Elsevier S & T

Primer on Cerebrovascular Diseases

Caplan, Louis R.; Reis, Donald J.; Siesjo, Bo K.; Weir, Bruce; Welch, K. Michael

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Table of contents

Cover
Contentsv
Contributorsxi
Prefacexix
SECTION I: CEREBRAL BLOOD FLOW1
Chapter 1. Anatomy of Cerebral Circulation3
Chapter 2. Embryogenesis and Angiogenesis5
Chapter 3. Vasoactive Mediators of Cerebral Vessels8
Chapter 4. Biology of Cerebral Vascular Muscle13
Chapter 5. Glial–Vascular Relations17
Chapter 6. Blood–Brain Barrier Transport Mechanisms21
Chapter 7. Brain Edema and the Blood–Brain Barrier25
Chapter 8. CSF: Formation, Absorption, Markers, and Relationship to Blood-Brain Barrier29
Chapter 9. Principles and Methods for Measurement of Cerebral Blood Flow: Experimental Methods34
Chapter 10. The Measurement of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism in Human Subjects38
Chapter 11. Overview of Cerebrovascular Hemodynamics42
Chapter 12. Cerebral Microcirculation45
Chapter 13. Autoregulation of Cerebral Blood Flow51
Chapter 14. Regulation of Cerebral Blood Flow by Carbon Dioxide55
Chapter 15. Oxygen and Cerebral Blood Flow58
Chapter 16. Extrinsic Innervation: Transmitters, Receptors, and Functions„The Sympathetic Nervous60
Chapter 17. Extrinsic Innervation: Transmitters, Receptors, and Functions„The Parasympathetic Nerv63
Chapter 18. Extrinsic Innervation: Transmitters, Receptors, and Functions„The Trigeminovascular Sy67
Chapter 19. Coupling of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism70
Chapter 20. Regulation of Cerebral Blood Flow by Ions75
Chapter 21. Adenosine and Its Receptors: Influence on Cerebral Blood Flow77
Chapter 22. Serotonin and Its Receptors80
Chapter 23. Acetylcholine and Its Receptors82
Chapter 24. Catecholamines and Their Receptors86
Chapter 25. Neuropeptide Transmitters and Their Receptors91
Chapter 26. Eicosanoids and Cerebrovascular Control93
Chapter 27. Nitric Oxide and the Cerebral Circulation96
SECTION II: PATHOGENESIS AND PATHOLOGY99
Chapter 28. Cell Death: Apoptosis versus Necrosis101
Chapter 29. Selective Neuronal Vulnerability and Infarction in Cerebro vascular Disease104
Chapter 30. Evolution of the Brain Lesion Induced by Experimental Focal Ischemia107
Chapter 31. Neuronal Damage in Remote Areas after Focal Cerebral Infarct: Retrograde Degeneration an111
Chapter 32. Astrocyte Reaction to Global Ischemic Brain Injury114
Chapter 33. Reactive Microglia and Ischemic Injury117
Chapter 34. Animal Models of Global and Focal Cerebral Ischemia124
Chapter 35. Transgenic Mice126
Chapter 36. Understanding Gene Function: Antisense Knockdown versus Homologous Recombination Knockou129
Chapter 37. Measurements of Microcirculatory Events in the Brain in Vivo133
Chapter 38. Imaging Techniques for Focal Ischemic Damage136
Chapter 39. Hypertension142
Chapter 40. An Overview of Atherosclerosis145
Chapter 41. Thrombosis148
Chapter 42. Cellular Edema153
Chapter 43. Vasogenic Brain Edema156
Chapter 44. Acidosis as a Complicating Factor in Cerebral Ischemia159
Chapter 45. Hyperthermia and brain Ischemia163
Chapter 46. Production of Free Radicals165
Chapter 47. Peri-infarct Depolarization Waves169
Chapter 48. Cell Calcium Homeostatis and Calcium-Related Ischemic Damage172
Chapter 49. Loss of Neuronal Calcium Homeostasis in Ischemia178
Chapter 50. Mitochondrial Function and Calcium Sequestration during Reperfusion184
Chapter 51. The Excitotoxic Concept187
Chapter 52. Is Calcium Involved in Excitotoxic or Ischemic Neuronal Damage?190
Chapter 53. Lipid Messengers and Prostaglandin Endoperoxide Synthase-2 in Neuronal Cell Death193
Chapter 54. The Role of Inositol Phospholipid Metabolites196
Chapter 55. Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors as a Drug Target in Brain Ischemia199
Chapter 56. Lipid Peroxidation200
Chapter 57. Methods of Evaluating Protein Oxidation Induced by Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury205
Chapter 58. The Role of Nitric Oxide in Cerebral Ischemia207
Chapter 59. Nitric Oxide, Superoxide, and Peroxynitrate in CNS Injury209
Chapter 60. NO-Related Species: Neuroprotection versus Neurodestruction210
Chapter 61. Microvascular Patency in Ischemia and Reperfusion214
Chapter 62. Reperfusion Damage: The Role of PMN Leukocytes217
Chapter 63. Inflammatory Mediators in Brain Microvessels220
