Elsevier S & T

Particle Breakage

Salman, Agba D.; Ghadiri, Mojtaba; Hounslow, Michael

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Table of contents
  • Cover
  • Contentsv
  • Contributorsix
  • Forewordxi
  • Part I: Fundamental1
  • Chapter 1. Breakage of Single Particles: Quasi-Static3
  • 1. Introduction3
  • 2. Single-Particle Impact Testing7
  • 3. Drop Weight Testing9
  • 4. Pendulum Testing12
  • 5. Compression Testing18
  • 6. Hopkinson Pressure Bar and Impact Load Cell21
  • 7. Particle Breakage Characteristics31
  • 8. Influence of Selected Variables on Particle Breakage Characteristics45
  • 9. Application to Comminution59
  • Acknowledgements62
  • Appendix: Definition of terms63
  • References66
  • Chapter 2. Impact Breakage of Single Particles: Double Impact Test69
  • 1. Introduction69
  • 2. Background and Literature Review70
  • 3. Double Impact Tests71
  • 4. Key Issues73
  • 5. Summaries of Recent Development75
  • 6. Forward Look83
  • Acknowledgments83
  • References84
  • Chapter 3. Particle Breakage due to Bulk Shear87
  • 1. Breakage in the Bulk87
  • 2. Testing Methods92
  • 3. Understanding and Application95
  • 4. Subject Development102
  • 5. Recent Work104
  • 6. What Next?113
  • References115
  • Chapter 4. The Principles of Single-Particle Crushing117
  • 1. Introduction118
  • 2. Terminology118
  • 3. Definition119
  • 4. Concepts of Investigation126
  • 5. Crusher as a System145
  • 6. Crushing Parameters148
  • 7. Applications214
  • Acknowledgements218
  • References222
  • Part II: Milling227
  • Chapter 5. Rotor Impact Mills229
  • 1. Introduction230
  • 2. Model of the Milling Process in Rotor Impact Mills230
  • 3. Control of Fineness237
  • 4. Scale-Up242
  • 5. Designs244
  • References249
  • Chapter 6. Wet Grinding in Stirred Media Mills251
  • 1. Introduction: Design and Principal Operation of Stirred Media Mills253
  • 2. Fundamental Considerations262
  • 3. Influence of Important Operating Parameters on the Grinding and Dispersing Result283
  • 4. Transport Behaviour and Operation Mode321
  • 5. Operation of Stirred Media Mills335
  • 6. Scale-Up362
  • References380
  • Chapter 7. Roller Milling of Wheat383
  • 1. Introduction383
  • 2. The Structure of the Wheat Kernel385
  • 3. The International Development of Modern Flour Milling387
  • 4. Roller Milling of Wheat Kernels391
  • 5. Key Issues in Milling of Wheat395
  • 6. Breakage of Wheat Kernels During First Break Roller Milling396
  • 7. Pearling of Wheat Prior to Milling412
  • 8. Conclusions415
  • Acknowledgements415
  • References416
  • Chapter 8. Air Jet Milling421
  • 1. Introduction421
  • 2. The Different Types of Air Jet Mill422
  • 3. Modelling427
  • 4. Examples of Application431
  • References435
  • Chapter 9. Breakage and Morphological Parameters Determined by Laboratory Tests437
  • 1. Introduction438
  • 2. Operation of Ball Mills439
  • 3. Morphological Parameters of Minerals Ground by Different Mills463
  • 4. Summary482
  • 5. Concluding Remarks483
  • References485
  • Chapter 10. Selection of Fine Grinding Mills487
  • 1. Introduction487
  • 2. Classification of Fine Grinding Mills488
  • 3. Features and Selections of Fine Grinding Mills489
  • 4. Selection After the Particle Size of Feed and Product497
  • 5. Selection After the Feed Properties498
  • 6. Fine Grinding Operation and Mill Selection500
  • 7. Applications of Fine Grinding Mills to Particle Modification506
  • 8. Conclusions507
  • References508
  • Chapter 11. Fine Grinding of Materials in Dry Systems and Mechanochemistry509
  • 1. Introduction509
  • 2. Fine Grinding Mills510
  • 3. Rate Process of Grinding Phenomena511
  • 4. Simulation of Media Motion During Milling512
  • 5. Mechanochemistry and Nano-Particles Formation by Dry Grinding516
  • References527
