Elsevier S & T

Mouse Development: Patterning, Morphogenesis, and Organogenesis

Rossant, Janet; Tam, Patrick T.

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Table of contents

Cover
Contentsvii
Contributorsxiii
About the Editorsxvii
Part I: Establishment of Body Patterns1
Chapter 1. Fertilization and Activation of the Embryonic Genome5
I. Introduction5
II. Oogenesis6
III. Meiosis and the Beginning of Oocyte Asymmetry7
IV. Fertilization8
V. Transcription andlts Control8
VI. mRNA Utilization during Oocyte Maturation and Preimplantation Development10
VII. Gene Expression in the Early Mouse Embryo11
VIII. Functional Analysis13
References15
Chapter 2. Asymmetry and Prepattern in Mammalian Development21
I. Introduction21
II. Asymmetries in Early Development23
III. Asymmetry of the Blastocyst27
IV. Specification of the Polarity of the Anterior-Posterior Axis of the Fetus?29
V. Conclusions32
References33
Chapter 3. Anterior Posterior Patterning of the Mouse Body Axis at Gastrulation37
I. Introduction37
II. Gastrulation38
III. The Node: Morphogenesis, Cell Fate, and Cell Movement38
IV. The Organizer Phenomenon: Conserved Properties of Vertebrate Organizers40
V. The Vertebrate Organizer is a Dynamic, Nonhomogeneous, and Renewable Cell Population at Gastrulat40
VI. Insights into the Function of the Mouse Organizer Gained from Genetic and Embryological Studies41
VII. Genetic Analysis of Organizer Function: Mouse Mutants Showing Defects in Organizer Function42
VIII. Inhibitory Signals Secreted by the Organizer and Its Derivatives44
IX. Specification of the Primitive Streak and the Organizer44
X. Role of the AVE in Anterior Patterning in Mouse45
XI. Embryological and Genetic Analysis of the Function of the AVE in Anterior Patterning46
XII. A Model for AVE Function in Anterior Patterning47
XIII. Conclusions and Future Directions48
References49
Chapter 4. Left-Right Asymmetry55
I. Introduction55
II. Morphological Left-Right Asymmetries56
III. Genetic/Molecular Pathway Governing Left- Right Determination58
IV. Molecular Readout of the First Asymmetry61
V. Role of the Midline64
VI. Readout of Left-Right Asymmetry in Later Development65
VII. Miscellaneous Mutations/ Gene Factors67
VIII. Diversity among Vertebrates68
IX. Future Challenges69
References70
Chapter 5. Patterning, Regionalization, and Cell Differentiation in the Forebrain75
I. Organization of the Forebrain75
II. Early Patterning and Regional Specification of the Forebrain78
III. Morphogenetic Mechanisms in the Forebrain85
IV. Control of Neurogenesis and Cell-Type Specification in the Forebrain87
References97
Chapter 6. Establishment of Anterior-Posterior and Dorsal-Ventral Pattern in the Early Central Nervo107
I. Overview of Early CNS Development and Patterning107
II. Anterior-Posterior Patterning of the Mesencephalon and Metencephalon110
III. Hindbrain Anterior-Posterior Patterning Involves Segmental Units of Development117
IV. CNS Dorsal-Ventral Patterning Involves a Tug of War between Dorsal and Ventral Signaling120
V. Summary122
References122
Chapter 7. Somitogenesis: Segmentation of the Paraxiai Mesoderm and the Delineation of Tissue Compar127
I. Overview of Somite Development127
II. Allocation of Progenitor Cells to the Paraxial Mesoderm132
III. Cells Are in Transit in the Presomitic Mesoderm132
IV. Regionalized Genetic Activity Points to a Prepattern of Prospective Somites133
V. Emergence of Anterior-Posterior Somite Compartments134
VI. Role of Notch Signaling in the Establishment of Somite Borders and Anterior-Posterior Polarity134
VII. A Molecular Clock Operates in the Paraxial Mesoderm to Control the Kinetics of Somite Formatio138
VIII. Specification of Lineage Compartments by Inductive Interactions139
IX. Summary and Open Questions142
References144
Part II: Lineage Specification and Differentiation151
Chapter 8. Extraembryonic Lineages155
I. Introduction155
II. Early Development of the Trophoblast and Primitive Endoderm Lineages156
III. Cell Lineage Analysis and the Extraembryonic Lineages156
IV. Setting Aside the Blastocyst Lineages158
V. Molecular Specification of the Blastocyst Cell Lineages159
VI. Differentiation of the Yolk Sacs161
VII. Morphogenetic Events in Development of the Chorioallantoic Placenta161
VIII. Comparative Aspects of Development of Extraembryonic Membranes162
IX. Molecular Control of Primitive Endoderm Development164
X. Signaling Pathways in Early Trophoblast Development166