Chapter 64. Mechanisms of Acidosis-Related Damage223
Chapter 65. Aberrant Cell Signaling in the Postischemic Brain: An Integrated View227
Chapter 66. Immediate–Early Gene Expression after Global Cerebral Ischemia and Ischemia Tolerance230
Chapter 67. The Heat Shock/Stress Response after Ischemia234
Chapter 68. Trophic Factors and Brain Cell Survival237
Chapter 69. Ischemic Tolerance240
Chapter 70. NMDA and AMPA Receptor Antagonists in Global and Focal Ischemia244
Chapter 71. Sodium Channel Antagonists248
Chapter 72. Adenosine Agonists and Antagonists250
Chapter 73. Phenytoin and Fosphenytoin253
Chapter 74. 21-Aminosteroids257
Chapter 75. Free Radical Scavengers and Spin Traps261
Chapter 76. Cytokines, Growth Factors, Adhesion Molecules, and Inflammation after Ischemia265
Chapter 77. Trophic Factor Treatment for Stroke269
Chapter 78. Hypothermic Neuroprotection in Cerebral Ischemia272
SECTION III: MEDICAL AND SURGICAL ASPECTS277
Chapter 79. Mechanisms of Ischemia in in Situ Vascular Occlusive Disease279
Chapter 80. Brain Embolism286
Chapter 81. Systemic Hypoperfusion Brain Injury289
Chapter 82. Anterior Circulation„Large Artery Occlusive Disease and Embolism293
Chapter 83. Posterior Circulation„Large Artery Occlusive Disease and Embolism298
Chapter 84. Small Artery Occlusive Disease303
Chapter 85. Chronic Vascular Disease of the Brain307
Chapter 86. Stroke and Neoplasia313
Chapter 87. Stroke and the Eye315
Chapter 88. Corticosteroids in Acute Stroke319
Chapter 89. Spinal Stroke321
Chapter 90. Pregnancy, Hormonal Contraception, and Postmenopausal Estrogen Replacement Therapy324
Chapter 91. Ischemic Stroke in the Young330
Chapter 92. Stroke and Migraine333
Chapter 93. Head Pain and Stroke335
Chapter 94. Stroke Secondary to Trauma340
Chapter 95. Radiation Arteriopathy344
Chapter 96. Aortic Arch Atherosclerotic Disease: A New Potential Source of Brain Embolism347
Chapter 97. Rare Stroke351
Chapter 98. Stroke and Seizures Epilepsy355
Chapter 99. Transient Focal Neurologic Events358
Chapter 100. Pediatric Stroke362
Chapter 101. Vascular Dementias364
Chapter 102. Hypertensive Encephalopathy367
Chapter 103. White Matter Disorders371
Chapter 104. Immune Mediated Neurovascular Disease376
Chapter 105. Antiphospholipid Antibody Syndrome381
Chapter 106. Cerebral Venous Thrombosis385
Chapter 107. Spontaneous Dissections of Cervicocephalic Arteries390
Chapter 108. The Heart in Stroke397
Chapter 109. Coagulopathies and Stroke399
Chapter 110. Primary Platelet Disorders401
Chapter 111. Stroke and Sickle Cell Disease405
Chapter 112. CADASIL: Cerebral Autosomal Dominant Arteriopathy with Subcortical Infarcts and Leukoen410
Chapter 113. Toxicity/Substance Abuse413
Chapter 114. Stroke and Infection: Tuberculosis, Brucellosis, and Syphilis417
Chapter 115. AIDS and Stroke423
Chapter 116. Clinical Aspects of Subarachnoid Hemorrhage425
Chapter 117. Clinical Aspects of Intracerebral Hemorrhage432
Chapter 118. Clinical Aspects of Intraventricular Hemorrhage437
Chapter 119. Clinical Aspects of Subdural Hemorrhage (SDH)446
Chapter 120. Timing of Surgery and Special Features of Ruptured Anterior Circulation Aneurysm450
Chapter 121. Surgical Management of the Acutely Ruptured Posterior Circulation Aneurysm455
Chapter 122. Surgical Management of the Patient with a Symptomatic Unruptured Aneurysm462
Chapter 123. Surgical Management of the Patient with an Incidental Asymptomatic Aneurysm470
Chapter 124. Surgical Management of the Patient with a Giant Cerebral Aneurysm475
Chapter 125. Surgical Management of Special Aneurysms480
Chapter 126. Surgical Management of Aneurysms in the Pediatric Age Group484
Chapter 127. Unique Features of Aneurysms by Location487
Chapter 128. Cerebral Vasospasm490
Chapter 129. Pathology of Cerebral Aneurysms and Subarachnoid Hemorrhage498
Chapter 130. Management of Intracerebellar Hematomas and Infarcts503
Chapter 131. Surgical Management of Pituitary Apoplexy508
Chapter 132. Surgical Management of Acutely Ruptured Arteriovenous Malformations511
Chapter 133. Surgical Management of Unruptured Arteriovenous Malformations520
Chapter 134. Special Considerations in Treating Arteriovenous Malformations525
Chapter 135. Cerebral Venous Thrombosis528
Chapter 136. Venous Angiomas533
Chapter 137. Vein of Galen Abnormalities536
Chapter 138. Carotid Cavernous and Other Dural Arteriovenous Fistulas541
