Radioactivity: Introduction and History: Introduction and History
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Table of contents
- Cover
- Contentsvii
- Forewordxi
- Prefacexiii
- Acronyms, Abbreviations, and Symbolsxvii
- Introduction: Radioactivity and Our Well-Being1
- 1 Human Health3
- 2 Biological Research10
- 3 Food and Agriculture15
- 4 Water Resources27
- 5 Marine Resources29
- 6 Industrial Applications32
- 7 Nuclear Power41
- 8 Summary45
- Radioactivity Hall of Fame„Part I: for Chapter 147
- Chapter 1: Alpha Radiation71
- 1.1 Introduction71
- 1.2 Decay Energy71
- 1.3 Alpha-Particle Interactions with Matter75
- 1.4 Alpha-Particle Ranges78
- Radioactivity Hall of Fame„Part II: for Chapter 285
- Chapter 2: Beta Radiation119
- 2.1 Introduction119
- 2.2 Negatrons119
- 2.3 Positrons124
- 2.4 Beta-Particle Absorption and Transmission129
- 2.5 Stopping Power and Linear Energy Transfer132
- Radioactivity Hall of Fame„Part III: for Chapter 3141
- Chapter 3: Gamma- and X-Radiation„Photons187
- 3.1 Introduction187
- 3.2 Dual Nature: Wave and Particle187
- 3.3 Gamma Radiation191
- 3.4 Annihilation Radiation195
- 3.5 Cherenkov Radiation196
- 3.6 X-Radiation196
- 3.7 Interactions of Electromagnetic Radiation with Matter201
- Radioactivity Hall of Fame„Part IV: for Chapter 4217
- Chapter 4: Neutron Radiation253
- 4.1 Introduction253
- 4.2 Neutron Classification253
- 4.3 Sources of Neutrons260
- 4.4 Interactions of Neutrons with Matter276
- 4.5 Neutron Attenuation and Cross-Sections281
- 4.6 Neutron Decay287
- Radioactivity Hall of Fame„Part V: for Chapter 5289
- Chapter 5: Atomic Electron Radiation341
- 5.1 Introduction341
- 5.2 Internal-Conversion Electrons341
- 5.3 Auger Electrons344
- Radioactivity Hall of Fame„Part VI: for Chapter 6347
- Chapter 6: Cosmic Radiation399
- 6.1 Introduction399
- 6.2 Classification and Properties400
- 6.3 Showers of the Cosmic Radiation406
- 6.4 Cosmic Rays Underground411
- 6.5 Origins of Cosmic Radiation412
- 6.6 Cosmic Background Radiation412
- 6.7 Dose from Cosmic Radiation and Other Sources421
- Radioactivity Hall of Fame„Part VII: for Chapter 7427
- Chapter 7: Cherenkov Radiation465
- 7.1 Introduction465
- 7.2 Theory and Properties467
- 7.3 Cherenkov Photons from Gamma-Ray Interactions482
- 7.4 Particle Identification (PID)485
- 7.5 Applications in Radionuclide Analysis492
- Radioactivity Hall of Fame„Part VIII: for Chapter 8497
- Chapter 8: Radionuclide Decay, Mass, and Radioactivity Units529
- 8.1 Introduction529
- 8.2 Half-Life529
- 8.3 General Decay Equations538
- 8.4 Secular Equilibrium539
- 8.5 Transient Equilibrium544
- 8.6 No Equilibrium547
- 8.7 More Complex Decay Schemes548
- 8.8 Radioactivity Units and Radionuclide Mass549
- Appendix A: Particle Range–Energy Correlations553
- Appendix B: Periodic Table of the Elements557
- References559
- Index597
Radioactivity: Introduction and History provides an introduction to radioactivity from natural and artificial sources on earth and radiation of cosmic origins. This book answers many questions for the student, teacher, and practitioner as to the origins, properties, detection and measurement, and applications of radioactivity. Written at a level that most students and teachers can appreciate, it includes many calculations that students and teachers may use in class work. Radioactivity: Introduction and History also serves as a refresher for experienced practitioners who use radioactive sources in his or her field of work. Also included are historical accounts of the lives and major achievements of many famous pioneers and Nobel Laureates who have contributed to our knowledge of the science of radioactivity.
* Provides entry-level overview of every form of radioactivity including natural and artificial sources, and radiation of cosmic origin.
* Includes many solved problems to practical questions concerning nuclear radiation and its interaction with matter
* Historical accounts of the major achievements of pioneers and Nobel Laureates, who have contributed to our current knowledge of radioactivity hi