XI. Control of Spongiotrophoblast and Giant Cell Fate168
XII. Trophoblast Giant Cell Development: Gene Pathways and Control of Endoreduplication169
XIII. Initiating Chorioallantroic Fusion170
XIV. Gcm 1 Regulates the Initiation of Chorioallantoic Branching170
XV. Growth Factor Signaling Regulates Branching Morphogenesis of the Labyrinth171
XVI. Placental Development and Pregnancy Complications173
References174
Chapter 9. Germ Cells181
I. General Concepts181
II. Early Appearance of Germ Cells in the Mouse182
III. Specification of Germ Cells in the Mouse183
IV. Migration of Germ Cells185
V. Motility of Germ Cells185
VI. Guidance of Germ Cell Migration186
VII. Adhesive Behavior of Germ Cells during Migration187
VIII. Survival and Proliferation of Germ Cells during Migration188
References189
Chapter 10. Development of the Vertebrate Hematopoietic System191
I. Introduction191
II. Cellular Aspects of Blood Development in the Mouse Embryo192
III. Molecular Genetic Aspects of Blood Development in the Mouse Embryo202
IV. Current Cellular and Molecular Conceptual Frameworks for Hematopoietic Ontogeny205
V. Future Directions206
References206
Chapter 11. Vasculogenesis and Angiogenesis211
I. Introduction211
II. Overview of Vascular Development211
III. Generation of Endothelial Cells212
IV. Vascular Morphogenesis220
V. Concluding Remarks228
References228
Chapter 12. Stem Cells of the Nervous System235
I. Introduction235
II. Lineage Determination of Neural Stem Cells237
III. Do Stem Cells Retain Broad or Narrow Neuronal Potentials?241
IV. Regulation of Neural Stem Cell Self-Renewal242
V. Differences between Hematopoietic Stem Cells and Neural Stem Cells243
VI. In Vivo Function of Neural Stem Cells244
VII. Surprising Potential of Neural Stem Cells245
VIII. Are Neural Stem Cells Involved in Disease?246
IX. Outstanding Issues248
References248
Chapter 13. Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms Regulating Skeletal Muscle Development253
I. Introduction253
II. Embryonic Origin of Skeletal Muscle254
III. MyoD Family of Myogenic Regulatory Factors256
IV. Muscle-Specific Transcriptional Regulation262
V. Inductive Mechanisms of Myogenesis262
VI. Specification of Muscle Fiber Types268
VII. Muscle Regeneration269
VIII. Conclusion272
References272
Chapter 14. Deconstructing the Molecular Biology of Cartilage and Bone Formation279
I. Introduction279
II. Sox Transcription Factors: Essential Roles in the Chondrocyte Differentiation Program281
III. Parathyroid Hormone-Related Peptide (PTHrP) and Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)/PTHrP Receptor: Gatek284
IV. FGFs and FGF Receptor 3: Counterintuitive Inhibitors of Chondrocyte Proliferation286
V. Ihh: A Central Coordinator of Endochondral Bone Formation287
VI. The Two Roles of the Transcription Factor Cbfal in Endochondral Bone Formation288
VII. Other Transcription Factors Involved in Bone Formation290
VIII. Gelatinase B and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor: Additional Coordinators of Endochondrat B290
IX. Conclusion291
References292
Part III: Organogenesis297
Chapter 15. Development of the Endoderm and Its Tissue Derivatives301
I. Introduction and Overview301
II. Endoderm Development prior to Organogenesis302
III. Patterning and Differentiation of the Digestive Tract307
IV. Development of Tissues That Bud from the Endoderm310
V. Perspectives and Remaining Issues on Organogenesis from the Endoderm322
References322
Chapter 16. Molecular Determinants of Cardiac Development and Congenital Disease331
I. Introduction332
II. Overview of Heart Structure and Development332
III. A Conserved Pathway for Cardiac Induction and Morphogenesis334
IV. Cardiac Induction: The Role of Endoderm334
V. Bone Morphogenetic Proteins as Cardiac Inducing Molecules336
VI. Other Factors Involved in Cardiac Induction336
VII. A Role for Anterior Visceral Endoderm in Cardiac Induction in the Mouse?338
VIII. The Heart Morphogenetic Field339
IX. The Size and Shape of the Heart Field339
X. The Timing and Stability of Cardiac Induction340
XI. Migration of Cardiac Precursors340
XII. Cellular Proliferation and Death in the Forming Heart341
XIII. Cardiac Myogenesis341
XIV. Modulation of Myogenesis in Heart Chambers343
XV. Regionality in the Developing Heart343
XVI. Plasticity of Heart Regionalization344
XVII. The Segmental Model of Cardiac Morphogenesis344
XVIII. An Inflow/Outflow Model of Early Heart Tube Patterning345
