Elsevier S & T

Progress in Optics

Wolf, Emil

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Table of contents
  • Cover
  • Contentsvii
  • Prefacev
  • Chapter 1. Negative refractive index metamaterials in optics1
  • 1. Introduction3
  • 1.1. Ambidextrous light in a left-handed world3
  • 1.2. Negative index:Brief history8
  • 2. Optical negative index metamaterials:State of the art8
  • 2.1. Plasmonic NIMs9
  • 2.2. Loss management13
  • 2.3. Alternative approaches to negative refraction15
  • 3. Negative refraction and superlens20
  • 3.1. Negative refraction20
  • 3.2. Superlens22
  • 4. Enhanced nonlinearity and its origin in metamaterials25
  • 5. Optical bistability and solitons27
  • 5.1. Generalized nonlinear Schrödinger equation28
  • 5.2. Solitons in plasmonic nanostructures30
  • 5.3. Gap solitons33
  • 5.4. Optical bistability35
  • 5.5. Ultra-narrowspatial solitons36
  • 6. BackwardŽ phase-matching conditions: Implications for nonlinear optics38
  • 6.1. Second-harmonic generation39
  • 6.2. Optical parametric amplification42
  • 7. Surface polaritons,waveguides and resonators44
  • 7.1. Linear surface polaritons44
  • 7.2. Nonlinear surface polaritons47
  • 7.3. NIM slab as a linear waveguide48
  • 7.4. Linear waveguide in nonlinear surroundings51
  • 7.5. Nano-resonators53
  • 8. New frontiers:Metamaterials for cloaking55
  • 9. Summary59
  • Acknowledgements60
  • References60
  • Chapter 2. Polarization techniques for surface nonlinear optics69
  • 1. Introduction71
  • 2. Polarization effects in the nonlinear response of surfaces and thin films73
  • 2.1. Functional formof themeasured signals74
  • 2.2. Approximation of unity refractive indices76
  • 2.3. Polarization arrangements for the characterization of nonlinear samples78
  • 2.4. Low-symmetry samples86
  • 2.5. Experimental considerations87
  • 3. Applications of polarization techniques90
  • 3.1. Chirality and circular-difference response90
  • 3.2. Higher-multipole contributions to the surface nonlinearity of isotropic materials93
  • 4. Complete theoretical model including linear optics101
  • 4.1. Geometry and notational conventions104
  • 4.2. Second-harmonic field exiting from a thick sample108
  • 4.3. Limit of zero thickness111
  • 4.4. Effect on the susceptibility components113
  • 5. Conclusions and outlook115
  • Acknowledgements116
  • References117
  • Chapter 3. Electromagnetic fields in linear bianisotropic mediums, Myi121
  • 1. Introduction123
  • 2. The Maxwell postulates and constitutive relations124
  • 2.1. Maxwell postulates125
  • 2.2. Constitutive relations126
  • 2.3. The frequency domain127
  • 2.4. 6-vector/6 ×6 dyadic notation129
  • 2.5. Forminvariances130
  • 2.6. Constitutive dyadics135
  • 3. Linearmediums142
  • 3.1. Isotropy143
  • 3.2. Anisotropy144
  • 3.3. Bianisotropy151
  • 3.4. Nonhomogeneous mediums153
  • 4. Plane-wave propagation156
  • 4.1. Uniform and non-uniform plane waves157
  • 4.2. Eigenanalysis158
  • 4.3. Isotropic scenarios160
  • 4.4. Anisotropic scenarios161
  • 4.5. Bianisotropic scenarios168
  • 4.6. Nonhomogeneous mediums170
  • 4.7. Planewaveswith negative phase velocity174
  • 5. DyadicGreen functions175
  • 5.1. Definition and properties176
  • 5.2. Closed-formrepresentations178
  • 5.3. Eigenfunction representations183
  • 5.4. Depolarization dyadics185
  • 6. Homogenization192
  • 6.1. Constituent mediums193
  • 6.2. MaxwellGarnett formalism194
  • 6.3. Bruggeman formalism195
  • 6.4. Strong-property-fluctuation theory197
  • 6.5. Anisotropy and bianisotropy via homogenization200
  • 7. Closing remarks201
  • References202
  • Chapter 4. Ultrafast optical pulses211
  • 1. Overviewof ultrashort optical pulses213
  • 1.1. Historic developments in short optical pulse development213
