Models of Brain and Mind: Physical, Computational and Psychological Approaches
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Table of contents
- Cover
- Contentsix
- List of contributorsv
- Prefacevii
- Chapter 1. How to separate conceptual issues from empirical ones in the study of consciousness1
- What are the problems of consciousness?1
- Problems of definition3
- To what does the term ‘‘consciousness’’ refer?5
- Conceptual problems surrounding the function of consciousness and the causal interaction of consciou6
- Further problems with conscious causation7
- How can one make sense of conscious causation?8
- Conclusion8
- References9
- Chapter 2. The disunity of consciousness11
- Functional specialization in the visual brain11
- Processing sites are also perceptual sites12
- The asynchrony and temporal hierarchy of visual perception13
- Binding and macro-consciousnesses15
- Three levels of hierarchies in consciousness16
- Acknowledgements17
- References17
- Chapter 3. Consciousness: the radical plasticity thesis19
- The radical plasticity thesis23
- A learning-based account of consciousness24
- Metarepresentation30
- Conclusion31
- Acknowledgments31
- References31
- Chapter 4. A higher order Bayesian decision theory of consciousness35
- Introduction35
- Signal detection theory36
- Criterion setting and maintenance reflect consciousness37
- Optimal criterion setting and its failure39
- Misrepresentations40
- Ambiguity41
- Dynamic fluctuation42
- Empirical support43
- Philosophical issues and final remarks46
- Acknowledgments47
- References47
- Chapter 5. Subjective measures of unconscious knowledge49
- Philosophical basis of subjective measures50
- The guessing and zero-correlation criteria52
- The problem of bias53
- Types of confidence scales57
- Judgment versus structural knowledge59
- Controlling the use of knowledge62
- Conclusion63
- References63
- Chapter 6. Interdependence of attention and consciousness65
- Introduction65
- Relationship between attention and consciousness67
- Is consciousness necessary for attention?69
- Is attention necessary or sufficient for consciousness?69
- Concluding remarks73
- References73
- Chapter 7. Computational studies of consciousness77
- Introduction and overview77
- Some history and those involved78
- The aims of computational models of consciousness79
- The challenge of phenomenology: is there a hard problem?79
- Depiction: the key mechanism for conscious representation80
- Current perspectives on five axioms81
- The mechanistic use of the axioms: the kernel architecture82
- The kernel architecture and visual awareness85
- Unstable vision86
- Is an organism conscious?88
- Animal consciousness88
- Higher order thought89
- The kernel architecture, experience, sleep and dreaming89
- Application to machines90
- Summary and conclusions91
- Appendix: the digital neuron92
- References92
- Chapter 8. Identification of neuroanatomical substrates of set-shifting ability: evidence from patie95
- Introduction96
- Methodology97
- Results98
- Discussion100
- Conclusion102
- References102
- Chapter 9. Thinking is believing105
- Introduction105
- Preliminaries106
- Beliefs and stories109
- Stories109
- Partial order of contexts111
- Acceptability and such112
- Summary114
- References114
- Chapter 10. The emergence of mind and brain: an evolutionary, computational, and philosophical appro115
- From linear to nonlinear dynamics115
- Self-organization and emergence in evolution118
- Self-organization and emergence of brain and mind121
- Self-organization and emergence of computational systems124
- Perspectives of modeling and computing with complex dynamical systems129
- References132
- Chapter 11. Dynamic geometry, brain function modeling, and consciousness133
- Introduction134
- Brain function from a modern perspective135
- Functional geometry and the central nervous system137
- Fluctuating metric and dynamic geometry138
- The dream state and probabilistic geometry142
- Implications143
- Acknowledgments143
- References143
- Chapter 12. Understanding the mind of a worm: hierarchical network structure underlying nervous syst145
- Introduction145
- Materials and methods147
- Results149
- Conclusions152
- References152
- Chapter 13. Neural network modeling155
- Introduction155
- Hopfield model of associative memory156
- Relaxation studies in the Hopfield model157
- Growth of correlations in the Hopfield model158
- Extended memory and faster retrieval with delay dynamics159
- Simulations and numerical results: Hopfield and Little models159
- Summary164
- Acknowledgment164
- Appendix: A spin glass model with asymmetric interactions164
- References168
- Chapter 14. A simple Hopfield-like cellular network model of plant intelligence169
- Introduction169
- The I–V characteristics of cell membranes170
- The plant intelligence model171
- Replica symmetric analysis171
- Phase diagrams172
- Concluding remarks173
- Acknowledgments174
- References174
- Chapter 15. Retinomorphic image processing175
- Introduction175
- Modified model177
- Low-level brightness–contrast illusions178
- Extension ECRF model in derivative form182
- Hardware implementation of ECRF filter188
- Conclusion189
- References190
- Chapter 16. Modeling the sub-cellular signaling pathways involved in reinforcement learning at the s193
- Computational models of neural systems193
- Modeling the signaling pathways194
- Introduction to GENESIS/Kinetikit198
- A case study of modeling at the sub-cellular level199
- Conclusions204
- Abbreviations204
- References205
- Chapter 17. Rhythmic structure of Hindi and English: new insights from a computational analysis207
- Introduction207
- Materials and methods208
- Methods of analysis209
- Results209
- Discussion210
- Acknowledgments213
- References214
- Chapter 18. Empirical perspectives from the self-model theory of subjectivity: a brief summary with215
- SMT: what is the self-model theory of subjectivity?215
- Step one: what exactly is the problem?216
- Step two: the self-model218
- Step three: a representationalist analysis of the three target properties225
- Step four: the bodily self as a functional anchor of phenomenal space235
- Step five: autoepistemic closure „ transparency and the naš¨ ve-realistic self-misunderstanding236
- Step six: the PMIR „ the phenomenal model of the intentionality relation238
- Acknowledgment243
- References243
- Chapter 19. Vipassana: the Buddha’s tool to probe mind and body247
- Introduction247
- Vipassana248
- Awareness of body250
- Awareness of sensations250
- Awareness of mind (Citta) and mental contents (Cetasikas)251
- Conclusion252
- References252
- Chapter 20. Buddha and the bridging relations255
- Introduction255
- The stream of consciousness and its contents256
- Resultants, life continuum and pathways257
- Conditional relations259
- Chitta to chitta259
- Chitta to cetasiks260
- Chitta, cetasik to rupa260
- Conclusion261
- Acknowledgments261
- References261
- Subject Index263
- Color Plate Section267
The phenomenon of consciousness has always been a central question for philosophers and scientists. Emerging in the past decade are new approaches to the understanding of consciousness in a scientific light. This book presents a series of essays by leading thinkers giving an account of the current ideas prevalent in the scientific study of consciousness. The value of the book lies in the discussion of this interesting though complex subject from different points of view ranging from physics and computer science to the cognitive sciences. Reviews of controversial ideas related to the philosophy of mind from western and eastern sources including classical Indian first person methodologies provide a breadth of coverage that has seldom been attempted in a book before. Additionally, chapters relating to the new approaches in computational modeling of higher order cognitive function and consciousness are included. The book is of great value for established as well as young researchers from a wide cross-section of interdisciplinary scientific backgrounds, aiming to pursue research in this field, as well as an informed public.
* Presents the latest developments in the scientific study of consciousness
* Critically reviews different theoretical and philosophical explanations related to the subject
* An important book for both students and researchers in designing research projects on consciousness
* Presents the latest developments in the scientific study of consciousness
* Critically reviews different theoretical and philosophical explanations related to the subject
* An important book for both students and researchers in designing research projects on consciousness