Primate Models of Children's Health and Developmental Disabilities
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Table of contents
- Contentsv
- Prefaceix
- Abbreviationsxiii
- Chapter 1 Developmental Disabilities and Primate Models Defined1
- INTRODUCTION1
- DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITY DEFINED?3
- PRIMATE MODELS DEFINED4
- NATURAL PRIMATE MODELS OF DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITY6
- THE FUTURE OF PRIMATE MODELS9
- REFERENCES9
- Chapter 2 The Origin of Developmental Psychopathologies: Insights from Nonhuman Primate Studies11
- INTRODUCTION11
- SOCIAL COGNITION AND THE SOCIAL BRAIN12
- DEVELOPMENT OF SOCIAL SKILLS IN MACAQUES17
- DEVELOPMENT OF THE SOCIAL BRAIN IN MACAQUES19
- BEHAVIORAL OUTCOMES FOLLOWING SELECTIVE NEONATAL LESIONS21
- IMPLICATION FOR DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES IN HUMANS26
- CONCLUDING REMARKS AND FUTURE STUDIES31
- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS32
- REFERENCES32
- Chapter 3 Macaque Models of Visual Development and Disability45
- NORMAL DEVELOPMENT OF VISION IN MACAQUE MONKEYS45
- VISUAL DISABILITY IN CHILDHOOD48
- EFFECTS OF VISUAL EXPERIENCE ON VISUAL DEVELOPMENT50
- NUTRITION AND VISUAL DEVELOPMENT63
- CONCLUSIONS63
- REFERENCES65
- Chapter 4 Spontaneous and Experimentally Induced Autoimmune Diseases in Nonhuman Primates71
- INTRODUCTION71
- IMMUNE MECHANISMS IN IMMUNE-MEDIATED INFLAMMATORY DISORDERS75
- SPONTANEOUS AUTOIMMUNITY AND AUTOIMMUNE DISORDERS IN NONHUMAN PRIMATES78
- EXPERIMENTALLY INDUCED AUTOIMMUNE DISORDERS IN NONHUMAN PRIMATES81
- ARTHRITIS MODELS IN NONHUMAN PRIMATES91
- REFERENCES101
- Chapter 5 Self-injurious Behavior: Nonhuman Primate Models for the Human Condition109
- EXPRESSION OF SELF-INJURIOUS BEHAVIOR109
- DEVELOPMENT AND MAINTENANCE OF SELF-INJURIOUS BEHAVIOR112
- TREATMENT123
- CONCLUSIONS129
- REFERENCES132
- Chapter 6 Abnormal Behavior in Nonhuman Primates and Models of Development141
- INTRODUCTION141
- TYPES OF ABNORMAL BEHAVIOR IN MACAQUES141
- FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF ABNORMAL BEHAVIOR144
- THE FUNCTIONS OF ABNORMAL BEHAVIOR IN PRIMATES AND RELATIONSHIP TO MODELS154
- REFERENCES156
- Chapter 7 Neurochemistry and Behavior: Nonhuman Primate Studies161
- INTRODUCTION161
- THE ROLE OF PARENTS IN CNS DEVELOPMENT164
- ATTACHMENT165
- AGGRESSION170
- BIOLOGICAL SUBSTRATES OF AGGRESSION172
- ETIOLOGICAL INVESTIGATIONS OF INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES183
- GENETIC CONTRIBUTIONS184
- GENE–ENVIRONMENT INTERACTION185
- CONCLUSIONS186
- REFERENCES186
- Chapter 8 Assessing Environmental Complexity for Both Normal and Deviant Development201
- INTRODUCTION201
- SENSATION205
- NOVELTY207
- COMPLEXITY208
- A THEORETICAL PROPOSAL210
- AN EXPERIMENTAL MODEL213
- RESPONSIVENESS TO THE ENVIRONMENT216
- CONCLUSION224
- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS224
- REFERENCES225
- Chapter 9 Prenatal Stress Influences on Neurobehavior, Stress Reactivity, and Dopaminergic Function231
- HUMAN STUDIES232
- POSSIBLE MECHANISMS OF PRENATAL STRESS EFFECTS235
- MATERNAL STRESS HORMONES236
- MORPHOLOGICAL AND NEUROTRANSMITTER CHANGES IN PRENATALLY-STRESSED ANIMALS237
- ADVANTAGES OF THE NONHUMAN PRIMATE MODEL OF PRENATAL STRESS EFFECTS238
- NONHUMAN PRIMATE PRENATAL STRESS STUDIES AT THE UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON, SEATTLE239
- PRENATAL STRESS EFFECTS IN RHESUS MONKEYS ON NEUROBEHAVIOR, HPA AXIS REGULATION, AND BRAIN FUNCTION239
- PRENATAL STRESS AND FETAL ALCOHOL EXPOSURE241
- INFANT OUTCOME VARIABLES241
- HYPOTHALAMIC-PITUITARY-ADRENAL AXIS REGULATION246
- STRIATAL DOPAMINE FUNCTION247
- SENSORY PROCESSING249
- SUMMARY251
- REFERENCES252
- Chapter 10 Pediatric AIDS: Maternal„Fetal and Maternal„Infant Transmission of Lentiviruses and E259
- INTRODUCTION259
- DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES IN HIV-INFECTED INFANTS AND CHILDREN262
- REVIEW OF LENTIVIRUS MODELS FOR AIDS IN NONHUMAN PRIMATES263
- EFFECTS OF INFECTION ON INFANT DEVELOPMENT AND NEUROBIOLOGY267
- APPLICATIONS OF THE MODELS FOR ANTIVIRAL INTERVENTION STRATEGIES TO LIMIT VIRAL SPREAD AND MAINTAIN271
- SUMMARY AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS TO REDUCE DEVELOPMENT DISABILITIES275
- DEDICATION276
