 1.9. Magnetic tunnel junctions28
  • 1.10. Half-metallic systems29
  • 1.11. Summary29
  • Acknowledgements30
  • References30
  • Chapter 2. Overview of First Principles Theory: Metallic Films33
  • 2.1. First principles band structure34
  • 2.2. Density functional theory: reduction of the many-electron problem44
  • 2.3. Itinerant magnetism45
  • 2.4. Localized vs. itinerant magnetic moments46
  • 2.5. Stoner criteria47
  • 2.6. RKKY theory and interlayer coupling48
  • 2.7. Local spin-density functionals52
  • 2.8. Helical magnetic configurations: non-collinear magnetism54
  • 2.9. Orbital and multiplet effects55
  • 2.10. Current density functional theory57
  • References59
  • Chapter 3. Thin Epitaxial Films: Insights from Theory and Experiment63
  • 3.1. Metastability and pseudomorphic growth63
  • 3.2. A brief introduction to kinetics64
  • 3.3. Strain in hetero-epitaxial growth65
  • 3.4. Alloy phase diagrams and defects66
  • 3.5. Metastability and Bain distortions69
  • 3.6. Interfaces in metallic multilayers - Pb-Nb and Ag-Nb73
  • 3.7. Magnetic 3d metals76
  • 3.8. Epitaxially grown magnetic systems77
  • 3.9. More on epitaxially grown fcc Fe/Cu78
  • 3.10. Epitaxially grown Fe16N2 films81
  • 3.11. More on Fe/Cr84
  • 3.12. bcc Nickel grown on Fe and GaAs85
  • 3.13. Summary85
  • References86
  • Chapter 4. Magnetic Anisotropy in Transition Metal Systems89
  • 4.1. Basics of magnetic anisotropy89
  • 4.2. Exchange-bias due to exchange anisotropy101
  • References109
  • Chapter 5. Probing Layered Systems: A Brief Guide to Experimental Techniques111
  • 5.1. SMOKE (Surface Magneto-Optic Kerr Effect)111
  • 5.2. AES (Auger Electron Spectroscopy)114
  • 5.3. FMR (Ferromagnetic Resonance)115
  • 5.4. STM (Scanning Tunneling Microscopy)115
  • 5.5. AFM (Atomic Force Microscopy)116
  • 5.6. Neutron diffraction117
  • 5.7. Mössbauer spectroscopy117
  • 5.8. LEED (Low Energy Electron Diffraction)119
  • 5.9. RHEED (Reflection High Energy Electron Diffraction)120
  • 5.10. ARPES (Angle Resolved Photo-Emission Spectroscopy)122
  • 5.11. XAS (X-ray absorption spectroscopy)124
  • 5.12. Magnetic Dichroism in XAS125
  • 5.13. X-PEEM (X-ray Photoelectron Emission Microscopy)125
  • 5.14. SPLEEM (Spin Polarized Low Energy Electron Microscopy)126
  • 5.15. Andreev reflection127
  • References129
  • Chapter 6. Generalized Kohn-Sham Density Functional Theory via Effective Action Formalism131
  • 6.1. Introduction131
  • 6.2. Effective action functional133
  • 6.3. Generalized Kohn-Sham theory via the inversion method135
  • 6.4. Kohn-Sham density-functional theory138
  • 6.5. Time-dependent probe145
  • 6.6. One-electron propagators147
  • 6.7. Excitation energies148
  • 6.8. Theorems involving functionals W[J] and Gamma[Q]151
  • 6.9. Concluding remarks155
  • Acknowledgements155
  • References156
  • Chapter 7. Magnetic Tunnel Junctions and Spin Torques157
  • 7.1. Magnetic random access memory (MRAM)157
  • 7.2. Magnetic tunnel junctions159
  • 7.3. Theoretical aspects of TMR161
  • 7.4. Devices with large TMR values163
  • 7.5. Double barriers, vortex domain structures165
  • 7.6. Spin transfer torques in metallic multilayers166
  • 7.7. Ultra-fast reversal of magnetization171
  • 7.8. Transistors based on spin orientation173
  • 7.9. Summary173
  • References174
  • Chapter 8. Confined Electronic States in Metallic Multilayers177
  • 8.1. Wedge shaped samples178
  • 8.2. Phase accumulation model179
  • 8.3. Interfacial roughness182
  • 8.4. Envelope functions of the QW state182
  • 8.5. Multiple quantum wells183
  • 8.6. Non-free-electron-like behavior184
  • 8.7. Reduction of the 3-dimensional Schrödinger equation185
  • 8.8. Envelope functions and the full problem187
  • 8.9. Applications - confined states in metallic multilayers190
  • 8.10. Summary193
  • Acknowledgements193
  • References194
  • Chapter 9. Half-Metallic Systems: Complete Asymmetry in Spin Transport195
  • 9.1. Introduction195
  • 9.2. Half Heusler alloys: NiMnSb and PtMnSb198
  • 9.3. Full Heusler alloys: Co2MnSi, Co2MnGe, Co2Cr1-xFexAl199
  • 9.4. Chromium dioxide201
  • 9.5. Perovskites and double-perovskites201
  • 9.6. Multilayers of zincblende half-metals with semiconductors202
  • References202
  • Chapter 10. Exact Theoretical Studies of Small Hubbard Clusters205
  • 10.1. Introduction205
  • 10.2. Methodology and key results207
  • 10.3. Charge and spin pairings208
  • 10.4. T-U phase diagram and pressure effects210
  • 10.5. Unpaired, dormant magnetic state211
  • 10.6. Linked 4-site clusters212
  • 10.7.Summary213
  • Acknowledgements214
  • References214
  • Subject Index217
Book details
  • Vendor Elsevier S & T
  • SKU 9780444517036
  • ISBN-13 9780080559681
  • Author Fernando, Gayanath
  • Category Technology & Engineering
  • Subject Materials Science

Do you have questions about this book?

Ask an expert!

Description eBook delivery & access Reviews
Thin Metallic multilayer films have become an important part in today's computer technology. The giant magnetoresistance (GMR) effect, which plays a central role here, was discovered in the late 1980s. This can be essentially described as the effect of a magnetic field on the electron transport leading to significant changes in the resistance. Other aspects of multilayers systems, such as stability, growth, confinement are also addressed. Theoretical and experimental methods used in such work are described in some detail, with special emphasis on density functional and spin density functional theories. Magnetic anisotropy in thin films is also discussed while addressing unresolved issues and new results from exchange-bias experiments.

* Discusses the GMR effect
* What makes multilayers interesting and useful?
* What are the latest discoveries in this field?
* Simple insights in to the physics behind multilayers
* Novel concepts at small length scales
* Theoretical and experimental background