Elsevier S & T

Natural Gas Conversion IV

de Pontes, M.; Espinoza, R.L.; Nicolaides, C.P.; Scholtz, J.H.; Scurrell, M.S.

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Table of contents

Table of Contentsv
Prefacexv
Organising and Advisory Committeexvii
Financial Supportxviii
PART 1: SYNTHESIS OF ALCOHOLS AND OTHER OXYGENATES1
Chapter 1. The Use of a Jet-Stirred Continuously Stirred Tank Reactor (CSTR) to Study the Homogeneou3
Chapter 2. Synthesis of Alcohols from Syngas Over Ni-Based Catalyst: Comparison with the Hydroformyl9
Chapter 3. Zirconia Modified Ru/Al2O3 Catalysts for the Synthesis of Oxygenated Products from Syngas15
Chapter 4. Partial Oxidation of Methane to Formaldehyde on Bulk and Silica Supported M0O3 and V2O5 C23
Chapter 5. Methanol Synthesis from CO2/H2 Over Pd-Promoted Cu/ZnO/Al2O3 Catalysts: Kinetics and Deac29
Chapter 6. About the Mechanism of Methanol Synthesis35
Chapter 7. A Novel Approach to the Scientific Design of Oxide Catalysts for the Partial Oxidation of41
Chapter 8. Higher Alcohol Synthesis on Iron-Copper-Molybdenum Containing Catalysts47
Chapter 9. Links between Reaction Intermediates, Activity and/or Selectivity in Syngas Chemistry55
Chapter 10. Low Temperature Direct Oxidation of Methane to Methanol63
Chapter 11. Copper-Cobalt Catalysts for Higher Alcohols Synthesis from Syngas67
Chapter 12. Custom Made Catalysts for Low Pressure Methanol Synthesis73
PART 2: ECONOMICS AND INDUSTRIAL PROCESSES79
Chapter 13. Keys to Methane Conversion Technologies81
Chapter 14. Economic Route for Natural Gas Conversion to Ethylene and Propylene87
Chapter 15. Large-Scale Production of Alternative Synthetic Fuels from Natural Gas99
Chapter 16. Dimethyl Ether: A Fuel for the 21st Century117
Chapter 17. SOFC Based on Supported Thick-Film Ce(Gd)O2-X Electrolytes127
Chapter 18. Use of Natural Gas in a Catalytic Radiant Burner for Low-Emission Heat Production133
Chapter 19. Ethermix Process: Synthesis of Ethers from CO/H2139
Chapter 20. A Technical and Economic Comparison of Natural Gas and Coal Feedstocks for Fischer-Trops145
PART 3: FISCHER-TROPSCH151
Chapter 21. Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis on Cobalt Catalysts: Structural Requirements and Reaction Path153
Chapter 22. Activity and Selectivity of Iron Fischer-Tropsch Catalysts in a Stirred Tank Slurry Reac163
Chapter 23. The Role of Catalyst Activation on the Activity and Attrition of Precipitated Iron Fisch169
Chapter 24. Role of CO2 Oxygenates and Alkenes in the Initiation of Chain Growth During the Fischer-175
Chapter 25. Kinetic Analysis of Slurry Phase Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis181
Chapter 26. Drifts Studies on Co/TiO2 Fischer-Tropsch Catalysts187
Chapter 27. Effect of Water Partial Pressure on Steady State Fischer-Tropsch Activity and Selectivit193
Chapter 28. Potassium-Promoted Titania-Supported Nickel-Iron Catalysts for Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis201
Chapter 29. Cobalt as an Alternative Fischer-Tropsch Catalyst to Iron for the Production of Middle D207
Chapter 30. Selection, Design and Scale up of the Fischer-Tropsch Reactor213
Chapter 31. Developments in Fischer-Tropsch Technology219
Chapter 32. Cobalt on Tungsten-Modified Alumina Catalysts for Olefin Synthesis225
Chapter 33. Hydrogenation of CO and CO2 with K and Mn Promoted Iron Catalysts231
Chapter 34. Reoxidation of Supported Cobalt Fischer-Tropsch Catalysts237
Chapter 35. Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis:Drifts and SIMS Surface Investigation of Co and Co/Ru on Titan243
Chapter 36. Nascent Characteristics of Cobalt-Based Fischer-Tropsch Catalysts249
PART 4: NOVEL METHANE REACTIONS255
Chapter 37. The Conversion of Methane to Benzene Over Mo/ZSM-5 Zeolites in the Absence of an Oxidant257
Chapter 38. Methane Homologation on Co Supported Catalysts263
Chapter 39. Methane to Vinyl Chloride by "Chloro-Pyrolysis" of Methyl Chloride269
Chapter 40. Palladium-Catalyzed Acetic Acid Synthesis from Methane and Carbon Dioxide275
Chapter 41. Formation of Ethane and Ethylene by the Reaction of Methane and Carbon Dioxide Over Unsu279
