Elsevier S & T

Neurovirology: Viruses and the Brain: Viruses and the Brain

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Table of contents

Contentsv
Part 1: Basic Models1
Chapter 1. Genetic Determinants of Neurovirulence of Murine Oncornaviruses3
I. Introduction3
II. Clinicopathological Manifestations of Neurovirulent Murine Oncornavirus Infection6
III. Mapping of Viral Determinants of Neurologic Disease8
IV. Viral Sequences that Determine Neuroinvasiveness12
V. Host Factors and Neuroinvasiveness15
VI. Viral Envelope Sequences that Determine Neurotoxicity17
VII. Cell Types Involved in Neurovirulence21
VIII. Envelope Expression in Microglia23
IX. Role of Inflammation25
X. Retroviruses and Multiple Sclerosis27
XI. Concluding Remarks29
References29
Chapter 2. Pseudorabies Virus Neuroinvasiveness: A Window into the Functional Organization of the Br39
I. Viruses and the Nervous System39
II. Neuronal Architecture and Neurotropic Viruses41
III. Importance of Using Well-Characterized Strains of Virus44
IV. Replication and Intracellular Spread of Pseudorabies Virus in the Brain46
V. Brain Defenses and Neuroinvasiveness57
VI. Recombinant Viruses and the Nervous System62
VII. Viral Circuit Analysis: Future Applications65
VIII. Conclusions66
References66
Chapter 3. Neurovirology and Developmental Neurobiology73
I. Introduction73
II. Central Nervous System Development74
III. Virus Replication79
IV. Alphavirus Infections as Examples of Age-Related Neurovirulence82
V. Virus Infections of Developing Nervous System97
VI. Other Important Infections of the Developing Human Central Nervous System105
References109
Part 2: Viral Immune Responses in the Central Nervous System125
Chapter 4. Chemokines and Viral Diseases of the Central Nervous System127
I. Introduction127
II. Chemokines and their Receptors: An Overview129
III. Chemokines and their Receptors in the Central Nervous System139
IV. Chemokines and their Receptors in Viral Diseases of the Central Nervous System143
V. Concluding Remarks157
References159
Chapter 5. Regulation of T Cell Responses During Central Nervous System Viral Infection175
I. Introduction175
II. Effector Functions of T Cells during CNS Viral Infection176
III. Regulation of T Cell Responses during CNS Viral Infection179
IV. Concluding Remarks192
References194
Chapter 6. Virus-Induced Autoimmunity: Epitope Spreading to Myelin Autoepitopes in Theiler’s Virus199
I. Introduction199
II. Relevance of Murine TMEV-Induced Demyelinating Disease to Human Multiple Sclerosis201
III. TMEV Infection as Model of Persistent Virus-Induced, CD4+ T Cell-Mediated Demyelination201
IV. Virus-Specific CD4+ T Cell Respones Initiate Disease204
V. Myelin-Specific CD4+ T Cell Responses: Pathologic Role in Chronic Theiler’s Virus-Induced Demye204
VI. Myelin Epitope-Specific CD4+ T Cell Responses in TMEV-Infected Mice Arising via Epitope Spreadin208
VII. Endogenous Presentation of Virus and Myelin Epitopes by CNS-Resident Antigen-Presenting C in TM209
VIII. Summary211
References212
Chapter 7. Selection of and Evasion from Cytotoxic T Cell Responses in the Central Nervous System219
I. Objectives of this Review219
II. Introduction220
III. Selection of CTL Escape Mutants in Viral Encephalomyelitis226
IV. Conclusions and Future Directions234
References236
Chapter 8. DNA Immunization and Central Nervous System Viral Infection243
I. Virus Infections of the Central Nervous System244
II. Antiviral Immune Response249
III. Central Nervous System as a Haven for Viruses256
IV. Vaccinating Against Virus-Induced CNS Diseases: An Introduction to Mouse Models258
V. DNA Vaccines and CNS Viral Infections262
References266
Part 3: Spongiform Encephalopathies275
Chapter 9. Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies and Prion Proten Interconversions277
I. Introduction277
II. Tranmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies in Humans and Animals279
III. Prion Protein: Cellular and Molecular Aspects285
IV. Current Issues in TSE Research295
References302
Chapter 10. Spongiform Encephalopathies: Insights from Transgenic Models313
I. Introduction313
II. Transgenic Models for Human Hereditary Prion Diseases317
III. Mice as Transgenic Models319
IV. Structure-Function Studies on PrP Gene322
V. Species Barrier.325
VI. Prion Strains328
VII. Ectopic Expression of PrP in PrnP-Ablated Mice330
VIII. Prions and the Central Nervous System332
IX. Conclusion342
References343
Part 4: HIV: Human Immunodeficiency Virus353
Chapter 11. The Blood–Brain Barrier and AIDS355
I. Introduction355
II. AIDS Dementia versus HIV Encephalitis357
III. Timing of Viral Entry into the CNS360
IV. Mechanisms and Models of Viral Entry360
V. The Central Nervous System as a Viral Reservoir368
VI. Animal Models371
References380
Chapter 12. Neuroimmune and Neurovirological Aspects of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection389
I. Introduction389
II. Clinical Aspects392
III. Virological Aspects399
IV. Neuropathogenesis400
V. Animal Models415
VI. Unanswered Questions417
VII. Summary418
References418
Chapter 13. Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Model of HIV-Induced Central Nervous System Dysfunction435
I. Introduction435
II. Animal Models437
III. Brain Infection445
IV. Host Responses446
V. Chemokines and Their Receptors452
VI. Central Nervous System Dysfunction454
VII. Chemotherapy and Prophylaxis457
VIII. Conclusion458
References459
Chapter 14. Neuroendocrine-Immune Interactions during Viral Infections469
I. Introduction469
II. Hypothalamic–Pituitary–Adrenal (HPA) Axis470
III. Glucocorticoid Induction during Viral Infections: Mechanisms and Signaling Pathways474
IV. Impact of Glucocorticoids on Target Tissues491
V. Role of HPA in Shaping Immune Response during Viral Infection494
VI. Conclusions500
References500
Part 5: Preclinical and Clincal Models515
Chapter 15. Role of Viruses in Etiology and Pathogenesis of Multiple Sclerosis517
I. Introduction517
II. Etiology of Multiple Sclerosis518
III. Viruses in Multiple Sclerosis529
IV. Conclusions543
References544
Chapter 16. Bornavirus Tropism and Targeted Pathogenesis: Virus–Host Interactions in a Neurodevelo557
I. Introduction557
II. Mechanisms for Neurotropism: Phosphorylation of Borna Disease Virus Phosphoprotein by Protien Ki558
III. Mechansisms for BDV Persistence559
IV. Borna Disease Rat Models for Human Central Nervous System Disorders561
V. Summary576
References576
Chapter 17. Paradigms for Behavioral Assessment of Viral Pathogenesis583
I. Introduction583
II. Behavioral Effects of Viral Infection in Rodents585
III. Behavioral Effects of Viral Infection in Nonhuman Primates599
IV. Conclusion617
References618
Index627

Book details

Vendor Elsevier S & T
SKU 9780120398560
ISBN-13 9780080493800

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This volume is the first in a planned series of thematic volumes for Advances in Virus Research. It covers the etiology, pathogenetic mechanisms, and clincial consequences of human neurotropic viruses. Buchmeier is a virologist, Campbell an immunologist, and both are extremely well known in their fields.

Numerous illustrations including colour
Knowledgeable discussion of the potential role of viral infections in teratogenic and developmental disorders.
Frank discussion of the role of stress in disease
Behavioural consequences of chronic CNS infection

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