Radiative Heat Transfer
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Table of contents
- Cover
- Contentsvii
- Preface to the Second Editionxiv
- List of Symbolsxvii
- Chapter 1. Fundamentals of Thermal Radiation1
- 1.1 Introduction1
- 1.2 The Nature of Thermal Radiation3
- 1.3 Basic Laws of Thermal Radiation4
- 1.4 Emissive Power6
- 1.5 Solid Angles11
- 1.6 Radiative Intensity13
- 1.7 Radiative Heat Flux16
- 1.8 Radiation Pressure17
- 1.9 Visible Radiation (Luminance)18
- 1.10 Introduction to Radiation Characteristics of Opaque Surfaces20
- 1.11 Introduction to Radiation Characteristics of Gases22
- 1.12 Introduction to Radiation Characteristics of Solids and Liquids24
- 1.13 Introduction to Radiation Characteristics of Particles24
- 1.14 Outline of Radiative Transport Theory26
- References27
- Problems28
- Chapter 2. Radiative Property Predictions from Electromagnetic Wave Theory30
- 2.1 Introduction30
- 2.2 The Macroscopic Maxwell Equations31
- 2.3 Electromagnetic Wave Propagation in Unbounded Media32
- 2.4 Polarization37
- 2.5 Reflection and Transmission42
- 2.6 Theories for Optical Constants57
- References60
- Problems60
- Chapter 3. Radiative Properties of Real Surfaces61
- 3.1 Introduction61
- 3.2 Definitions62
- 3.3 Predictions from Electromagnetic Wave Theory73
- 3.4 Radiative Properties of Metals76
- 3.5 Radiative Properties of Nonconductors84
- 3.6 Effects of Surface Roughness90
- 3.7 Effects of Surface Damage and Oxide Films95
- 3.8 Radiative Properties of Semitransparent Sheets96
- 3.9 Special Surfaces103
- 3.10 Experimental Methods107
- References121
- Problems126
- Chapter 4. View Factors131
- 4.1 Introduction131
- 4.2 Definition of View Factors132
- 4.3 Methods for the Evaluation of View Factors136
- 4.4 Area Integration137
- 4.5 Contour Integration141
- 4.6 View Factor Algebra145
- 4.7 The Crossed-Strings Method149
- 4.8 The Inside-Sphere Method154
- 4.9 The Unit Sphere Method156
- References158
- Problems158
- Chapter 5. Radiative Exchange Between Gray, Diffuse Surfaces162
- 5.1 Introduction162
- 5.2 Radiative Exchange Between Black Surfaces163
- 5.3 Radiative Exchange Between Gray, Diffuse Surfaces168
- 5.4 Electrical Network Analogy175
- 5.5 Solution Methods for the Governing Integral Equations179
- References189
- Problems190
- Chapter 6. Radiative Exchange Between Partially-Specular Gray Surfaces198
- 6.1 Introduction198
- 6.2 Specular View Factors200
- 6.3 Enclosures with Partially-Specular Surfaces203
- 6.4 Electrical Network Analogy216
- 6.5 Radiation Shields217
- 6.6 Semitransparent Sheets (Windows)219
- 6.7 Solution of the Governing Integral Equation223
- 6.8 Concluding Remarks225
- References226
- Problems227
- Chapter 7. Radiative Exchange Between Nonideal Surfaces233
- 7.1 Introduction233
- 7.2 Radiative Exchange Between Nongray Surfaces234
- 7.3 Directionally Nonideal Surfaces238
- 7.4 Analysis for Arbitrary Surface Characteristics246
- References247
- Problems248
- Chapter 8. Surface Radiative Exchange in the Presence of Conduction and Convection250
- 8.1 Introduction250
- 8.2 Conduction and Surface Radiation„Fins251
- 8.3 Convection and Surface Radiation254
- References258
- Problems261
- Chapter 9. The Equation of Radiative Transfer in Participating Media263
- 9.1 Introduction263
- 9.2 Radiative Intensity in Vacuum264
- 9.3 Attenuation by Absorption and Scattering265
- 9.4 Augmentation by Emission and Scattering267
- 9.5 The Equation of Transfer269
- 9.6 Formal Solution to the Equation of Transfer271
- 9.7 Boundary Conditions for the Equation of Transfer274
- 9.8 Radiation Energy Density275
- 9.9 Radiative Heat Flux276
- 9.10 Divergence of the Radiative Heat Flux277
- 9.11 Integral Formulation of the Equation of Transfer279
- 9.12 Overall Energy Conservation281
- 9.13 Solution Methods for the Equation of Transfer282
- References284
- Problems285