Chapter 42. Reaction Characterisation and Mechanism for the Selective Reduction of Nitrogen Oxides b285
PART 5: OXIDATIVE COUPLING291
Chapter 43. Beneficial Effects of Inorganic Chlorine Grafting on Sm2Sn2O7, Pyrochlore During Oxidati293
Chapter 44. Direct Oxidative Conversion of Methane into Higher Hydrocarbons and Oxy-Products in the301
Chapter 45. Oxidative Coupling of Methane to Ethylene with 85% Yield in a Gas Recycle Electrocatalyt307
Chapter 46. Methane Oxidative Coupling Over Metallo Oxide Catalysts313
Chapter 47. Oxidative Coupling of Methane Over Natural Calcium Compounds in Fixed and Fluidized-Bed319
Chapter 48. Methane Oxidative Coupling Using Porous Ceramic Membrane Reactors. Effect of an Increase325
Chapter 49. Comparative Study on Low Temperature Methane Activation Over Cobalt and Ruthenium Suppor333
Chapter 50. A Reaction-Separation Combined OCM Process for High C2 Hydrocarbon Yields339
Chapter 51. Structure Sensitivity of Oxidative Coupling of Methane and Dehydrogenation of Ethane Ove345
Chapter 52. Kinetic Limit of C2 Hydrocarbons Yield at Gas-Phase Oxidative Coupling of Methane351
Chapter 53. Measurement of Kinetic Isotope Effects Over Methane Coupling Catalysts in the Presence o355
Chapter 54. Oxidative Dehydrogenation of Ethane at Low Temperature Over Nickel Catalysts: Influence361
Chapter 55. Dehydrogenative Coupling of Methane in Thermal Diffusion Reactor with Platinum Impregnat367
Chapter 56. Oxidative Coupling of Methane Over Li/Sn/Mgo Catalysts. Use of a Fluidized Bed Reactor a373
Chapter 57. Oxidative Coupling of Methane by Water379
Chapter 58. Effect of Gas Phase Reactions in the Oxidative Coupling of Methane383
Chapter 59. Oxidative Methane Coupling. Prospects and Conceptual Design for Co-Generation of Olefins389
PART 6: PARTIAL OXIDATION395
Chapter 60. Hydrogen Production on Nickel-Monolith Structures by Partial Oxidation of Methane at Hig397
Chapter 61. New Highly Active Catalysts in Direct Partial Oxidation of Methane to Synthesis Gas403
Chapter 62. Development of Dense Ceramic Membranes for Methane Conversion409
Chapter 63. Partial Oxidation of Methane to Synthesis Gas - Experimental and Modelling Studies415
Chapter 64. Catalytic Partial Oxidation of Methane to Synthesis Gas -Catalysis and Reaction Engineer421
Chapter 65. Syngas Production by Partial Oxidation of Methane: Dependence of Reactivity on Catalyst429
Chapter 66. Partial Oxidation of Methane to Synthesis Gas Over Supported Ruthenium Catalysts435
Chapter 67. Partial Oxidation of Methane to Syngas Over Ni-Loaded Ultrastable HY Zeolite Catalysts441
Chapter 68. Partial Oxidation of Methane Over Nickel- and Cobalt-Based Catalysts447
Chapter 69. Internal and External Transport Effects During the Oxidative Reforming of Methane on a C455
Chapter 70. High Yield Syngas Formation by Partial Oxidation of Methane Over Co-Alumina Catalysts461
Chapter 71. Effect of La2O3 Added to NiO/Al2O3 Catalyst on Partial Oxidation of Methane to Syngas467
Chapter 72. The Role of Catalysis in the Conversion of Natural Gas for Power Generation473
PART 7: REFORMING489
Chapter 73. A Comparison of Nickel and Rhodium Catalysts for the Reforming of Methane by Carbon Diox491
Chapter 74. The Influence of Rare Earth Oxides on Ni/Al2O3 Catalysts During CO2 Reforming of CH4497
Chapter 75. Studies on Ni/Al2O3 Catalyst for CO2 Reforming of Ch4 to Synthesis Gas - A Combined Rese503
Chapter 76. Performance of Ni/La2O3 Catalyst in Carbon Dioxide Reforming of Methane to Synthesis Gas511
Chapter 77. A New Route to Syngas - Combined Conversion of Carbon Dioxide and Ethane on Zeolites517
Chapter 78. Reaction of CH4 with CO2 and H2O Over Supported Ir Catalyst525
Chapter 79. The Production of Synthesis Gas by the Redox of Cerium Oxide531
Chapter 80. The Development of Platinum-Zirconia Catalysts for the CO2 Reforming of Methane537
Chapter 81. Low-Temperature Syngas Formation by CO2 Reforming of Methane in a Hydrogen-Permselective547
Chapter 82. CO2 Reforming of Methane in a Membrane Reactor555
Chapter 83. Membrane Reactors - A New Technology for Production of Synthesis Gas by Steam Reforming561
Chapter 84. A Gas Fired Heat-Pipe Reformer for Small-Scale Hydrogen Production567
AUTHOR INDEX573

