Petroleum Related Rock Mechanics: 2nd Edition
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Table of contents
- Cover
- Rasmus Risnes in Memoriamv
- Preface to the second editionvii
- Foreword to the 1992 editionix
- Preface to the 1992 editionxi
- Contentsxiii
- Chapter 1. Elasticity1
- 1.1 Stress1
- 1.2 Strain13
- 1.3 Elastic moduli20
- 1.4 Strain energy23
- 1.5 Thermoelasticity24
- 1.6 Poroelasticity26
- 1.7 Anisotropy37
- 1.8 Nonlinear elasticity42
- 1.9 Time-dependent effects46
- References53
- Further reading53
- Chapter 2. Failure mechanics55
- 2.1 Basic concepts55
- 2.2 Tensile failure59
- 2.3 Shear failure60
- 2.4 Compaction failure66
- 2.5 Failure criteria in three dimensions68
- 2.6 Fluid effects75
- 2.7 Presentation and interpretation of data from failure tests79
- 2.8 Beyond the yield point80
- 2.9 Failure of anisotropic and fractured rocks95
- 2.10 Stress history effects99
- References100
- Chapter 3. Geological aspects of petroleum related rock mechanics103
- 3.1 Underground stresses103
- 3.2 Pore pressure114
- 3.3 Sedimentological aspects117
- 3.4 Mechanical properties of sedimentary rocks123
- References131
- Further reading133
- Chapter 4. Stresses around boreholes. Borehole failure criteria135
- 4.1 Stresses and strains in cylindrical coordinates135
- 4.2 Stresses in a hollow cylinder137
- 4.3 Elastic stresses around wells-the general solution145
- 4.4 Poroelastic time dependent effects150
- 4.5 Borehole failure criteria154
- 4.6 Beyond failure initiation160
- 4.7 Spherical coordinates170
- References172
- Further reading173
- Chapter 5. Elastic wave propagation in rocks175
- 5.1 The wave equation175
- 5.2 P- and S-waves177
- 5.3 Elastic waves in porous materials180
- 5.4 Attenuation184
- 5.5 Anisotropy189
- 5.6 Rock mechanics and rock acoustics192
- 5.7 Reflections and refractions200
- 5.8 Borehole acoustics204
- 5.9 Seismics214
- References217
- Further reading218
- Chapter 6. Rock models219
- 6.1 Layered media220
- 6.2 Models involving porosity only222
- 6.3 Grain pack models225
- 6.4 Models for cracks and other inclusions230
- 6.5 Fractured rocks243
- References249
- Chapter 7. Mechanical properties and stress data from laboratory analysis251
- 7.1 Core samples for rock mechanical laboratory analysis252
- 7.2 Laboratory equipment257
- 7.3 Laboratory tests for rock mechanical property determination263
- 7.4 Laboratory tests for stress determination277
- 7.5 Index tests280
- References284
- Chapter 8. Mechanical properties and IN SITU stresses from field data289
- 8.1 Estimation of elastic parameters289
- 8.2 Estimation of strength parameters293
- 8.3 Estimation of IN SITU stresses295
- 8.4 References306
- Further reading308
- Chapter 9. Stability during drilling309
- 9.1 Unstable boreholes: Symptoms, reasons and consequences310
- 9.2 Rock mechanics analysis of borehole stability during drilling314
- 9.3 Time-delayed borehole failure320
- 9.4 Interaction between shale and drilling fluid323
- 9.5 Borehole stability analysis for well design325
- 9.6 Use of pressure gradients329
- 9.7 Beyond simple stability analysis331
- References336
- Further reading338
- Chapter 10. Solids production341
- 10.1 Operational aspects of solids production341
- 10.2 Sand343
- 10.3 Chalk365
- References366
- Further reading367
- Chapter 11. Mechanics of hydraulic fracturing369
- 11.1 Conditions for tensile failure370
- 11.2 Fracture initiation and formation breakdown372
- 11.3 Fracture orientation, growth and confinement376
- 11.4 Fracture size and shape380
- 11.5 Fracture closure382
- 11.6 Thermal effects on hydraulic fracturing387
- References389
- Further reading390
- Chapter 12. Reservoir geomechanics391
- 12.1 Compaction and subsidence391
- 12.2 Modelling of reservoir compaction392
- 12.3 From compaction to subsidence402
- 12.4 Geomechanical effects on reservoir performance414
- 12.5 Well problems and reservoir geomechanics427
- References430
- Further reading433
- Appendix A. Rock properties435
- Appendix B. SI metric conversion factors443
- Appendix C. Mathematical background445
- C.1 Introduction445
- C.2 Matrices445
- C.3 Vectors and coordinate transforms451
- C.4 Tensors and coordinate transforms452
- C.5 Eigenvalues, eigenvectors and diagonalization452
- C.6 Rotation of the coordinate system: The Euler angles453
- C.7 Examples454
- C.8 Matrix invariants455
- C.9 Some trigonometric formulas457
- C.10 The Voigt notation spelled out457
- C.11 The Einstein summing convention and other notation conventions459
- References461
- Appendix D. Some relevant formulas463
- D.1 Elasticity463
- D.2 Elastic wave propagation in rocks466
- D.3 Rock models467
- D.4 Solids production469
- D.5 Subsidence470
- D.6 Vector operators in cylindrical coordinates471
- References473
- Appendix E. List of symbols475
- Index483
Engineers and geologists in the petroleum industry will find Petroleum Related Rock Mechanics, 2E, a powerful resource in providing a basis of rock mechanical knowledge - a knowledge which can greatly assist in the understanding of field behavior, design of test programs and the design of field operations. Not only does this text give an introduction to applications of rock mechanics within the petroleum industry, it has a strong focus on basics, drilling, production and reservoir engineering. Assessment of rock mechanical parameters is covered in depth, as is acoustic wave propagation in rocks, with possible link to 4D seismics as well as log interpretation.
* Learn the basic principles behind rock mechanics from leading academic and industry experts
* Quick reference and guide for engineers and geologists working in the field
* Keep informed and up to date on all the latest methods and fundamental concepts
* Learn the basic principles behind rock mechanics from leading academic and industry experts
* Quick reference and guide for engineers and geologists working in the field
* Keep informed and up to date on all the latest methods and fundamental concepts