Elsevier S & T

Quantification of Brain Function Using PET

Myers, Ralph

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Table of contents

Contentsv
Contributorsxvii
Forewordxxvii
Acknowledgmentsxxix
PART I: TRACER SELECTION1
Chapter 1. In Vivo-in Vitro Correlations: An Example from Vesicular Monoamine Transporters3
I. Introduction3
II. Materials and Methods3
III. Results and Discussion4
References7
Chapter 2. The Noncatechol Tracer 6-Fluoro-m- tyrosine: Extrastriatal Distribution of Dopaminergic F9
I. Introduction9
II. Materials and Methods9
III. Results and Discussion10
References11
Chapter 3. Quantification of Dopamine Receptors and Transporter in Rat Striatum Using a Small Animal12
I. Introduction12
II. Materials and Methods12
III. Results and Discussion14
References15
Chapter 4. Applicability of Experimental PET in Animal Models for the Interpretation of Incidental F16
I. Introduction16
II. Methods16
III. Results17
IV. Discussion19
References19
Chapter 5. The MOC Counter: A Pharmacological Tool for the in Vivo Measurement of Ligand Occupancy I20
I. Introduction20
II. The Multiple Organs Coincidences Counter21
III. Is it Possible to Obtain an Index of Occupancy Using the MOCC?21
IV. Does the Collection of Information from Multiple Organs Give Additional Information?22
V. What Conclusions Can Be Drawn from Experiments Where There Is a Failure of Changing a Signal by P23
VI. Discussion23
References25
Chapter 6. Autoradiography as a Tool for PET/SPECT Tracer Selection and Assessment26
I. Introduction26
II. Materials and Methods26
III. Results and Discussion27
References32
Chapter 7. Radioactive Metabolites of the 5-HT1A Receptor Radioligand, [ O-methyl -11C]WAY- 100635,34
I. Introduction34
II. Materials and Methods35
III. Results and Discussion35
References37
Chapter 8. [11C]Nefopam as a Potential PET Tracer of Serotonin Reuptake Sites: Initial Findings in L38
I. Introduction38
II. Methods38
III. Results and Discussion40
References41
Chapter 9. The Effect of Amine pKa on the Transport and Binding of Amphetamine Analogs in the Pig Br42
I. Introduction42
II. Materials and Methods43
III. Results and Discussion44
References46
Chapter 10. Tracer Selection Summary47
PART II: DATA ACQUISITION49
Chapter 11. Application of Simultaneous Emission and Transmission Scanning to Quantitative Cerebral51
I. Introduction51
II. Materials and Methods51
III. Results and Discussion53
IV. Summary55
References55
Chapter 12. A New PET Camera for Noninvasive Quantitation of Physiological Functional Parametric Ima57
I. Introduction57
II. Materials and Methods58
III. Results and Discussion59
References61
Chapter 13. Development of an On-Line Blood Detector System for PET Studies in Small Animals62
I. Introduction62
II. Materials and Methods62
III. Results and Discussion63
IV. Conclusion66
References66
Chapter 14. Noninvasive Determination of Arterial Input of 15 Tracers, Using a Dual Cutaneous β-Det67
I. Introduction67
II. System Configuration and Theory67
III. Subjects and Methods69
IV. Results and Discussion69
References71
Chapter 15. Dispersion Correction for Automatic Sampling of O-15-Labeled H20 and Red Blood Cells72
I. Introduction72
II. Materials and Methods73
III. Results and Discussion73
References75
Chapter 16. Scatter Correction for Brain Receptor Quantitation in 3D PET76
I. Introduction76
II. Materials and Methods77
III. Results and Discussion78
References81
Chapter 17. Implementation of 3D Acquisition, Reconstruction, and Analysis of Dynamic [18F]Fluorodop82
I. Introduction82
II. Methods83
III. Results and Discussion85
References87
Chapter 18. Quantitation of the [18F]Fluorodopa Uptake in the Human Striata in 3D PET with the ETM S88
I. Introduction88
II. Materials and Methods88
III. Results and Discussion89
References92
Chapter 19. 3D PET Activation Studies with an H2 15 O Bolus Injection: Count Rate Performance and Do93
I. Introduction93
II. Materials and Methods94
III. Results and Discussion94
IV. Conclusion96
References97
Chapter 20. Optimization of Noninvasive Activation Studies with O-15-Water and 3D PET98
I. Introduction98
II. Materials and Methods98
III. Results and Discussion100
References101
Chapter 21. Data Acquisition Summary102
References105
PART III: DATA PROCESSING107
Chapter 22. Sinogram Recovery of Dynamic PET Using Principal Component Analysis and Projections onto109
