Methods of the Physics of Porous Media
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Table of contents
- Cover
- Copyright Pageiv
- CONTENTSv
- Contributorsxi
- Volumes in Seriesxiii
- Prefacexvii
- Chapter 1. Digital Images and Computer Modeling1
- 1.1. Introduction to Porous Materials and Digital Images1
- 1.2. Geometrical and Topological Analysis6
- 1.3. Computing Material Properties from Images15
- 1.4. Creating Isotropic 3-D Structures from 2-D Images26
- 1.5. Microstructure Models in Three Dimensions28
- References36
- Chapter 2. Visualization of Flow Patterns in 2-D Model Networks43
- 2.1. Visualization Tools43
- 2.2. Capillary Displacements47
- 2.3. Tracer Dispersion60
- 2.4. Three-phase Flow61
- 2.5. Critical Flows63
- 2.6. Flow in Fractured Media65
- 2.7. Foam Flow in Porous Media65
- 2.8. Conclusion65
- References66
- Chapter 3. Probing Pore Structures by Sorption Isotherms and Mercury Porosimetry69
- 3.1. Introduction69
- 3.2. Background71
- 3.3. Probing Pore Surfaces80
- 3.4. Probing Porous Media90
- 3.5. Conclusions112
- References113
- Chapter 4. Conductivity, Permeability, and Electrokinetics119
- 4.1. Introduction119
- 4.2. Electrical Conductivity122
- 4.3. Hydraulic Permeability133
- 4.4. Electrokinetics141
- 4.5. Multiphase Systems150
- References155
- Chapter 5. Acoustics and Ultrasonics161
- 5.1. The Role of Acoustics in Characterizing Porous Media161
- 5.2. Review of Acoustic Wave Propagation163
- 5.3. Acoustic Wave Propagation in Fluid-Saturated Porous Materials170
- 5.4. Summary215
- References216
- Chapter 6. Small-Angle Scattering from Porous Materials223
- 6.1. Introduction223
- 6.2. Experimental Methods226
- 6.3. Scattering from Porous Media230
- 6.4. Scattering from Fractal Systems240
- 6.5. Small-Angle Scattering Studies of Fluids Confined in Porous Media245
- 6.6. Conclusion254
- Appendix A255
- Appendix B257
- References259
- Chapter 7. Light Scattering and Other Optical Methods263
- 7.1. Introduction263
- 7.2. Dynamic Light Scattering265
- 7.3. Fluorescence Recovery after Photobleaching276
- 7.4. Forced Rayleigh Scattering284
- 7.5. Diffusing-Wave Spectroscopy289
- 7.6. Other Optical Methods293
- References297
- Chapter 8. X-Ray Imaging301
- 8.1. Introduction301
- 8.2. Nature and Attenuation of X Rays302
- 8.3. X-Ray Profile Measurement304
- 8.4. Digital Radiographic Imaging305
- 8.5. Computed Tomography Imaging305
- 8.6. X-Ray Imaging Techniques309
- 8.7. Applications of X-Ray Imaging316
- 8.8. Ultra-High-Resolution CT329
- 8.9. Summary332
- References332
- Chapter 9. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance337
- 9.1. Introduction337
- 9.2. NMR Relaxation338
- 9.3. NMR Properties Peculiar to Porous Media340
- 9.4. Pore Size Distribution347
- 9.5. Determination of Surface Relaxivity351
- 9.6. Multiexponential Decay Signal Processing357
- 9.7. NMR Porosity361
- 9.8. Materials Processing Applications363
- 9.9. Petrophysical Applications366
- 9.10. Instrumental Requirements371
- 9.11. Inside-Out NMR373
- 9.12. Conclusion376
- References377
- Chapter 10. NMR Imaging of Fluids and Flow in Porous Media387
- 10.1. Introduction387
- 10.2. Imaging in Porous Media388
- 10.3. Applications415
- References421
- Chapter 11. Acoustical and Electrical Methods for the Study of Fluid Mixing in Porous Media425
- 11.1. Static Mixing and Tracer Dispersion in Porous Media: An Introduction425
- 11.2. Mechanisms of Miscible Mixing430
- 11.3. Experimental Techniques for Studying Dispersion at Microscopic Scale433
- 11.4. Experimental Techniques for Analyzing Dispersion in Large-Scale Heterogeneities447
- 11.5. Experimental Analysis of Anomalous Dispersion and Finite Size Effects455
- 11.6. Mapping of Miscible Fluid Flow with Viscosity and Density Contrasts466
- 11.7. Discussion and Conclusions470
- References472
- Index477
Over the past 25 years, the field of VUV physics has undergone significant developments as new powerful spectroscopic tools, VUV lasers, and optical components have become available. This volume is aimed at experimentalists who are in need of choosing the best type of modern instrumentation in this applied field. In particular, it contains a detailed chapter on laboratory sources.
This volume provides an up-to-date description of state-of-the-art equipment and techniques, and a broad reference bibliography. It treats phenomena from the standpoint of an experimental physicist, whereby such topics as imaging techniques (NMR, X-ray, ultrasonic, etc.) computer modeling, eletro-kinetic phenomena, diffusion, non-linear wave propagation surface adsorption/desorption, convective mixing, and fracture are specifically addressed.
This volume provides an up-to-date description of state-of-the-art equipment and techniques, and a broad reference bibliography. It treats phenomena from the standpoint of an experimental physicist, whereby such topics as imaging techniques (NMR, X-ray, ultrasonic, etc.) computer modeling, eletro-kinetic phenomena, diffusion, non-linear wave propagation surface adsorption/desorption, convective mixing, and fracture are specifically addressed.