  • 1.2. Outline of chapter214
  • 2. Fundamental properties of optical pulses215
  • 2.1. Amplitudes, envelopes, and intensity215
  • 2.2. Phase, frequency, and group delay218
  • 2.3. Time–bandwidth product220
  • 2.4. The zero areaŽ pulse221
  • 3. Ultrashort-pulse generation222
  • 3.1. Spectral properties of ultrafast lasermaterials222
  • 3.2. Modelocking issues224
  • 3.3. Active and passive modulation226
  • 3.4. Modelocking schemes228
  • 4. Ultrafast-pulse characterization236
  • 4.1. Autocorrelation237
  • 4.2. Frequency-resolved optical gating (FROG)239
  • 5. Ultrafast Ti:sapphire lasers and amplifiers240
  • 5.1. Dispersion control240
  • 5.2. Ultrashort Ti:sapphire lasers242
  • 5.3. Ti:sapphire amplifiers243
  • 6. Attosecond pulses244
  • 7. Conclusion246
  • References247
  • Chapter 5. Quantum imaging251
  • 1. Introduction to quantum imaging253
  • 1.1. Optical parametric down-conversion of type I255
  • 1.2. Spatially multimode versus single-mode squeezing260
  • 1.3. Spatial structure of squeezed vacuum states in the degenerate optical parametric oscillator bel261
  • 1.4. Quantum images in the OPO above and below threshold264
  • 1.5. The interference of signal and idler waves in type I PDC271
  • 2. Quantum spatial intensity correlations in optical parametric down-conversion274
  • 2.1. Degenerate OPO below threshold, spatial quantum correlation and entanglement275
  • 2.2. Multimode-model for single-pass parametric down-conversion279
  • 2.3. Single-pass PDC of type I. Near-field/far-field duality282
  • 2.4. Single-pass PDC of type II. Simultaneous near-field and far-field spatial correlation285
  • 2.5. Detection of sub-shot-noise spatial correlation in the high gain regime of type II PDC. Spatial288
  • 2.6. Detection of weak amplitude objects beyond the standard quantum limit295
  • 2.7. Multimode polarization entanglement in high-gain PDC295
  • 3. Ghost imaging298
  • 3.1. General theory of ghost imaging with entangled beams300
  • 3.2. Two paradigmatic imaging schemes302
  • 3.3. Spatial average in ghost diffraction: Increase of spatial bandwidth and of speed in retrieval.305
  • 3.4. Debate: Is quantum entanglement really necessary for ghost imaging?307
  • 3.5. Ghost imaging by splitted thermal-like beams: Theory309
  • 3.6. Resolution aspects, correlation aspects, visibility aspects311
  • 3.7. Ghost imaging with splitted thermal beams: Experiment313
  • 3.8. Complementarity between thermalŽ ghost imaging and the classic Hanbury-Brown… Twiss (HBT) c317
  • 4. Image amplification by parametric down-conversion319
  • 4.1. Twin (quantumentangled) images319
  • 4.2. Noiseless amplification of images321
  • 4.3. Theory of noiseless amplification of optical images324
  • 4.4. Noiseless amplification of optical images: Experiments in the pumped regime326
  • 4.5. Noiseless amplification of optical images: Experiment in the cw regime. Experimental observatio328
  • 5. The quantumlaser pointer329
  • 5.1. 1Dexperiment331
  • 5.2. 2Dquantumlaser pointer332
  • 6. Miscellaneous335
  • 6.1. Object reconstruction336
  • 6.2. Entangled two-photon microscopy337
  • 6.3. Quantum-optical coherence tomography338
  • 6.4. Quantum ellipsometry338
  • 6.5. Transverse distribution of quantum fluctuations in free-space spatial solitons338
  • 6.6. Quantumfluctuations in cavity solitons339
  • 6.7. Quantum holographic teleportation and dense coding of optical images339
  • 6.8. Quantum-optical lithography341
  • References343
  • Chapter 6. Assessment of optical systems by means of point-spread functions349
  • 1. Introduction351
  • 1.1. The optical point-spread function352
  • 1.2. Quality assessment by inverse problem solving354
  • 2. Theory of point-spread function formation355