- Chapter 10. Radiative Properties of Molecular Gases288
- 10.1 Fundamental Principles288
- 10.2 Emission and Absorption Probabilities290
- 10.3 Atomic and Molecular Spectra292
- 10.4 Line Radiation297
- 10.5 Spectral Models for Radiative Transfer Calculations304
- 10.6 Narrow Band Models307
- 10.7 Narrow Band k-Distributions317
- 10.8 Wide Band Models324
- 10.9 Total Emissivity and Mean Absorption Coefficient339
- 10.10 Experimental Methods346
- References352
- Problems356
- Chapter 11. Radiative Properties of Particulate Media361
- 11.1 Introduction361
- 11.2 Absorption and Scattering from a Single Sphere362
- 11.3 Radiative Properties of a Particle Cloud368
- 11.4 Radiative Properties of Small Spheres (Rayleigh Scattering)373
- 11.5 Rayleigh-Gans Scattering375
- 11.6 Anomalous Diffraction376
- 11.7 Radiative Properties of Large Spheres377
- 11.8 Absorption and Scattering by Long Cylinders383
- 11.9 Approximate Scattering Phase Functions385
- 11.10 Experimental Determination of Radiative Properties of Particles390
- 11.11 Radiation Properties of Combustion Particles394
- References405
- Problems410
- Chapter 12. Radiative Properties of Semitransparent Media413
- 12.1 Introduction413
- 12.2 Absorption by Semitransparent Solids414
- 12.3 Absorption by Semitransparent Liquids416
- 12.4 Experimental Methods418
- References421
- Problems422
- Chapter 13. Exact Solutions for One-Dimensional Gray Media423
- 13.1 Introduction423
- 13.2 General Formulation for a Plane-Parallel Medium424
- 13.3 Radiative Equilibrium of a Nonscattering Medium428
- 13.4 Radiative Equilibrium of a Scattering Medium433
- 13.5 Plane Medium with Specified Temperature Field434
- 13.6 Radiative Transfer in Spherical Media436
- 13.7 Radiative Transfer in Cylindrical Media440
- 13.8 Nuiherical Solution of the Governing Integral Equations444
- References445
- Problems446
- Chapter 14. Approximate Solution Methods for One-Dimensional Media449
- 14.1 The Optically Thin Approximation450
- 14.2 The Optically Thick Approximation (Diffusion Approximation)451
- 14.3 The Schuster-Schwarzschild Approximation456
- 14.4 The Milne-Eddington Approximation (Moment Method)458
- 14.5 The Exponential Kernel Approximation461
- References463
- Problems463
- Chapter 15. The Method of Spherical Harmonics (P N -Approximation)465
- 15.1 Introduction465
- 15.2 Development of the General P N -Approximation466
- 15.3 Boundary Conditions for the P N -Method469
- 15.4 The P1-Approximation472
- 15.5 P3-and Higher-Order Approximations479
- 15.6 Enhancements to the P1-Approximation483
- References492
- Problems494
- Chapter 16. The Method of Discrete Ordinates (S N -Approximation)498
- 16.1 Introduction498
- 16.2 General Relations499
- 16.3 The One-Dimensional Slab502
- 16.4 One-Dimensional Concentric Spheres and Cylinders507
- 16.5 Multidimensional Problems513
- 16.6 The Finite Volume Method523
- 16.7 Other Related Methods529
- 16.8 Concluding Remarks530
- References530
- Problems536
- Chapter 17. The Zonal Method539
- 17.1 Introduction539
- 17.2 Surface Exchange „ No Participating Medium539
- 17.3 Radiative Exchange in Gray Absorbing/Emitting Media545
- 17.4 Radiative Exchange in Gray Media with Isotropic Scattering551
- 17.5 Radiative Exchange through a Nongray Medium558
- 17.6 Determination of Direct Exchange Areas561
- References561
- Problems562
- Chapter 18. The Treatment of Collimated Irradiation565
- 18.1 Introduction565
- 18.2 Reduction of the Problem568
- 18.3 The Modified P1-Approximation with Collimated Irradiation571
- 18.4 Short-Pulsed Collimated Irradiation with Transient Effects574
- References577
- Problems579
- Chapter 19. The Treatment of Nongray Extinction Coefficients581
- 19.1 Introduction581
- 19.2 The Mean Beam Length Method583
- 19.3 Semigray Approximations589
- 19.4 The Stepwise-Gray Model (Box Model)592
- 19.5 General Band Model Formulation603