Chapter 139. Caverous Malformations549
Chapter 140. Spinal Vascular Malformations556
Chapter 141. Extracranial Arterial Injury567
Chapter 142. The Surgical Management of Lesions in the Vertebrobasilar Circulation570
Chapter 143. Middle Cerebral Artery Embolectomy575
Chapter 144. Extracranial–Intracranial Bypass Surgery578
Chapter 145. Surgery for Ischemic Infarcts580
Chapter 146. Carotid Endarterectomy582
Chapter 147. Surgical Aspects of Moyamoya Disease586
SECTION IV: INVESTIGATION AND MANAGEMENT591
Chapter 148. Clinical Diagnosis and General Laboratory Evaluation593
Chapter 149. Cerebral Spinal Fluid in Stroke597
Chapter 150. Neuroimaging of Stroke599
Chapter 151. Cerebral Arteriography611
Chapter 152. Cervical Ultrasound614
Chapter 153. Transcranial Doppler Sonography and Stroke620
Chapter 154. Cardiac Ultrasound in Stroke Investigation624
Chapter 155. Ultrasound Examination of the Aortic Arch in Stroke628
Chapter 156. Single Photon Emission Tomography (SPECT) in Cerebrovascular Disease634
Chapter 157. PET CBF Investigation of Stroke636
Chapter 158. Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging in the Investigation of Brain Recovery and Reorga640
Chapter 159. Metabolic Studies Using PET in Stroke Investigation644
Chapter 160. Metabolism: Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy and Spectroscopic Imaging650
Chapter 161. Cardiac Electrophysiology in Stroke Investigation660
Chapter 162. Neuropsychological Aspects of Stroke667
Chapter 163. Investigation of Autonomic Dysfunction in Acute Stroke669
Chapter 164. Emergency Strategies671
Chapter 165. General Treatment of Stroke in Intensive Care Settings675
Chapter 166. Physiologic Monitoring of Stroke in Intensive Care Settings678
Chapter 167. Evaluation of Stroke Patients in Intensive Care Settings684
Chapter 168. Management of Hypertension in Stroke687
Chapter 169. Management of Diabetes in Stroke689
Chapter 170. Management of Cardiac/ECG Complications of Stroke692
Chapter 171. Management of Dysautonomia/ Hypotension696
Chapter 172. Management of Cerebral Edema/ICP in Stroke699
Chapter 173. Depression, Psychosis, and Agitation in Stroke703
Chapter 174. Management of Seizures in Acute Stroke706
Chapter 175. Management of Lipid Metabolism708
Chapter 176. Mechanisms of Antiplatelet Agents and the Prevention of Stroke712
Chapter 177. Anticoagulants in Stroke Treatment716
Chapter 178. Thrombolysis for Acute Ischemic Stroke728
Chapter 179. Current Clinical Status of Cytoprotection731
Chapter 180. Management of Acute Stroke with Hyperosmolar Agents737
Chapter 181. Stroke Rehabilitation740
Chapter 182. Rehabilitation: Occupational Therapy for Stroke744
Chapter 183. Rehabilitation: Physical Therapy for Stroke747
Chapter 184. Epidemiology and Risk Factor Management751
Chapter 185. The Prevention of Ischemic Stroke757
Chapter 186. Management of Asymptomatic Extracranial Carotid Artery Disease762
Chapter 187. Stroke-in-Evolution765
Chapter 188. Management of Vascular Dementia767
Chapter 189. Basilar Thrombosis771
Chapter 190. Stroke Units774
Chapter 191. Cardiopulmonary Arrest Resuscitation776
Chapter 192. Cerebrovascular Complications of Cardiac Surgery783
Chapter 193. Management of Atrial Fibrillation786
Chapter 194. Emerging Treatments for Stroke791
Chapter 195. Endovascular Therapy for the Treatment of Cerebrovascular Disease794
Index799

Book details

Vendor Elsevier S & T
SKU 9780127431703
ISBN-13 9780080539515
Author Caplan, Louis R.; Reis, Donald J.; Siesjo, Bo K.; Weir, Bruce; Welch, K. Michael
Category Medical
Subject Reference

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Primer on Cerebrovascular Diseases is a handy reference source for scientists, students, and physicians needing reliable, up-to-date information on basic mechanisms, physiology, pathophysiology, and medical issues related to brain vasculature. The book consists of short, specific chapters written by international experts on cerebral vasculature, and presents the information in a comprehensive and easily accessible manner. The book also contains valuable information on practical applications of basic research.

Key Features
* Presents topics in a comprehensive and accessible format
* Written by international authorities on cerebral vasculature
* Provides practical applications for researchers

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