  • 2.1. Field representations and the diffraction integral355
  • 2.2. TheDebye integral for focusedfields359
  • 2.3. The Rayleigh-I integral for focused fields362
  • 2.4. Comparison of the various diffraction integrals364
  • 2.5. The amplitude of the point-spread function produced by an optical system367
  • 2.6. Analytic expressions for the point-spread function in the focal region (scalar case)376
  • 2.7. Analytic expressions for the point-spread function in the vector diffraction case384
  • 2.8. The point-spread function in a stratified medium389
  • 3. Energy density and powerflowin the focal region391
  • 3.1. Expression for the electric energy density391
  • 3.2. Expression for thePoynting vector403
  • 4. Quality assessment by inverse problem solution409
  • 4.1. Intensitymeasurements and phase retrieval410
  • 4.2. The optical inverse problem for finite-aperture imaging systems411
  • 4.3. Solving the optical inverse problem using phase diversity415
  • 5. Quality assessment using the Extended Nijboer–Zernike diffraction theory417
  • 5.1. Scalar retrieval process using the Extended Nijboer–Zernike theory419
  • 5.2. Pupil function retrieval for high-NA imaging systems431
  • 5.3. Retrieval examples for high-NAsystems435
  • 6. Conclusion and outlook454
  • Acknowledgements455
  • Appendix A: Derivation of Weyl’s plane wave expansion of a spherical wave456
  • Appendix B: The Debye integral in the presence of aberrations457
  • Appendix C: Series expansion of the diffraction integral at large defocus458
  • Appendix D: Series expansion for the diffraction integral V <sup>m</sup> <sub>n, j</sub>(r, f )459
  • D.1. Expansion using the functions V<sup>m</sup> <sub>n</sub> (r, f)460
  • D.2. Expansion using the functions T<sup>m</sup> <sub>n</sub> (r, f)461
  • AppendixE:The predictor–corrector procedure463
  • Appendix F: Zernike coefficients for circularly symmetric polarization states465
  • References466
  • Chapter 7. The discrete Wigner function469
  • 1. Introduction471
  • 2. Continuous Wigner function476
  • 3. Discretefinite space andfinitefields477
  • 4. The generalizedPauli group480
  • 4.1. Prime-dimensional spaces480
  • 4.2. Power-of-a-prime-dimensional spaces481
  • 5. Mutually unbiased bases485
  • 6. The discreteWigner function488
  • 6.1. Wigner function in prime-dimensional spaces488
  • 6.2. Wigner function in composite-dimensional spaces495
  • 6.3. Wigner function for pN-dimensional space496
  • 7. Reconstruction of the density operator from the discrete Wigner function498
  • 7.1. Lines and rays498
  • 7.2. Marginal probability density and the density operator500
  • 7.3. Tomographic reconstruction501
  • 7.4. Rotation operators502
  • 7.5. The phase of the displacement operator507
  • 8. Applications509
  • 9. Discussion and outlook512
  • Acknowledgements513
  • References514
  • Author index forVolume 51517
  • Subject index for volume 51533
  • Contents of previous volumes537
  • Cumulative index – Volumes 1–51549
Book details
  • Vendor Elsevier S & T
  • SKU 9780444532114
  • ISBN-13 9780080557687
  • Author Wolf, Emil
  • Category Technology & Engineering
  • Subject Optics

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Description eBook delivery & access Reviews
In the fourty-six years that have gone by since the first volume of Progress in Optics was published, optics has become one of the most dynamic fields of science. The volumes in this series which have appeared up to now contain more than 300 review articles by distinguished research workers, which have become permanent records for many important developments.

- Metamaterials
- Polarization Techniques
- Linear Baisotropic Mediums
- Ultrafast Optical Pulses
- Quantum Imaging
- Point-Spread Funcions
- Discrete Wigner Functions