- 19.6 The Weighted-Sum-of-Gray-Gases (WSGG) Model611
- 19.7 k-Distribution Models616
- 19.8 The Full-Spectrum k-Distribution (FSK) Method617
- References637
- Problems641
- Chapter 20. The Monte Carlo Method for Thermal Radiation644
- 20.1 Introduction644
- 20.2 Numerical Quadrature by Monte Carlo648
- 20.3 Heat Transfer Relations for Radiative Exchange Between Surfaces649
- 20.4 Random Number Relations for Surface Exchange651
- 20.5 Surface Description655
- 20.6 Ray Tracing655
- 20.7 Heat Transfer Relations for Participating Media658
- 20.8 Random Number Relations for Participating Media659
- 20.9 Overall Energy Conservation666
- 20.10 Efficiency Considerations667
- 20.11 Backward Monte Carlo669
- 20.12 Example Problems673
- References676
- Problems678
- Chapter 21. Radiation Combined with Conduction and Convection680
- 21.1 Introduction680
- 21.2 Combined Radiation and Conduction681
- 21.3 Melting and Solidification with Internal Radiation689
- 21.4 Combined Radiation and Convection in Boundary Layers695
- 21.5 Combined Radiation and Free Convection700
- 21.6 Combined Radiation and Convection in Internal Flow700
- 21.7 Combined Radiation and Combustion705
- 21.8 Interfacing Between Turbulent Flow Fields and Radiation707
- 21.9 Interaction of Radiation with Turbulence710
- References715
- Problems727
- Chapter 22. Inverse Radiative Heat Transfer729
- 22.1 Introduction729
- 22.2 Solution Methods730
- 22.3 The Levenberg-Marquardt Method732
- 22.4 The Conjugate Gradient Method732
- 22.5 Inverse Surface Radiation733
- 22.6 Inverse Radiation in Participating Media736
- References739
- Problems742
- A Constants and Conversion Factors743
- B Tables for Radiative Properties of Opaque Surfaces745
- References758
- C Blackbody Emissive Power Table759
- D View Factor Catalogue762
- References773
- E Exponential Integral Functions779
- References781
- F Computer Codes782
- References788
- Acknowledgments789
- Author Index792
- Subject Index808
The most comprehensive and detailed treatment of thermal radiation heat transfer available for graduate students, as well as senior undergraduate students, practicing engineers and physicists
is enhanced by an excellent writing style with nice historical highlights and a clear and consistent notation throughout. Modest presents radiative heat transfer and its interactions with other modes of heat transfer in a coherent and integrated manner emphasizing the fundamentals. Numerous worked examples, a large number of problems, many based on real world situations, and an up-to-date bibliography make the book especially suitable for independent study. Instructors solutions are available via website to qualified users.
· Extensive solution manual for adopting instructors
· Most complete text in the field of radiative heat transfer
· Many worked examples and end-of-chapter problems
· Large number of computer codes (in Fortran and C++), ranging from basic problem solving aids to sophisticated research tools
· Covers experimental methods
is enhanced by an excellent writing style with nice historical highlights and a clear and consistent notation throughout. Modest presents radiative heat transfer and its interactions with other modes of heat transfer in a coherent and integrated manner emphasizing the fundamentals. Numerous worked examples, a large number of problems, many based on real world situations, and an up-to-date bibliography make the book especially suitable for independent study. Instructors solutions are available via website to qualified users.
· Extensive solution manual for adopting instructors
· Most complete text in the field of radiative heat transfer
· Many worked examples and end-of-chapter problems
· Large number of computer codes (in Fortran and C++), ranging from basic problem solving aids to sophisticated research tools
· Covers experimental methods