Optical Materials
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Table of contents
- Cover
- Contentsvii
- Prefacexiii
- Chapter 1. Wave propagation1
- 1.1 Introduction1
- 1.2 Waves2
- 1.3 The electromagnetic spectrum5
- 1.4 Mathematical waves12
- 1.5 Electromagnetic waves16
- 1.6 Propagation characteristics22
- 1.7 Dispersion25
- 1.8 Kramers–Kronig relations28
- 1.9 Wave–particle duality31
- 1.10 Phonons32
- 1.11 Measurements34
- Appendix 1A. Solution of the wave equation by transform methods45
- Appendix 1B. General solution for propagation vectors48
- Appendix 1C. Kramers„Kronig relations50
- Chapter 2. Optical properties of conductors57
- 2.1 Introduction57
- 2.2 Atomistic view: Drude model61
- 2.3 Plasma frequency68
- 2.4 Band structure in metals69
- 2.5 Coloration in metals75
- 2.6 Coloration by means of small metal particles76
- 2.7 Optical properties of superconductors78
- 2.8 Measurement techniques79
- Appendix 2A. Solution of the Mie theory equations81
- Chapter 3. Optical properties of insulators--Fundamentals85
- 3.1 Introduction85
- 3.2 Harmonic oscillator theory89
- 3.3 Selection rules for transitions between atomic levels95
- 3.4 Propagation of light through insulators98
- 3.5 Measurement techniques134
- Appendix 3A. Quantum mechanical treatment of the simple harmonic oscillator144
- Appendix 3B. Calculation of the refractive index of glass151
- Appendix 3C. Ligand field theory concepts155
- Chapter 4. Optical Properties of Insulators „ Some Applications159
- 4.1 Thin films159
- 4.2 Glasses, Crystals, and birefringence169
- 4.3 Photochromic and electrochromic behavior172
- 4.4 Oxides, chalcogenides, and halides174
- 4.5 Optical plastics176
- 4.6 Sources of color178
- Appendix 4A. Alternate calculation of multiple film stacks187
- Chapter 5. Optical Properties of Semiconductors191
- 5.1 Introduction191
- 5.2 Free-electron gas (Sommerfeld theory)193
- 5.3 Nearly free-electron model194
- 5.4 Band structure202
- 5.5 Impurity states and lattice imperfections210
- 5.6 Carrier densities215
- 5.7 Absorption and photoluminescence220
- 5.8 Measurements237
- 5.9 Materials and properties247
- 5.10 Quantum well structures, quantum wires, and quantum dots259
- Appendix 5A. Derivation of the carrier concentration equation264
- Appendix 5B. Derivation of absorption from direct interband transitions265
- Appendix 5C. Band structure of semiconductors268
- Chapter 6. Optical Gain and Lasers273
- 6.1 Introduction273
- 6.2 Spontaneous emission274
- 6.3 Line shapes274
- 6.4 Stimulated emission and absorption277
- 6.5 Absorption and amplification (gain)279
- 6.6 Operational characteristics of lasers280
- 6.7 Laser cavity characteristics285
- 6.8 Examples of laser systems297
- 6.9 Semiconductor lasers318
- Chapter 7. NonLinear Optical Processes in Materials325
- 7.1 Introduction325
- 7.2 Mathematical treatment328
- 7.3 Second-order susceptibility339
- 7.4 Third-order susceptibility347
- 7.5 Test methods370
- Index379
This book presents, in a unified form, the underlying physical and structural processes that determine the optical behavior of materials. It does this by combining elements from physics, optics, and materials science in a seamless manner, and introducing quantum mechanics when needed. The book groups the characteristics of optical materials into classes with similar behavior. In treating each type of material, the text pays particular attention to atomic composition and chemical makeup, electronic states and band structure, and physical microstructure so that the reader will gain insight into the kinds of materials engineering and processing conditions that are required to produce a material exhibiting a desired optical property. The physical principles are presented on many levels, including a physical explanation, followed by formal mathematical support and examples and methods of measurement. The reader may overlook the equations with no loss of comprehension, or may use the text to find appropriate equations for calculations of optical properties.
* Presents the optical properties of metals, insulators, semiconductors, laser materials, and non-linear materials
* Physical processes are discussed and quantified using precise mathematical treatment, followed by examples and a discussion of measurement methods
* Authors combine many years of expertise in condensed matter physics, classical and quantum optics, and materials science
* The text is written on many levels and will benefit the novice as well as the expert
* Explains the concept of color in materials
* Explains the non-linear optical behavior of materials in a unified form
* Appendices present rigorous derivations
* Presents the optical properties of metals, insulators, semiconductors, laser materials, and non-linear materials
* Physical processes are discussed and quantified using precise mathematical treatment, followed by examples and a discussion of measurement methods
* Authors combine many years of expertise in condensed matter physics, classical and quantum optics, and materials science
* The text is written on many levels and will benefit the novice as well as the expert
* Explains the concept of color in materials
* Explains the non-linear optical behavior of materials in a unified form
* Appendices present rigorous derivations