Elsevier S & T

Osteoporosis, Two-Volume Set

Marcus, Robert; Feldman, David; Kelsey, Jennifer

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Table of contents
  • Cover
  • Osteoporosisiii
  • Copyright Pageiv
  • Contents Volume :1v
  • Contributorsxvii
  • Prefacexxiii
  • Part I: Introduction to Normal Bone Physiology and Pathophysiology1
  • Chapter 1. The Bone Organ System: Form and Function3
  • I. Introduction3
  • II. Composition and Organization of Bone4
  • III. Cellular Control of Bone Homeostasis9
  • IV. Bone Modeling and Remodeling13
  • V. Bone Biomechanics16
  • VI. Summary19
  • References19
  • Chapter 2. Osteoblast Biology21
  • I. Overview21
  • II. Embryonic Origins and Signaling Cascades for Osteogenesis22
  • III.In vivo tissus organisation of Osteoblasts: prgnotyic features and function27
  • IV. Cellular Cross-Talk of Osteoblast Lineage Cells. Functions in Calcium Homeostasis, Bone Turnover35
  • V. Osteoblasts in Vitro. Stages in Development of the Osteoblast Phenotype38
  • VI. Molecular Mechanisms Mediating Progression of Osteoblast Differentiation43
  • VII. Concluding Remarks49
  • References50
  • Chapter 3. Osteoclast Biology73
  • I. Introduction73
  • II. Osteoclast Morphology73
  • III. Origin of Osteoclasts77
  • IV. Models of Osteoclast Function79
  • V. Osteoclast Attachment and Polarization81
  • VI. Mechanisms of Bone Resorption81
  • VII. Humoral Regulation of Osteoclastic Bone Resorption83
  • VIII. Diseases of the Osteoclast89
  • References95
  • Chapter 4. The Biochemistry of Bone107
  • I. Introduction107
  • II. Collagen110
  • III. Glycosaminoglycan-Containing Proteins117
  • IV. Glycoproteins127
  • V. Gla-Containing Proteins147
  • VI. Other Proteins151
  • VII. Requirements for Matrix Mineralization155
  • VIII. Pathways of Matrix Mineralization156
  • References160
  • Chapter 5. Developmental Biology of Bone189
  • I. Introduction189
  • II. Craniofacial Bone Development191
  • III. Axial Bone Development192
  • IV. Limb Bone Development193
  • V. Sonic Hedgehog and Indian Hedgehog in Skeletal Development194
  • VI. Bone Morphogenetic Proteins, Homologues, and Their Antagonists in Skeletal Development195
  • VII. Fibroblast Growth Factors and Their Receptors in Skeletal Development197
  • VIII. Chondrocyte Differentiation and Endochondral Bone Formation199
  • IX. Osteoblast Differentiation and Function200
  • X. Cell–Matrix Interactions in Skeletal Development200
  • XI. Summary and Perspectives203
  • References204
  • Chapter 6. Mouse Genetics as a Tool to Study Bone Development and Physiology213
  • I. Introduction213
  • II. The Osteoprotegerin Pathway214
  • III. Vitamin D Receptor215
  • IV. Cbfa1215
  • V. Independence of Bone Resorption from Bone Formation during Bone Remodeling216
  • VI. Bone Formation Is Centrally Regulated in Vivo217
  • References218
  • Chapter 7. Parathyroid Hormone and Parathyroid Hormone-Related Protein221
  • I. Introduction221
  • II. Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)221
  • III. Parathyroid Hormone-Related Protein (PTHrP)226
  • IV. Mechanism of Action of PTH and PTHrP230
  • References236
  • Chapter 8. Calcitonin247
  • I. Introduction247
  • II. Calcitonin Gene Products247
  • III. Calcitonin Structure/Function Relationships249
  • IV. Secretion and Metabolism250
  • V. Physiology and Mechanism of Action250
  • VI. The Calcitonin Receptor Superfamily253
  • VII. Summary253
  • References253
  • Chapter 9. Vitamin D: Biology, Action, and Clinical Implications257
  • I. Introduction257