Book details

Vendor Elsevier S & T
SKU 9780444823526
ISBN-13 9780080537320
Author de Pontes, M.; Espinoza, R.L.; Nicolaides, C.P.; Scholtz, J.H.; Scurrell, M.S.
Category Science
Subject Energy

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The Fourth International Natural Gas Conversion Symposium was attended by 180 delegates from 25 countries. Representation was evenly balanced between industry and academia. The opening address was delivered by Mr Roy Pithey, Chairman of South Africa's Central Energy Fund, who dealt with the importance and utilisation of natural gas in sub-Saharan Africa. Plenary lectures were presented by Professors E. Iglesia (Catalyst design and selectivity for F-T synthesis) and E.E. Wolf (Oxidative Coupling Methane). A number of keynote addresses were delivered:

- Dr T. Fleisch (Amoco) described the use of DME as a transport fuel and the work which has been carried out in this area in collaboration with Haldor Topsoe

- Professor L.D. Schmidt (Univ. of Minnesota) explained his work on the direct conversion of methane at high velocities

- Dr B. Jager (SASTECH R & D) reported on the recent developments in slurry and fluidized bed F-T reactors as SASOL

- Dr J. Rostrup-Nielsen (Haldor Topsoe) discussed the role of catalysis in the conversion of natural gas for power generation.

Areas signalled for further research were: direct conversion of methane to intermediate monomers; methanol conversion to higher alcohols; CO/H2 conversion in a commercially viable route to higher alcohols; and CO/H2 conversion to high quality gasoline. It is obvious that such developments would fit into the energy cycle which has moved from wood, to coal, to oil, to gas, and will most probably move to hydrogen.

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