XIX. A Role for Retinoic Acid Signaling in Inflow/ Outflow Patterning346
XX. A Role for the Delta/Notch Pathway in Primary Heart Patterning347
XXI. Cardiac Chamber Formation347
XXII. Ventricular Specification: Knock-Out and Transgenic Phenotypes348
XXIII. Transcriptional Circuits Acting in Chamber Formation351
XXIV. The Cardiac Left-Right Axis351
XXV. Developmental Pathways and Congenital Heart Disease356
XXVI. Horizons357
References358
Chapter 17. Sex Determination and Differentiation371
I. Introduction371
II. Gonad Development372
III. Sex Determination376
IV. Testis Differentiation380
V. Cell Movement and Proliferation in the Early Gonad382
VI. Ovary Differentiation384
VII. Sexual Development384
VIII. Evolution and Sex Determination386
IX. Conclusion388
References389
Chapter 18. Development of the Excretory System395
I. Introduction395
II. Patterning of the Intermediate Mesoderm396
III. Growth of the Nephric Duct and Ureteric Bud Diverticulum400
IV. Inductive Interactions404
V. Mesenchyme-to-Epithelial Conversion407
VI. Glomerular Development and Vascularization412
VII. Developmental Basis of Human Renal Disease414
VIII. Future Perspectives416
References416
Chapter 19. Craniofacial Development421
I. Introduction421
II. Primordial Cells of the Head422
III. Organ Development433
IV. Conclusion454
V. Appendix 1: Descriptive Dental Development454
Vi. Appendix 2: Morphological Organization of the Murine Skull456
VII. Appendix 3: Molecular Regulators of Craniofacial Pattern and Development465
References481
Chapter 20. Pituitary Gland Development499
I. Pituitary Gland Anatomy and Function499
II. Development of the Pituitary Primordia and Cell Specification500
III. Expansion of Committed Cell Types510
IV. Conclusion512
References513
Chapter 21. Development of the Eye519
I. Overview of Eye Development519
II. Development of the Retina521
III. Lens Development528
IV. Conservation and Divergence of the Transcriptional Regulatory Systems in the Eye Development533
References535
Chapter 22. Development of the Mouse Inner Ear539
I. introduction539
II. Anatomy of the Inner Ear540
III. Development of the Inner Ear541
IV. Early Development of the Otic Blacode and Otocyst542
V. Pattern Formation in the Inner Ear546
VI. Sensory Differentiation552
VII. Neurogenesis558
VIII. The Stria Vascularis559
IX. Future Directions560
References561
Chapter 23. Integumentary Structures567
I. Introduction567
II. Mature Skin569
III. Non-Neural Embryonic Ectoderm570
IV. Stratification571
V. Dermal Development572
VI. Epidermal Appendage Morphogenesis574
VII. Model for Follicle Formation: The First Dermal Signal574
VIII. Follicle Spacing577
IX. Follicle Morphogenesis and Differentiation578
X. Follicle Morphogenesis and Follicle Cycling578
XI. Molecular Parallels between Skin Tumorigenesis and Skin Development579
XII. Early Terminal Differentiation579
XIII. Regulation of Transit to Late Stages of Terminal Differentiation580
XIV. Late Terminal Differentiation: Formation of Stratum Corneum and Skin Barrier581
XV. Periderm Disaggregation583
XVI. Conclusions and Future Directions584
References584
Author Index591
Subject Index691

Book details

Vendor Elsevier S & T
SKU 9780125979511
ISBN-13 9780080537030
Author Rossant, Janet; Tam, Patrick T.
Category Medical
Subject Research

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This book represents a classic compilation of current knowledge about mouse development and its correlates to research in cell biology, molecular biology, genetics, and neuroscience. Emphasis is placed on the research strategy, experimental design, and critical analysis of the data, disguishing this from other books that only focus on protocols for mouse developmental research. Selected chapters are indexed to electronic databases such as GeneBank, GenBank, Electronic Mouse Atlas, and Transgenic/Knockout, further increasing the utility of this book as a reference.

*Broad-based overview of mouse development from fundamental to specialist levels
*Extensive coverage of a wide range of developmental mutations of the mouse
*Excellent benchmark illustrations of brain, craniofacial, gut and heart development
*In-depth experiment-based assessment of concepts in mammalian development
*Focus on models of specific relevance to human development
*Comprehensive reference to key literature and electronic databases related to mouse development
*High-quality full-color production

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