  • II. Vitamin D Metabolism258
  • III. Pathways of Activation and Inactivation of Vitamin D261
  • IV. Mechanism of 1,25(OH)2D Action266
  • V. Nongenomic Effects of Vitamin D272
  • VI. Physiology: Regulation of Serum Calcium273
  • VII. Genetic Disorders and Vitamin D Receptor Polymorphisms275
  • VIII. 1,25(OH)2D3 Analogues with Decreased Calcemic Activity280
  • IX. Actions of Vitamin D in Classical Target Organs to Regulate Mineral Homeostasis281
  • X. Actions of 1,25(OH)2D in Nonclassical Target Organs284
  • XI. Vitamin D and Osteoporosis288
  • References289
  • Chapter 10. Regulation of Bone Cell Function by Estrogens305
  • I. Introduction305
  • II. What Is an Estrogen?305
  • III. Estrogen Receptors306
  • IV. ER and ER Knockout Mice310
  • V. Estrogens and Bone: Overview311
  • VI. Estrogen Receptors in Bone Cells311
  • VII. Estrogenic Responses in Bone Cells315
  • VIII. Estrogen-Related Receptor- and Osteopontin Gene Expression327
  • IX. Nongenomic Actions of Estrogens in Bone Cells327
  • X. Summary328
  • References328
  • Chapter 11. Skeletal Biology of Androgens339
  • I. Introduction339
  • II. The Cellular Biology of the Skeletal Effects of Androgens339
  • III. Androgen Actions in Bone342
  • IV. The Role of Androgen Metabolism346
  • V. Animal Studies of the Skeletal Effects of Androgen348
  • VI. The Role of Aromatization: Effects of Replacement Sex Steroids after Castration353
  • VII. Gender Specificity in the Actions of Sex Steroids354
  • VIII. The Animal Model of Androgen Resistance354
  • IX. Summary354
  • References355
  • Chapter 12. Coupling of Bone Resorption and Formation during Bone Remodeling361
  • I. Introduction361
  • II. Sequence of Cellular Events in Bone Remodeling362
  • III. Interaction of Osteoblast Lineage Cells with Osteoclasts363
  • IV. Similarities between Bone Remodeling and In.ammation363
  • V. Factors Proposed to Mediate the Coupling of Bone Formation to Bone Resorption364
  • VI. Bone Mass Homeostasis365
  • VII. Role of Mechanical Function (Strain) in the Coupling of Bone Resorption to Bone Formation366
  • VIII. Integrated View of the Coupling of Bone Resorption and Bone Formation References367
  • References368
  • Chapter 13. Cytokines and Bone Remodeling373
  • I. Introduction373
  • II. Evidence for a Role of Cytokines in Osteoclastic Bone Resorption374
  • III. The Osteoclast as a Cell Source of Cytokines Involved in Osteoclastic Resorption375
  • IV. The Osteoblast as a Cell Source of Cytokines Involved in Osteoclastic Resorption376
  • V. RANK Ligand and Its Signaling Receptor, RANK376
  • VI. Osteoprotegerin378
  • VII. Macrophage–Colony-Stimulating Factor and Its Signaling Receptor, c-fms380
  • VIII. Interleukin (IL)-1 and IL-1 Signaling in Osteoclast-like Cells380
  • IX. Tumor Necrosis Factor382
  • X. Interleukin- 6382
  • XI. Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor383
  • XII. IL-15, IL-17, and IL-18383
  • XIII. Arachidonic Acid Metabolites: Prostaglandins and Leukotrienes384
  • XIV. Transforming Growth Factor-b387
  • XV. Bone Morphogenetic Proteins390
  • XVI. Conclusion392
  • References393
  • Chapter 14. Bone Growth Factors405
  • I. Introduction405
  • II. Bone Growth Factors405
  • III. Conclusions422
  • References422
  • Chapter 15. Skeletal Heterogeneity and the Purposes of Bone Remodeling: Implications for the Underst433
  • I. Introduction433
  • II. Skeletal Heterogeneity434
  • III. Purposes of Bone Remodeling436
  • IV. Implications for Understanding Osteoporosis439
  • References444
