Plant Disturbance Ecology: The Process and the Response
Johnson, Edward A.; Miyanishi, Kiyoko
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Table of contents
- Copyright pageiv
- Dedication Pagev
- Contentsvii
- Contributorsxiii
- Prefacexvii
- Acknowledgmentsxxi
- Chapter 1: Disturbance and Succession1
- Introduction1
- Disturbance as the Nemesis of Succession2
- The Chronosequence Basis of Succession5
- Coupling Disturbance and Vegetation Processes6
- Conclusion10
- References12
- Chapter 2: The Turbulent Wind in Plant and Forest Canopies15
- Introduction15
- The Structure of the Atmospheric Boundary Layer Over Land17
- Characteristics of Turbulent Flow In and Above Plant Canopies22
- Effects of Topography and Heterogeneity36
- Implications of This Velocity Structure for Canopy Disturbance49
- Summary54
- References56
- Chapter 3: Microbursts and Macrobursts: Windstorms and Blowdowns59
- Introduction59
- Convective Storms and Downbursts60
- Vertical Equation of Motion68
- Climatology71
- Downdrafts, Mesocyclones, and Outflows75
- Microbursts80
- Large-Scale Systems87
- Summary95
- References95
- Additional Reference101
- Chapter 4: Understanding How the Interaction of Wind and Trees Results in Windthrow, Stem Breakage,103
- Introduction103
- Theoretical Core107
- Applied Force110
- Resistive Force123
- Direct Consequences128
- Subsequent Impact of Windthrow, Stem Breakage, and Gap/Patch Formation137
- Summary and Conclusions141
- Acknowledgments143
- References143
- Appendix 1: Glossary and Definitions153
- Chapter 5: Meteorological Conditions Associated with Ice Storm Damage to Forests157
- Introduction157
- Synoptic Conditions for Freezing Rain158
- Climatology of Freezing Rain in Canada167
- Meteorological Evolution of Ice Storm ‘98169
- Possible Changes in Ice Storm Frequency Under a Warming Climate176
- Summary177
- References178
- Chapter 6: The Effect of Icing Events on the Death and Regeneration of North American Trees181
- Introduction181
- The Biomechanics of Branch Breakage During Ice Events With and Without Wind185
- Ice Measurements in the Field200
- A Review of the Literature on Tree Damage Caused By Icing Events201
- The Population Consequences of Major Ice Events206
- References211
- Chapter 7: Disturbance Processes and Dynamics in Coastal Dunes215
- Introduction215
- Dune Types and Disturbance Types and Processes216
- Conclusion240
- Acknowledgments241
- References241
- Chapter 8: Coastal Dune Succession and the Reality of Dune Processes249
- Introduction249
- Traditional Dune Succession Hypothesis252
- Problems with the Dune Succession Hypothesis255
- Process-Response Alternative to Traditional Succession Hypothesis261
- Conclusion273
- Acknowledgments275
- References275
- Chapter 9: Fluvial Geomorphic Disturbances and Life History Traits of Riparian Tree Species283
- Introduction283
- Geomorphic Classification of Riparian Zones and Disturbance Regimes in A Catchment286
- Disturbance, Reliability of Regeneration Habitat, and Life History of Dominant Tree Species290
- Conclusion304
- Acknowledgments306
- References306
- Chapter 10: Water Level Changes in Ponds and Lakes: The Hydrological Processes311
- Introduction311
- Water Balance312
- Case Study: Northern Prairie Wetlands329
- Conclusions334
- Acknowledgments335
- Appendix: List of Symbols335
- References337
- Chapter 11: Development of Post-Disturbance Vegetation in Prairie Wetlands341
- Introduction341
- Wet-Dry Cycles344
- Marsh Ecology Research Program345
- Coenocline Development: Same Pre- and Post-Disturbance Water Levels348
- Coenocline Development: Different Pre- and Post-Disturbance Water Levels357
- Models of Coenocline Development362
- Conclusions366
- References367
- Chapter 12: Modeling Heating Effects371
- Introduction371
- Conservation Laws372
- Simple Examples373
- Application to More Realistic Scenarios382
- Case Study: A Model of Seed Survival387
- Conclusion392
- Acknowledgments393
- Appendix: Notation393
- References394
- Chapter 13: Fire Effects on Grasslands397
- Introduction397
- The Grass Growth Form399
- Regeneration from Seed403
- Grasses as Fuel, Mulch, and Forage405
- Drought Disturbance: A Primary Driver413
- Direct Fire Effects415
- Grassfire and Nutrients424
- Grasses and Woody Plants425