- REFERENCES276
- Chapter 11 Endocrine Disruption during Brain Development of Nonhuman Primates283
- INTRODUCTION283
- SEXUAL DIFFERENTIATION OF THE BRAIN AND NEURODEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS284
- ARE NONHUMAN PRIMATE MODELS NEEDED TO UNDERSTAND THE IMPACT OF ENDOCRINE DISRUPTION ON SEXUAL DIFFER285
- OVERVIEW OF RELEVANT NONHUMAN PRIMATE STUDIES286
- SOCIAL INTERACTIONS – PRENATAL INTERVENTIONS289
- SOCIAL INTERACTIONS – POSTNATAL INTERVENTIONS291
- PRE/POSTNATAL INTERVENTIONS AND COGNITION293
- INTERVENTIONS IN THE JUVENILE PERIOD295
- IMPORTANT DATA GAPS296
- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS297
- DISCLAIMER297
- REFERENCES297
- Chapter 12 Exposure to Drugs of Abuse: Alterations in Nonhuman Primate Development as Models of Adve301
- INTRODUCTION301
- METHODS FOR ASSESSING COMPLEX BRAIN FUNCTION IN NONHUMAN PRIMATES303
- ALTERED BRAIN FUNCTION AFTER EXPOSURE TO DRUGS OF ABUSE DURING DEVELOPMENT307
- COMMENTS317
- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS317
- REFERENCES318
- Chapter 13 The Use of Nonhuman Primates in Evaluating the Safety of Therapeutic Medications Used Dur325
- INTRODUCTION325
- THERAPEUTIC USES OF DRUGS DURING HUMAN PREGNANCY326
- FETAL SAFETY AND IMPACT OF DRUGS ON FETAL DEVELOPMENT328
- SELECTION OF APPROPRIATE ANIMAL MODEL331
- EFFECTS OF DRUG EXPOSURES VIA BREASTMILK335
- TERATOGENS OF SPECIAL INTEREST335
- SAFETY OF DRUGS USED DURING PREGNANCY343
- OTHER DRUGS OF INTEREST363
- CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS366
- REFERENCES367
- Chapter 14 Exposure to Environmental Chemicals and Developmental Risk: Contributions from Studies wi377
- INTRODUCTION377
- DEFINING ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RISKS IN CHILDREN378
- MONKEYS AS MODELS FOR CHILDHOOD CHEMICAL EXPOSURES380
- MEASURING THE EFFECTS OF EXOGENOUS CHEMICAL EXPOSURE383
- GENERAL CONCLUSIONS407
- REFERENCES407
- Chapter 15 Future Directions: Assisted Reproductive Technologies as Tools for Creating Nonhuman Prim421
- INTRODUCTION421
- BRIEF HISTORY AND STATUS OF NONHUMAN PRIMATE ARTS422
- ARTS AND DISEASE MODELS: OF MICE AND MONKEYS424
- IDENTICAL ANIMALS: WHY CLONE, WHEN YOU CAN TWIN?425
- MONOZYGOTIC TWIN NONHUMAN PRIMATES426
- NONHUMAN PRIMATE EMBRYONIC STEM CELLS431
- TWIN AND EMBRYONIC STEM CELL-BASED MODELS OF DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS436
- LIMITATIONS AND SUPPORT FOR THE ASSISTED REPRODUCTIVE TECHNOLOGIES439
- SUMMARY440
- REFERENCES441
- Index445
- A445
- B446
- C446
- D447
- E447
- F448
- G448
- H448
- I448
- J449
- K449
- L449
- M449
- N450
- O450
- P451
- Q451
- R451
- S451
- T453
- U453
- V453
- W453
- Z453
- Plate Section455
The rate of neurodevelopmental disabilities, including autism, mental retardation, hearing loss and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder is rising in the United States. Although estimates of the prevalence of these disorders vary, figures from the CDC indicate that 4% of all school age children are developmentally disabled. During infancy, many important milestones in behavioral development are shared between human and nonhuman primates. Learning more about the causes of abnormal development in monkeys has provided important insights into the mechanisms underlying neurodevelopmental disabilities in human infants. This book documents the latest research not commonly found in other references, and provides a comprehensive look at the results from decades of work with nonhuman primates as it relates to child development and disability.
* Includes hot topics such as early chemical exposures, immunological influences on development, low birth weight, endocrine disrupters, pediatric AIDS, origin of childhood psychopathologies and assisted reproductive technology
* Represents the significant body of work accumulated since funding for research on developmental disabilities has increased substantially in recent years
* Includes hot topics such as early chemical exposures, immunological influences on development, low birth weight, endocrine disrupters, pediatric AIDS, origin of childhood psychopathologies and assisted reproductive technology
* Represents the significant body of work accumulated since funding for research on developmental disabilities has increased substantially in recent years