I. Introduction109
II. Materials and Methods110
III. Results and Discussion111
References111
Chapter 23. Minimum Cross-Entropy Reconstruction of PET Images Using Prior Anatomical Information Ob113
I. Introduction113
II. Theory114
III. Methods115
IV. Results and Discussion115
References117
Chapter 24. MR-Guided PET Reconstruction and Problems with Anatomical Misinformation118
I. Introduction118
II. Materials and Methods118
III. Results and Discussion119
References122
Chapter 25. Automatic 3D Regional MRI Segmentation and Statistical Probability Anatomy Maps123
I. Introduction123
II. Methods125
III. Results127
IV. Discussion128
References130
Chapter 26. Difference Image vs Ratio Image Error Function Forms in PET–PET Realignment131
I. Introduction and Theory131
II. Methods133
III. Results and Discussion133
References137
Chapter 27. Tailored Coregistration of Striata for Dopaminergic PET138
I. Introduction138
II. Materials and Methods138
III. Results and Discussion139
References140
Chapter 28. Optimization of PET-MRI Image Registration141
I. Introduction141
II. Methods141
III. Results and Discussion142
References145
Chapter 29. Feature-Matching Axial Averaging Method for Enhancing Signal-to-Noise Ratio of Images Ge147
I. Introduction147
II. Theory and Methods147
III. Results and Discussion148
References151
Chapter 30. MR-Based Correction of Partial Volume Effects in Brain PET Imaging152
I. Introduction152
II. Methods and Materials153
III. Results155
IV. Discussion155
References157
Chapter 31. In Vivo Correction Method for Partial Volume Effects in Positron Emission Tomography: Ac158
I. Introduction158
II. Materials and Methods159
III. Results and Discussion162
References165
Chapter 32. Dissolution of Partial Volume Effect in PET by an Inversion Technique with the MR-Embedd166
I. Introduction166
II. Method166
III. Results168
References169
Chapter 33. The Effect of Spatial Correlation on the Quantification in Positron Emission Tomography170
I. Introduction170
II. Materials and Methods171
III. Results and Discussion172
References174
Chapter 34. Integrated Quantitative Analysis of Functional and Morphological 3D Data by Volumes of I175
I. Introduction175
II. Methods175
III. Comment179
References179
Chapter 35 . Data Processing Summary181
References182
PART IV: KINETIC ANALYSIS183
Chapter 36. Absolute Cerebral Blood Flow with [ 15 O]Water and PET: Determination Without a Measured185
I. Introduction185
II. Materials and Methods186
III. Results and Discussion188
References190
Chapter 37. Noninvasive Quantification of rCBF Using Positron Emission Tomography191
I. Introduction191
II. Theory191
III. Results and Discussion192
IV. Summary194
References194
Chapter 38. A Sensitivity Analysis of Model Parameters in Dynamic Blood Flow Studies Using H2 15O an196
I. Introduction196
II. Methods196
III. Results and Discussion199
References200
Chapter 39. Generation of Maps of Dispersion Time Constant and Tracer Arrival Delay Using [15O]Carbo201
I. Introduction201
II. Materials and Methods201
III. Results and Discussion204
References205
Chapter 40. Quantitative Noninvasive Estimation of rCBF by Using [150]Water and PET206
I. Introduction206
II. Theory206
III. Materials and Methods207
IV. Results and Discussion207
References208
Chapter 41. Correction for Global Metabolism in FDG PET Brain Images Using Linear Regression and Ana209
I. Introduction209
II. Materials and Methods210
III. Results and Discussion211
References213
Chapter 42. A Kinetic Model for Double Injection 18FDG Studies214
I. Introduction214
II. Theory214
III. Methods216
IV. Results and Discussion216
References218
Chapter 43. Combined FDOPA and 3-O-MFD PET Studies in Parkinson's Disease: Modeling Issues and Clini219
I. Introduction219
II. Materials and Methods220
III. Results and Discussion222
References223
Chapter 44. Evaluation of Three Assumptions Regarding Blood–Brain Transport of 6-[18F]Fluoro-L-dop224
I. Introduction224
II. Materials and Methods224
III. Results and Discussion225
References226
Chapter 45. Links between 6-Fluorodopa and 6- Fluoro-3-O-methyldopa Kinetics: Prospects for Refined227
I. Introduction227
II. Methods228
III. Results and Discussion229
References230
Chapter 46. Fluorodopa Positron Emission Tomography with an Inhibitor of Catechol- O-methyltransfera232