  • Chapter 16. Basic Biology of Bisphosphonates449
  • I. Introduction449
  • II. Chemistry449
  • III. Actions451
  • IV. Pharmacokinetics459
  • V. Animal Toxicology461
  • References462
  • Part II: Structure and Biomechanics469
  • Chapter 17. Skeletal Development: Mechanical Consequences of Growth, Aging, and Disease471
  • I. Developmental Mechanics in Skeletogenesis471
  • II. Mechanical Regulation of Bone Biology473
  • III. Mechanobiologic Self-Design of Bones475
  • IV. Adaptational Mechanics in Aging and Disease485
  • References486
  • Chapter 18. Inhibition of Osteopenia by Biophysical Intervention489
  • I. Introduction489
  • II. Wolff’s Law of Bone Adaptation490
  • III. Structural Demands on the Vertebrate Skeleton491
  • IV. Modulation of Bone Tissue by Biophysical Stimuli494
  • V. Attenuation of Wolff’s Law by Systemic Disorders500
  • VI. Clinical Application of Biophysical Stimuli502
  • VII. Summary505
  • References505
  • Chapter 19. Biomechanics of Age-Related Fractures509
  • I. Introduction509
  • II. Biomechanics of Bone. Basic Concepts and Age-Related Changes511
  • III. Biomechanics of Hip Fractures517
  • IV. Biomechanics of Vertebral Fractures521
  • V. Summary and Clinical Implications525
  • References526
  • Part III: Epidemiology and Risk Factors533
  • Chapter 20. Introduction to Epidemiologic Methods535
  • I. Introduction535
  • II. Descriptive and Analytic Studies536
  • III. Study Designs536
  • IV. Some Useful Epidemiologic Concepts542
  • V. Some Frequently Used Statistics542
  • VI. Criteria for Deciding Whether an Association Is Causal544
  • VII. Sample Size Considerations545
  • VIII. Measurement Error546
  • IX. Measuring Diet and Bone Turnover Status as Examples of Measurement Issues551
  • X. Conclusions553
  • References553
  • Chapter 21. Magnitude and Impact of Osteoporosis and Fractures557
  • I. Introduction557
  • II. Magnitude of the Problem557
  • III. Fracture Epidemiology559
  • IV. Impact of Osteoporotic Fractures562
  • V. Future Projections563
  • VI. Conclusions564
  • References565
  • Chapter 22. Race, Ethnicity, and Osteoporosis569
  • I. We are all individuals569
  • II. Defining Terms569
  • III. Ethnoepidemiology of Osteoporosis570
  • IV. Racial and Ethnic Influences on Risk for Osteoporosis574
  • V. Summary579
  • References580
  • Chapter 23. Epidemiology of Osteoporotic Fractures in Europe585
  • I. Introduction585
  • II. Hip Fractures586
  • III. Vertebral Fractures589
  • IV. General Conclusions595
  • References595
  • Chapter 24. Bone Mineral Acquisition in Utero, during Infancy, and throughout Childhood599
  • I. Introduction599
  • II. Measurement of Bone Mass in Infants and Children599
  • III. Bone Acquisition in Utero601
  • IV. Bone Acquisition in Preterm Infants606
  • V. Bone Mineral Acquisition in Term Infants and Children609
  • VI. Summary614
  • References614
  • Chapter 25. Bone Acquisition in Adolescence621
  • I. Introduction621
  • II. Measurement of Bone Mass Development621
  • III. Bone Mass Gain during Puberty622
  • IV. Calcium-Phosphate Metabolism during Puberty626
  • V. Determinants of bone mass gain627
  • References633
  • Chapter 26. Genetics and Genomics of Osteoporosis639
  • I. Introduction639
  • II. Top-Down and Bottom-Up Genomic Approaches641
  • III. Considerations and Complicating Factors646
  • IV. The Map of Osteoporosis Genes648
  • V. Application and prospects663
  • References664
  • Chapter 27. Nutrition and Risk for Osteoporosis669
  • I. Introduction669