  • Chapter 12. Comminution Energy and Evaluation in Fine Grinding529
  • 1. Introduction529
  • 2. Laws of Comminution Energy530
  • 3. Crushing of Single Particles532
  • 4. Crushing Resistance and Grindability535
  • 5. Ball Mill Grinding539
  • References550
  • Chapter 13. Enabling Nanomilling through Control of Particulate Interfaces551
  • 1. Introduction552
  • 2. Particle Interactions in Suspensions552
  • 3. Stabilization of Particles Against Aggregation561
  • 4. Influence of Particle Interactions on Suspension Rheology in Stirred Media Mills577
  • 5. Experiments in Nanomilling586
  • 6. Mechano-Chemical Effects During Nanomilling593
  • 7. Summary598
  • References601
  • Chapter 14. Analysis of Milling and the Role of Feed Properties605
  • 1. Introduction605
  • 2. Energy Laws Revisited606
  • 3. Evaluation of Milling Rate608
  • 4. Population Balance Models610
  • 5. Role of Feed Properties and Definition of Dimensionless Groups Describing the Breakage Propensity613
  • 6. Analysis of Milling Rate Based on the Input Power and Material Properties624
  • 7. Conclusions629
  • References632
  • Part III: Modelling635
  • Chapter 15. Monte Carlo Method for the Analysis of Particle Breakage637
  • 1. Introduction637
  • 2. Particle Breakage and Grinding639
  • 3. Monte Carlo Method645
  • 4. Monte Carlo Approach to Batch Grinding650
  • 5. Numerical Results and Discussion653
  • 6. Summary658
  • References659
  • Chapter 16. Numerical Investigation of Particle Breakage as Applied to Mechanical Crushing661
  • 1. Particle Breakage Modelling662
  • 2. Realistic Failure Process Analysis (RFPA) Code and Verification667
  • 3. Particle Breakage Under Static Loading676
  • 4. Particle Breakage Under Dynamic Loading689
  • 5. Single-Particle Breakage Under Various Loading Conditions697
  • 6. Inter-Particle Breakage716
  • 7. Summary734
  • Acknowledgements737
  • References737
  • Chapter 17. The Cohesion of Fractal Agglomerates: An Elementary Numerical Model741
  • 1. Introduction742
  • 2. Universality of the Fractal Structures744
  • 3. The Cohesion Concept752
  • 4. Background and Literature Review760
  • 5. The Cohesion of Fractal Agglomerates: An Elementary Model765
  • 6. Forward Look777
  • 7. Conclusion786
  • Acknowledgements787
  • References788
  • Chapter 18. The Linear Breakage Equation: From Fundamental Issues to Numerical Solution Techniques793
  • 1. Introduction794
  • 2. Problem Formulation796
  • 3. Iterative and Analytical Solutions of the Breakage Equation802
  • 4. Self-Similar Solutions of the Breakage Equation806
  • 5. Special Cases of Breakage813
  • 6. Methods of Moments827
  • 7. Sectional Methods829
  • 8. Current and Future Research Topics on Breakage Equation831
  • References833
  • Chapter 19. Analysis of Agglomerate Breakage837
  • 1. Introduction837
  • 2. Models of Agglomerate Strength and Failure839
  • 3. Distinct Element Method846
  • 4. Agglomerate Behaviour in a Bed of Particles Subjected to Shearing862
  • References870
  • Chapter 20. Modelling of Mills and Milling Circuits873
  • 1. Introduction874
  • 2. Examples of Milling Circuits874
  • 3. Modelling Levels for Milling Circuits877
  • 4. Determination of Model Parameters892
  • 5. Flowsheeting for Solid Processes893
  • 6. Discussion of the Main Influencing Parameters902
  • References910
  • Part IV: Applications913
  • Chapter 21. Particle Strength in an Industrial Environment915
  • 1. Introduction915
  • 2. Particle Breakage and Wear916
  • 3. Simulating Particle Strength by Numerical Modelling923
  • 4. Fatigue by Repeated Loading924
  • 5. Fundamental Multiple Granule Breakage Tests926
  • 6. Experimental Studies on Multi Particle Breakage926
  • 7. Relation Between Single- And Multi-Particle928
  • References938
  • Chapter 22. The strength of pharmaceutical tablets941
  • 1. Introduction941