I. Introduction232
II. Materials and Methods233
III. Results and Discussion234
References236
Chapter 47. Comparison of Ratio and Slope–Intercept Plot-Based Images of [18F]Fluoro-L-dopa Uptake237
I. Introduction237
II. Methods238
III. Results and Discussion239
References241
Chapter 48. Parametric Images of Benzodiazepine Receptor Concentration243
I. Introduction243
II. Methods244
III. Review of Previously Published Methods245
IV. Results and Discussion246
V. Conclusion247
References248
Chapter 49. Analyzing PET Receptor Studies of Multiple Injections of Varying Specific Activities: Pr249
I. Introduction249
II. Methods250
III. Results and Discussion252
References256
Chapter 50. Kinetic Modeling of Serotonin-IA Binding in Monkeys Using [11C]WAY 100635 and PET257
I. Introduction257
II. Materials and Methods258
III. Results and Discussion259
References261
Chapter 51. Measurement of [11C]Raclopride Binding Using a Bolus plus Infusion Protocol262
I. Introduction262
II. Materials and Methods262
III. Results and Discussion263
References265
Chapter 52. The Analysis of Brain PET Radioligand Displacement Studies266
I. Introduction266
II. Theory267
III. Method268
IV. Results268
V. Discussion268
References270
Chapter 53. An Artificial Neural Network Approach to Estimation of the Regional Glucose Metabolism U271
I. Introduction271
II. Sokoloff's Kinetic Model271
III. Experimental Setup272
IV. Neural Network Optimization274
V. Conclusion276
References276
Chapter 54. Parameter Estimation of the Fluorodeoxyglucose Model with a Neural Network277
I. Introduction277
II. Methods277
III. Results280
IV. Discussion281
References281
Chapter 55. Redundant-Weighted Integration Method for FDG Parametric Image Creation Using Linear Lea282
I. Introduction282
II. Theory282
III. Method283
IV. Results and Discussion284
V. Conclusion286
References286
Chapter 56. The Application of Fuzzy Control to Compartment Model Analysis for Shortening Computatio287
I. Introduction287
II. Method287
III. Materials288
IV. Result289
V. Discussion291
VI. Conclusion291
References291
Chapter 57. Generation of Parametric Images Using Factor Analysis of Dynamic PET292
I. Introduction292
II. Materials and Methods293
III. Results and Discussion294
References296
Chapter 58. Parametric Imaging by Mixture Analysis in 3D Validation for Dual-Tracer Glucose Studies297
I. Introduction297
II. Materials and Methods297
III. Results and Discussion299
References300
Chapter 59. A Cluster Analysis Approach for the Characterization of Dynamic PET Data301
I. Introduction301
II. Methods301
III. Results and Discussion302
IV. Summary305
References306
Chapter 60. Patlak Analysis Applied to Sinogram Data307
I. Introduction307
II. Materials and Methods307
III. Results and Discussion309
References311
Chapter 61. A Graphical Method of Determining Tracer Influx Constants in the Presence of Labeled Met312
I. Introduction312
II. Background and Theory313
III. Implementation Considerations315
IV. Discussion315
V. Conclusions316
References316
Chapter 62. Quantitative Imaging of [11C]Benztropine in the Human Brain with Graphic Analysis and Sp317
I. Introduction317
II. Materials and Methods318
III. Results and Discussion319
References320
Chapter 63. Kinetic Analysis Summary321
I. Introduction321
II. Cerebral Blood Flow321
III. Glucose Metabolism321
IV. FDOPA321
V. Receptor Modeling322
VI. Parameter Estimation322
VII. Image and Volume Kinetic Analysis322
VIII. Graphical Analysis322
IX. Summary322
PART V: STATISTICAL ANALYSIS325
Chapter 64. A Unified Statistical Approach for Determining Significant Signals in Location and Scale327
I. Introduction327
II. Previous Results for Large Search Regions327
III. Search Regions of any Shape or Size330
IV. Unified P-Value for Z, T, X2, and F Fields331
V. Unified P-Value for Scale Space Searches331
References332
Chapter 65. Nonparametric Analysis of Statistic Images from Functional Mapping Experiments334
I. Introduction and Motivation334
II. Method335
III. Results336
IV. Discussion339
References340
Chapter 66. Individual Detection of Activations Using Amplitude and Size Information: Evaluation of342
I. Introduction342
II. Methods343
III. Results and Discussion345
References347
Chapter 67. Transformations to Normality and Independence for Parametric Significance Testing of Dat349
I. Introduction349
II. Methods350
