Nitric Oxide in the Nervous System
Regular price
70.250 KD
inc. VAT
Couldn't load pickup availability
Table of contents
- Cover
- Contentsv
- Contributorsix
- Series Prefacexi
- Prefacexiii
- Chapter 1. Molecular characterization of nitric oxide synthase1
- 1.1 Introduction1
- 1.2 Isolation of NOS2
- 1.3 Molecular cloning3
- 1.4 NOS cofactors6
- 1.5 Physiologic functions for brain NOS10
- Chapter 2. Biochemistry and molecular pharmacology of nitric oxide synthases21
- 2.1 Introduction21
- 2.2 Biochemical properties of NO synthases22
- 2.3 Identification of cofactors25
- 2.4 Mechanisms of NO synthesis26
- 2.5 Regulation of NOS activity31
- 2.6 Molecular pharmacology of NOS inhibition34
- Chapter 3. The NO receptor: characterization and regulation of soluble gnanylyl cyclase43
- 3.1 Introduction43
- 3.2 Primary structure of soluble guanylyl cyclase44
- 3.3 Catalytic activity46
- 3.4 Isoforms47
- 3.5 Regulation48
- Chapter 4. Cyclic GMP receptor proteins: role in nervous system and other tissues51
- 4.1 Cyclic GMP-dependent protein kinases51
- 4.2 Cyclic GMP-regulated ion channels64
- 4.3 Cyclic GMP-regulated phosphodiesterases69
- 4.4 Role of cyclic GMP kinase in the nervous system74
- Chapter 5. Localization of nitric oxide neurons in the central nervous system83
- 5.1 Introduction83
- 5.2 Caveats and cautions84
- 5.3 Localization of NOS in the mammalian central nervous system86
- 5.4 Non-mammalian species93
- 5.5 NOS expression during development and following injury94
- 5.6 Localization of soluble guanylyl cyclase, the NO receptor95
- 5.7 Conclusions96
- Chapter 6. Nitric oxide and excitatory amino acid-coupled signal transduction in the cerebellum and103
- 6.1 Historical background104
- 6.2 Nitric oxide synthase (1.14.23)105
- 6.3 Cerebellum107
- 6.4 Hippocampus115
- 6.5 Conclusions118
- Chapter 7. Nitric oxide signalling, long-term potentiation and long-term depression125
- 7.1 Introduction125
- 7.2 Long-term potentiation, the hippocampus and memory126
- 7.3 Nitric oxide and LTP130
- 7.4 Long-term depression in the hippocampus143
- 7.5 Long-term depression in the cerebellum144
- 7.6 Conclusions147
- Chapter 8. Nitric oxide signalling in the hypothalamus151
- 8.1 Introduction151
- 8.2 NOS in the hypothalamus152
- 8.3 Corticotropin-releasing hormone neurosecretory system152
- 8.4 Luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone neurosecretory system155
- 8.5 Vasopressin neurosecretory system155
- 8.6 Somatostatin release156
- 8.7 Autonomic regulation156
- 8.8 Functional considerations158
- 8.9 Conclusions160
- Chapter 9. Glial cells as nitric oxide sources and targets163
- 9.1 Introduction164
- 9.2 Evidence for a constitutive, calcium-activated nitric oxide synthase in astrocytes165
- 9.3 Induction of NOS in glia in vitro167
- 9.4 Regulation of the inducible NOS in glia172
- 9.5 Induction of NOS in vivo176
- 9.6 Glia as targets for NO183
- 9.7 Summary185
- Chapter 10. Nitric oxide toxicity in neuronal injury and degeneration191
- 10.1 Introduction191
- 10.2 The short half-life of nitric oxide193
- 10.3 Nitric oxide is not highly reactive or toxic194
- 10.4 Nitric oxide and transition metals195
- 10.5 Diffusion of nitric oxide196
- 10.6 Haemoglobin is a major trap for nitric oxide in vivo197
- 10.7 Superoxide in cerebral ischaemic injury197
- 10.8 Peroxynitrite as an oxidant198
- 10.9 The interaction of superoxide and nitric oxide in cerebral ischaemia199
- 10.10 Inhibition of nitric oxide synthesis in cerebral ischaemia200
- 10.11 Superoxide dismutase and cerebral ischaemia200
- 10.12 Superoxide dismutase-catalysed nitration201
- 10.13 Motor neuron disease, superoxide dismutase and peroxynitrite202
- Chapter 11. Nitric oxide and the regulation of cerebral arterial tone207
- 11.1 Introduction207
- 11.2 NO derived from vasodilator nerve208
- 11.3 NO derived from the endothelium217
- 11.4 Conclusion222
- Chapter 12. Nitric oxide in the autonomic and enteric nervous systems227
- 12.1 Discovery of NO-mediated neuroeffector transmission228
- 12.2 Criteria for establishing nitrergic transmission230
- 12.3 Tissues innervated by autonomic nitrergic nerves245
- 12.4 Nitrergic transmission in the gastrointestinal tract250
- 12.5 Mechanisms of nitrergic transmission260
- 12.6 Interactions between NO and other autonomic transmitters267
- 12.7 Concluding remarks268
- Chapter 13. Nitric oxide and the neural regulation of the penis281
- 13.1 Introduction282
- 13.2 Basic mechanisms of penile erection, smooth muscle effectors and haemodynamics282
- 13.3 Efferent nerves284
- 13.4 The debate on the neurotransmission of penile erection and the search for a transmitter286
- 13.5 Nitric oxide as the principal transmitter candidate291
- 13.6 Nitric oxide as likely mediator of cholinergic effects294
- 13.7 Final considerations299
- Index307
The gas nitric oxide (NO) has burst upon neuroscience only recently, and yet it has permeated into almost every avenue of current research. The unique properties of this novel messenger have revolutionized our way ofthinking about neurotransmission. These special properties have also lead neuroscientists to invoke NO to explain many previously unexplained phenomena in neurobiology. Fortunately, the development of numerous pharmacological agents is now allowing thesehypotheses to be tested.
This volume will provide a synopsis of what is now known about NO. How and where NO is produced, how it acts at the molecular level to activate the synthesis of cGMP, and the possible targets of cGMP in the nervous system are reviewed. The roles of theNO/cGMP signal transduction pathway in the central and peripheral nervous systems, in glial cells, and in neuropathology are then explored. Together, these reviews will lead to further work explaining the varied functions of NO.
Key Features
* Describes how and why NO is produced in the nervous system
* Examines all that is known of NOs role as a neurotransmitter
* Explores cellular actions and physiological roles in the brain and peripheral nervous system
Covers NOs molecular synthesis to its role in neuropathology
This volume will provide a synopsis of what is now known about NO. How and where NO is produced, how it acts at the molecular level to activate the synthesis of cGMP, and the possible targets of cGMP in the nervous system are reviewed. The roles of theNO/cGMP signal transduction pathway in the central and peripheral nervous systems, in glial cells, and in neuropathology are then explored. Together, these reviews will lead to further work explaining the varied functions of NO.
Key Features
* Describes how and why NO is produced in the nervous system
* Examines all that is known of NOs role as a neurotransmitter
* Explores cellular actions and physiological roles in the brain and peripheral nervous system
Covers NOs molecular synthesis to its role in neuropathology