  • 2. Tablet Compaction943
  • 3. Measurement of Tablet Strength945
  • 4. Effect of Process Parameters on Tablet Strength948
  • 5. Compaction Simulators and Intelligent Industrialisation952
  • 6. The Effect of Tablet Structure on Strength956
  • 7. Summary and Conclusions967
  • References969
  • Chapter 23. Crystal Growth and Dissolution with Breakage: Distribution Kinetics Modelling971
  • 1. Introduction971
  • 2. Experimental Background974
  • 3. Distribution Kinetics978
  • 4. Results and Discussion982
  • 5. Conclusions985
  • References986
  • Chapter 24. Liberation of Valuables Embedded in Particle Compounds and Solid Waste989
  • 1. Amount of Particle Compounds and Solid Waste989
  • 2. Waste Comminution in the Recycling Industry991
  • 3. Classification of Waste Into Brittle, Rubber-Elastic and Ductile993
  • 4. Crushing of Solid Waste and Particle Compounds995
  • 5. Simulation of Breakage and Liberation of Particle Compounds Using the Discrete Element Method1004
  • 6. Conclusions1016
  • References1017
  • Chapter 25. Attrition in Fluidised Beds1019
  • 1. Introduction1019
  • 2. Process-Dependent Attrition1020
  • 3. Main Hydrodynamic Effects1025
  • 4. Attrition in wet Systems1032
  • 5. Attrition in Reacting Systems1036
  • 6. Standard Tests and Characterisations1041
  • 7. Conclusions1049
  • Acknowledgements1049
  • References1051
  • Chapter 26. A Mechanistic Description of Granule Deformation and Breakage1055
  • 1. Introduction1056
  • 2. Origin of Granule Strength1060
  • 3. Macroscopic Granule Strength1082
  • 4. Practical Considerations1102
  • 5. Concluding Remarks1113
  • References1116
  • Chapter 27. Descriptive Classification: Failure Modes of Particles by Compression1121
  • 1. Introduction1121
  • 2. Experimental Setup1126
  • 3. Results1127
  • 4. Summary1146
  • References1147
  • Chapter 28. A New Concept for Addressing Bulk Solids Attrition in Pneumatic Conveying1149
  • 1. Introduction1150
  • 2. Fundamentals1150
  • 3. A New Concept for Addressing Attrition in Pneumatic Conveying1166
  • 4. Determination of the Process Function1168
  • 5. Determination of the Material Function1184
  • 6. Bridging the Gap Between Academic Research and Industrial Needs1210
  • 7. Summary1212
  • References1216
  • Subject Index1219
Book details
  • Vendor Elsevier S & T
  • SKU 9780444530806
  • ISBN-13 9780080553467
  • Author Salman, Agba D.; Ghadiri, Mojtaba; Hounslow, Michael
  • Category Technology & Engineering
  • Subject Chemical & Biochemical

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Particle breakage is an important process within a wide range of solids processing industries, including pharmaceuticals, food, agricultural and mining. Breakage of particles can be defined as intentional and unintentional, depending on whether it is desired or not. Through understanding of the science and underlying mechanisms behind this phenomenon, particle breakage can be either minimised or encouraged within an efficient and effective process. Particle Breakage examines particle breakage at three different length scales, ranging from single particle studies through groups of particles and looking at solid processing steps as a whole. This book is the widest ranging book in the field and includes the most up-to-date techniques such as Distinct Element Method (DEM), Monte Carlo simulations and Population Balance Equations (PBE). This handbook provides an overview of the current state-of-the- art and particle breakage. From the small scale of a single particle, to the study of whole processes for breakage; both by experimental study and mathematical modelling.

* Covering a wide range of subjects and industrial applications
* Allows the reader an understanding of the science behind engineered breakage processes
* Giving an unrestrictive and interdisciplinary approach