Elsevier S & T

Plant Cell Death Processes

Nooden, Larry D.

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Table of contents

Cover
Copyright Pageiv
Contentsv
Contributorsxvii
Foreword„Aging and Deathxxi
Prefacexxv
Chapter 1. Introduction1
I. What this Book Covers1
II. The Processes„Senescence, Aging, Programmed Cell Death, Apoptosis, etc.„Evolving Concepts2
III. Apoptosis in Animals6
IV. Apoptosis in Plants8
V. The Senescence Syndrome10
VI. Hormonal Controls13
VII. Evolution14
References14
Chapter 2. Plant Cell Death and Cell Differentiation19
I. Introduction19
II. The Scope of PCD in Plants20
III. Prereproductive Cell Death22
IV. Reproductive Cell Death27
V. Conclusions31
References31
Chapter 3. Cell Death in Plant Disease: Mechanisms and Molecular Markers37
I. Introduction37
II. Role of Cell Death during Plant–Pathogen Interactions38
III. Structural and Biochemical Changes Accompanying Cell Death during Plant Disease38
IV. Definition of Steps Involved in the Signaling Process of Cell Death Induction during Plant–Pat39
V. Molecular Components for Cell Death Control during Plant–Pathogen Interactions41
VI. Glogal Analyses of Markers for Cell Death Induction by Plant Pathogens43
References47
Chapter 4. Changes in Gene Expression during Senescence51
I. Introduction51
II. Changes in Patterns of Nucleic Acids and Proteins during Senescence52
III. Similarities between Senescing and Ripening Tissues52
IV. Identification and Classification of Senescence-related Genes52
V. Senescence-related Genes53
VI. Function of SR Genes in Senescence62
VII. Summary66
References67
Chapter 5. Genes that Alter Senescence73
I. Introduction73
II. Senescence as a Genetically Programmed Process74
III. Genes Involved in Execution of Senescence76
IV. Genes Affecting Senescence through Action on the Hormonal Controls79
V. Genes that Alter Senescence in Response to Environmental Factors80
VI. Genes Controlling Vegetative Growth (Regeneration) and Monocarpic Senescence81
VII. Regulatory Genes and Intracellular Signaling82
VIII. Conclusions85
References87
Chapter 6. Senescence and Genetic Engineering91
I. Introduction91
II. The Relationship of Cytokinins and Senescence92
III. The Relationship of Ethylene and Senescence97
IV. Concluding Remarks100
References101
Chapter 7. Proteolysis107
I. Introduction107
II. Selective Hydrolysis of Peptide Bonds108
III. Proteolytic Activities in Plants109
IV. Proteolysis in Relation to Cell Death114
V. Regulation of Protein Catabolism116
VI. Conclusions119
References120
Chapter 8. Ethylene Signaling in Plant Cell Death125
I. Introduction125
II. Ethylene Biosynthesis Pathways126
III. Temporal and Spatial Regulation of Ethylene Biosynthesis127
IV. Ethylene Signal Transduction Pathway127
V. Ethylene Cross Talk with Other Plant Hormones129
VI. Protease Involvement and Ethylene Biosynthesis in PCD134
VII. Hormonal Regulation of Plant PCD134
VIII. Perspective136
References137
Chapter 9. Jasmonates – Biosynthesis and Role in Stress Responses and Developmental Processes143
I. Introduction143
II. Jasmonates and Related Compounds143
III. LOX-derived Compounds and the Biosynthesis of Octadecanoids and Jasmonates144
IV. Jasmonate-induced Alteration of Gene Expression147
V. Jasmonates and Plant Defense Reactions147
VI. Jasmonates in Plant Development and Senescence150
References152
Chapter 10. Leaf Senescence and Nitrogen Metabolism157
I. Introduction157
II. Leaf Senescence and Nitrogen Loss157
III. Protein Metabolism during Leaf Senescence158
IV. Protein degradation163
V. Remobilization of Nitrogen in Senescing Leaves163
VI. Conclusion164
References165
Chapter 11. Photosynthesis and Chloroplast Breakdown169
I. Introduction169
II. Decline of Photosynthetic Function170
III. Chloroplast Breakdown172
IV. Expression of Nuclear Genes Encoding Photosynthesis-related Proteins175
V. Plastid Gene Expression during Senescence176
VI. Regulation of Chloroplast Senescence180
VII. Conclusions183
References183
Chapter 12. How Leaves Turn Yellow: Catabolism of Chlorophyll189
I. Introduction189
II. Porphyrin Macrocycle Cleavage190
III. Chlorophyll Catabolic Pathway192
IV. Intracellular Organization194
V. Regulation of Chlorophyll Breakdown196
VI. Significance of Chlorophyll Breakdown197
VII. Chlorophyll Bleaching198
VIII. Prospect199
References199
Chapter 13. Free Radicals and Oxidative Stress203
I. Introduction203
II. The Molecules that Cause Oxidative Stress203
III. Generating Active Oxygen Species204
IV. Defending Against Oxidative Stress207
V. Active Oxygen in Resistance and Senescence209