- A Final Caution„Grasses and Fires430
- References431
- Chapter 14: Wildfire and Tree Population Processes441
- Introduction441
- Wildfire Processes and Characteristics443
- Local Populations and Processes455
- Regional Populations and Processes471
- Conclusions477
- References478
- Chapter 15: Insect Defoliators as Periodic Disturbances in Northern Forest Ecosystems487
- Introduction487
- Defoliating Insects as a Distinct Class of Forest Disturbance491
- The Process of Insect Disturbance495
- Population Dynamics of Foliage-Grazers502
- Conclusion518
- Acknowledgments520
- References520
- Chapter 16: Dynamics of Mountain Pine Beetle Outbreaks527
- Introduction527
- Derivation of the Red Top Model531
- Results of the Fully Developed Model547
- Discussion and Conclusion550
- Acknowledgments551
- References552
- Chapter 17: Relationship Between Spruce Budworm Outbreaks and Forest Dynamics in Eastern North Ameri555
- Introduction555
- History of Spruce Budworm Outbreaks Over the Past 8600 Years559
- Variation in Temporal and Spatial Dynamics of Outbreaks: Reflection of Changes in Forest Structure564
- References574
- Chapter 18: Impact of Beaver (Castor canadensis Kuhl) Foraging on Species Composition of Boreal Fore579
- Introduction579
- Herbivory in Boreal Forests581
- Temporal Changes in Beaver Populations582
- Traditional Understanding of Beaver Foraging Impact on Plant Community Structure585
- Understanding Beaver Foraging Impacts on Composition and Dynamics of the Boreal Forest588
- Conclusion597
- Acknowledgments598
- References598
- Chapter 19: Beaver, Willow Shrubs, and Floods603
- Introduction603
- Background607
- Theory for Interaction of Flow and Shrubs622
- Model Results638
- Discussion648
- Summary and Conclusions667
- References670
- Index673
Book details
- Vendor Elsevier S & T
- SKU 9780120887781
- ISBN-13 9780080492957
- Author Johnson, Edward A.; Miyanishi, Kiyoko
- Category Science
- Subject Environmental Science
Do you have questions about this book?
The media coverage of natural disasters (hurricanes, fires, floods, ice storms, etc.) indicates the prevalence of natural disasters in most, if not all, ecosystems. In order for scientists to study, understand, and ultimately predict how these disturbances affect ecosystems, it is necessary for them to know more about the physical processes involved in these disturbances and to learn how to couple these processes to the ecological systems. Essential for all ecologists, forest researchers, and conservation biologists, this book includes chapters on the disturbance processes, how the disturbance causes necrosis or death to individuals, and their effects on population or community processes. In this book, physical scientists who study disturbances provide an introduction to the physical disturbance processes, while ecologists relate this information to the way the vegetation responds to the disturbances. This reference is also key for all researchers hydrology, geomorphology, and environmental management.
* Includes coverage on six different disturbance processes: Wind, Gravity, Geomorphic, Hydrologic, Combustion, and Biotic
* Provides a clear explanation of how some of the physical processes of disturbance affect plant ecological processes
* Offers ecologists an up-to-date understanding of the physical processes and allows them to predict future affects of disturbances
* Unites two related fields by linking the disturbance processes and ecological responses
* Presents physical scientists with ideas of how they might usefully apply their knowledge to advance understanding of ecological systems
* Includes coverage on six different disturbance processes: Wind, Gravity, Geomorphic, Hydrologic, Combustion, and Biotic
* Provides a clear explanation of how some of the physical processes of disturbance affect plant ecological processes
* Offers ecologists an up-to-date understanding of the physical processes and allows them to predict future affects of disturbances
* Unites two related fields by linking the disturbance processes and ecological responses
* Presents physical scientists with ideas of how they might usefully apply their knowledge to advance understanding of ecological systems
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