III. Results and Discussion351
References352
Chapter 68. Improved Analysis of Functional Activation Studies Involving Within-Subject Replications353
I. Introduction353
II. Two-Way ANOVA and Contrast Analysis354
III. Theoretical Arguments in Favor of a Three- Way Model355
IV. Reproducibility„Fixed vs Random Effects Models356
V. Separation of Task, Replication, and Task- Replication AN(C)OVA Analyses in the Three-Way Model357
VI. Additional Statistical Refinements358
References358
Chapter 69. Smoothness Variance Estimate and Its Effects on Probability Values in Statistical Parame359
I. Introduction359
II. Materials and Methods359
III. Results360
IV. Discussion and Conclusion361
References361
Chapter 70. Proportionality of Reaction CBF to Baseline CBF with Neural Activation and Deactivation362
I. Introduction362
II. Method and Materials362
III. Results and Discussion363
IV. Conclusion364
References364
Chapter 71. Counts vs Flow: When Does It Matter?365
I. Introduction365
II. Materials and Methods366
III. Results and Discussion369
References370
Chapter 72. Analyzing a European PET Activation Study: Lessons from a Multicenter Experiment372
I. Introduction372
II. Materials and Methods372
III. Results373
IV. Discussion and Conclusion374
References377
Chapter 73. [15O]Water PET: More "Noise" Than Signal?378
I. Iniroduction378
II. Materials and Methods379
III. Results and Discussion379
References382
Chapter 74. A Comparison of Four PixeI-Based Analyses for PET384
I. Introduction384
II. Methods384
III. Results and Discussion386
References388
Chapter 75. A Comparison of Approaches to the Statistical Analysis of Cognitive Activation Studies U389
I. Introduction389
II. Results391
III. Conclusions392
References392
Chapter 76. Comparative Analysis of rCBF Increases in Voluntary Index Flexion Movements393
I. Introduction393
II. Methods394
III. Results and Discussion394
References396
Chapter 77. A High-Resolution Anatomic Reference for PET Activation Studies398
I. Introduction398
II. Methods399
III. Results and Discussion400
References403
Chapter 78. An Elastic Image Transformation Method for 3D Intersubject Brain Image Mapping404
I. Introduction404
II. Methods406
III. Validation Results408
IV. Discussion408
References409
Chapter 79. Individual Hemodynamic vs Metabolic Functional Anatomy of Repeating Words: A Study Using410
I. Introduction410
II. Subjects and Methods411
III. Results411
IV. Discussion413
References414
Chapter 80. Dynamic Imaging of a PET Activation Experiment: Do rCBF Changes Persist after an Activat415
I. Introduction415
II. Method416
III. Results and Discussion418
IV. Conclusion419
References419
Chapter 81. Mapping of Change in Cerebral Glucose Utilization Using [18F]FDG Double Injection and Ne421
I. Introduction421
II. Materials and Methods421
III. Results and Discussion423
References423
Chapter 82. PET Imaging of Neuromodulation: Designing Experiments to Detect Endogenous Transmitter R425
I. Introduction425
II. Methods426
III. Results and Discussion427
References432
Chapter 83. Statistical Analysis Summary434
I. Introduction434
II. Comparisons of Statistical Methods434
III. Physiology436
IV. Anatomy436
V. Conclusion437
Index439
Color Plate SectionColor Plate-1

Book details

Vendor Elsevier S & T
SKU 9780123897602
ISBN-13 9780080540108
Author Myers, Ralph
Category Medical
Subject Neuroscience

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Functional imaging of the brain is one of the most rapidly advancing areas of neuroscience and Positron Emission Tomography (PET) plays a major role in this progress. This book provides a comprehensive overview of the current status of PET and state-of-the-art neuroimaging. It is comprised of summaries of the presentations by experts in the field. Topics covered include radiotracer selection, advances in instrumentation, image reconstruction and data analysis, and statistical mapping of brain activity. This book focuses on the accuracy of the functional image and the strategies for addressing clinical, scientific, and diagnostic questions.

Covers the PET imaging process from tracer selection to analysis and interpretation
Contains 79 concise reports with abundant illustrations
The definitive state-of-the-art book for functional neuroscience with PET

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