VI. Mechanisms of Signal Transduction211
VII. Conclusions212
References212
Chapter 14. Nutrient Resorption215
I. Introduction215
II. Potential and Realized Resorption216
III. Resorption Efficiency and Proficiency216
IV. Macronutrients and Trace Metals217
V. Model I: Determinants of Potential Resorption218
VI. Model II: Determinants of Realized Resorption220
VII. Synthesis223
References223
Chapter 15. Whole Plant Senescence227
I. Introduction228
II. Complexity and the Rules of Evidence231
III. What is the Cause of Monocarpic Senescence?232
IV. Senescence in Polycarpic Plants and Clones238
V. Reproductive Yield240
References241
Chapter 16. Autumn Coloration, Carbon Acquisition and Leaf Senescence245
I. Introduction245
II. Progress of Autumn Coloration of a Tree Crown246
III. Shoot Development and Leaf Senescence247
IV. Leaf Structure and Function252
V. Leaf Pigments and their Ecological Role253
References255
Chapter 17. Annual Shoot Senescence in Perennials259
I. Introduction259
II. Mayapple as a Study Organism261
III. Sources of Variation in Endogenous Shoot Senescence Time in Mayapple262
IV. General Discussion of Factors Regulating the Timing of Top Senescence in Other Species266
References267
Chapter 18. Phototoxicity271
I. Introduction271
II. Chemical and Biochemical Basis of Phototoxicity272
III. Phototoxic Compounds and their Roles in Nature273
IV. Herbicides and Heavy Metals Mediating Phototoxic Responses277
V. Is Photoinhibition of Photosynthesis a Phototoxicity Mechanism?277
VI. Phototoxicity and Programmed Cell Death278
References278
Chapter 19. Ultraviolet Effects285
I. Introduction285
II. Importance of Ultraviolet Radiation as an Environmental Factor for Plants286
III. UV and Plant Senescence289
IV. Evidence for UV-induced PCD in a Plant289
V. Pathways for UV-induced PCD in Animal Cells290
VI. Possible Signaling Mediators between UV and PCD in Plants291
VII. Conclusion291
References292
Chapter 20. Effects of Airborne Pollutants295
I. Introduction295
II. Physiology and Biochemistry of Ozone-induced Accelerated Leaf Senescence296
III. Mechanisms of Ozone-induced Accelerated Leaf Senescence297
IV. Implications of Senescence to the Whole Plant301
References303
Chapter 21. Physiology of Flower Senescence307
I. Introduction307
II. Model Systems307
III. Structural and Metabolic Changes Occurring during Senescence308
IV. Regulation of Senescence310
V. Pollination and Senescence314
References316
Chapter 22. Postharvest Senescence of Vegetables and its Regulation319
I. Definitions and Theories of Vegetable Senescence319
II. Specific Patterns of Senescence and its Regulation in Vegetables321
III. Conclusions and Prospects326
References327
Chapter 23. Evolutionary and Demographic Approaches to the Study of Whole Plant Senescence331
I. Introduction331
II. Evolutionary Approaches332
III. Demographic Approaches338
IV. Conclusions344
References345
Chapter 24. Flower Longevity349
I. Introduction349
II. Patterns of Flower Longevity in Nature350
III. Evolutionary Perspective352
IV. Other Issues357
V. Conclusions and Future Directions360
References360
Chapter 25. Ecology of Leaf Senescence363
I. Introduction363
II. Photosynthesis364
III. Herbivory365
IV. Leaf Longevity366
V. Theories of Leaf Longevity367
VI. Leaf Habit and Geographical Pattern368
VII. Leaf Longevity in Different Ecosystems369
References370
Chapter 26. Light Control of Senescence375
I. Introduction375
II. Effects of Darkness376
III. Effects of Light Quantity377
IV. Effects of Light Quality377
V. Photoperiod Effects379
VI. Relationships between Light Effects on Senescence and Hormones380
VII. Genetic Alterations of Light Control of Senescence381
References381
Epilogue385
Index387

Book details

Vendor Elsevier S & T
SKU 9780125209151
ISBN-13 9780080492087
Author Nooden, Larry D.
Category Science
Subject Botany

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Programmed cell death is a common pattern of growth and development in both animals and plants. However, programmed cell death and related processes are not as generally recognized as central to plant growth. This is changing fast and is becoming more of a focus of intensive research. This edited work will bring under one cover recent reviews of programmed cell death, apoptosis and senescence.

Summaries of the myriad aspects of cell death in plants
Discussion of the broadest implications of these disparite results
A unification of fields where there has been no cross talk
Enables easy entry into diverse but related lines of research

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