Performance and Stability of Aircraft
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Table of contents
- Cover
- Contentsv
- Prefacexi
- List of symbols and abbreviationsxiii
- Note to undergraduate studentsxxii
- Chapter 1. Introduction1
- 1.1 The travelling species1
- 1.2 General assumptions1
- 1.3 Basic properties of major aircraft components2
- 1.4 Engine characteristics13
- 1.5 Standard atmospheres14
- Student problems20
- Background reading21
- Chapter 2. Performance in level flight22
- 2.1 Introduction22
- 2.2 The balance of forces22
- 2.3 Minimum drag and power in level flight23
- 2.4 Shaft and equivalent powers for turboprop engines26
- 2.5 Maximum speed and level acceleration27
- 2.6 Range and endurance29
- 2.7 Incremental performance36
- Student problems38
- Chapter 3. Performance – other flight manoeuvres41
- 3.1 Introduction41
- 3.2 Steady gliding flight41
- 3.3 Climbing flight, the 'Performance Equation'42
- 3.4 Correctly banked level turns56
- 3.5 Take-off and landing60
- Student problems67
- Chapter 4. Introduction to stability and control71
- 4.1 Aims of study71
- 4.2 First thoughts on stability71
- 4.3 Controls76
- Student problem80
- Chapter 5. Elementary treatment of pitching motion81
- 5.1 Introduction81
- 5.2 Modelling an aircraft in slow pitching motion81
- 5.3 Trim88
- 5.4 Static stability93
- 5.5 Actions required to change speed97
- 5.6 Manoeuvre stability99
- 5.7 The centre of gravity range and airworthiness considerations103
- 5.8 Some further matters104
- Student problems108
- Chapter 6. Lateral static stability and control112
- 6.1 Introduction112
- 6.2 Simple lateral aerodynamics112
- 6.3 Trimmed lateral manoeuvres117
- 6.4 Static stability120
- Student problem121
- Chapter 7. Revision and extension of dynamics122
- 7.1 Introduction122
- 7.2 Some simple aircraft motions122
- 7.3 'Standard' form for second-order equation128
- 7.4 Dynamics using moving axes129
- 7.5 State-space description136
- Student problems143
- Background reading144
- Chapter 8. Equations of motion of a rigid aircraft145
- 8.1 Introduction145
- 8.2 Some preliminary assumptions145
- 8.3 Orientation146
- 8.4 Development of the equations149
- 8.5 Dimensional stability equations153
- 8.6 Concise, normalized and nondimensional stability equations154
- Student problems164
- Chapter 9. Longitudinal dynamic stability165
- 9.1 Introduction165
- 9.2 General remarks on stability derivatives165
- 9.3 Solution of the longitudinal equations175
- 9.4 Discussion of the longitudinal modes186
- Appendix: Solution of longitudinal quartic using a spreadsheet191
- Student problems193
- Chapter 10. Longitudinal response195
- 10.1 Introduction195
- 10.2 Response to elevator movement195
- 10.3 Response to gusts204
- Student problems220
- Chapter 11. Lateral dynamic stability and response222
- 11.1 Introduction222
- 11.2 Lateral stability and derivatives222
- 11.3 Solution of !ateral equations225
- 11.4 Discussion of the lateral modes230
- 11.5 Effects of speed245
- 11.6 Stability diagrams and some design implications245
- 11.7 Control and response248
- 11.8 Lateral handling and flying requirements253
- Appendix: Solution of lateral quintic using a spreadsheet253
- Student problems255
- Chapter 12. Effects of inertial cross-coupling256
- 12.1 Introduction256
- 12.2 Roll–yaw and roll–pitch inertia coupling256
- 12.3 Other inertial coupling problems262
- 12.4 Design, development and airworthiness implications265
- Chapter 13. Introduction to automatic control and stabilization267
- 13.1 Introduction267
- 13.2 'Open loop' and 'closed loop' systems, the feedback principle267
- 13.3 General theory of simple systems270
- 13.4 Methods of design275
- 13.5 Modern developments279
- Student problems279
- Appendix A: Aircraft moments of inertia280
- Answers to problems283
- References285
- Further reading286
- Index287
The performance, stability, control and response of aircraft are key areas of aeronautical engineering. This book provides a comprehensive overview to the underlying theory and application of what are often perceived to be difficult topics.
Initially it introduces the reader to the fundamental concepts underlying performance and stability, including lift characteristics and estimation of drag, before moving on to a more detailed analysis of performance in both level and climbing flight. Pitching motion is then described followed by a detailed discussion of all aspects of both lateral and longitudinal stability and response. It finishes with an examination of inertial cross-coupling and automatic control and stabilization. The student is helped to think in three dimensions throughout the book by the use of illustrative examples. The progression from one degree of freedom to six degrees of freedom is gradually introduced. The result is an approach dealing specifically with all aspects of performance, stability and control that fills a gap in the current literature. It will be essential reading for all those embarking on degree level courses in aeronautical engineering and will be of interest to all with an interest in stability and dynamics, including those in commercial flying schools who require an insight into the performance of their aircraft.
Ideal for undergraduate aeronautical engineers
Three-dimensional thinking introduced through worked examples and simple situations
Initially it introduces the reader to the fundamental concepts underlying performance and stability, including lift characteristics and estimation of drag, before moving on to a more detailed analysis of performance in both level and climbing flight. Pitching motion is then described followed by a detailed discussion of all aspects of both lateral and longitudinal stability and response. It finishes with an examination of inertial cross-coupling and automatic control and stabilization. The student is helped to think in three dimensions throughout the book by the use of illustrative examples. The progression from one degree of freedom to six degrees of freedom is gradually introduced. The result is an approach dealing specifically with all aspects of performance, stability and control that fills a gap in the current literature. It will be essential reading for all those embarking on degree level courses in aeronautical engineering and will be of interest to all with an interest in stability and dynamics, including those in commercial flying schools who require an insight into the performance of their aircraft.
Ideal for undergraduate aeronautical engineers
Three-dimensional thinking introduced through worked examples and simple situations