  • II. Problems in the Investigation of the Effects of Nutrition on Bone671
  • III. The Notion of a Nutrient Requirement674
  • IV. The Natural Intake of Calcium and Vitamin D675
  • V. Calcium676
  • VI. Vitamin D690
  • VII. Vitamin K691
  • VIII. Other Essential Nutrients692
  • References694
  • Chapter 28. Physical Activity and Osteoporosis702
  • I. Introduction702
  • II. Design Considerations702
  • III. Effects of Loading Bone703
  • IV. Physical Activity and Bone706
  • V. Hormone Response to Chronic Exercise712
  • VI. Meta-analyses and Reviews713
  • VII. Falling and Fracture714
  • VIII. Therapeutic Suggestions714
  • References715
  • Chapter 29. Premenopausal Reproductive and Hormonal Characteristics and the Risk for Osteoporosis722
  • I. Introduction722
  • II. Pregnancy723
  • III. Age at First Pregnancy724
  • IV. Parity and Nulliparity725
  • V. Lactation726
  • VI. Ovarian Activity or Menstrual Cycle Characteristics and Bone Mass728
  • VII. Dysfunctional Ovulation729
  • VIII. Oral Contraceptive Use731
  • IX. Progestin-Injectible Contraceptives733
  • X. Oophorectomy734
  • XI. Summary and Implications735
  • References735
  • Chapter 30. Postmenopausal Endogenous and Exogenous Hormones, Degree of Obesity, Thiazide Diuretics,741
  • I. Introduction741
  • II. Thiazide Diuretics741
  • III. Exogenous Estrogen749
  • IV. Endogenous Estrogen, Bone Mass, and Fractures754
  • V. Obesity756
  • VI. Overall Summary763
  • References763
  • Chapter 31. The Effects of Tobacco and Alcohol Use on Bone771
  • I. Introduction771
  • II. Tobacco and Bone772
  • III. Alcohol and Bone782
  • IV. Conclusions and Questions790
  • References791
  • Chapter 32. Falls as Risk Factors for Fractures795
  • I. Introduction795
  • II. Risk Factors for Falls796
  • III. Risk Factors for a Fall-Related Injury798
  • IV. Prevention of Falls and Fall-Related Fractures800
  • V. Summary and Directions for Future Research803
  • References803
  • Chapter 33. Assessing Fracture Risk809
  • I. Introduction809
  • II. Skeletal Elements of Fracture Risk810
  • III. Nonskeletal Elements of Fracture Risk Assessment812
  • IV. Measuring Bone Loss for Risk Assessment. Necessary or Useful?813
  • V. Monitoring Bone Mass814
  • VI. The Expression of Risk815
  • VII. Summary816
  • References816
  • Chapter 34. Outcomes of Osteoporotic Fractures819
  • I. Introduction819
  • II. Definitions of Functional Outcomes Related to Fracture819
  • III. Outcomes of Wrist Fractures820
  • IV. Outcomes of Vertebral Fractures821
  • V. Outcomes of Hip Fractures826
  • VI. Conclusions828
  • References828
Book details
  • Vendor Elsevier S & T
  • SKU 9780124708624
  • ISBN-13 9780080538266
  • Author Marcus, Robert; Feldman, David; Kelsey, Jennifer
  • Edition 2nd
  • Category Medical
  • Subject Rheumatology

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Osteoporosis is the most comprehensive, authoritative reference on this disease. Some of the topics covered include basic biology, anatomy, physiology, pathophysiology, preclinical issues, experimental medicine, management, and therapeutics. Written by renowned experts in this field, this book is a must-have for the researcher, the academic clinician, or anyone in the field of bone biology.

Key Features
* The source on osteoporosis
* Written by expert investigators in their respective fields
* Each chapter provides timely, comprehensive, and scholarly discussion
* Fully illustrated in color and black & white
* Covers everything from basic anatomy and physiology to diagnosis, management and treatment