Elsevier S & T

Red Cell Development: Current Topics in Developmental Biology

Bieker, James

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Table of contents
  • Contentsv
  • Contributorsix
  • Prefacexi
  • Referencesxiv
  • Chapter 1: Ontogeny of Erythropoiesis in the Mammalian Embryo1
  • 1. Introduction2
  • 2. Primitive Erythropoiesis4
  • 2.1. Emergence of blood islands in the yolk sac4
  • 2.2. Primitive erythroid cell maturation5
  • 2.3. Globin gene expression7
  • 2.4. Differences and commonalities between primitive and definitive erythropoiesis7
  • 3. "Definitive" Erythropoiesis in the Fetus9
  • 3.1. Characteristics of definitive erythropoiesis in the fetus9
  • 3.2. Fetal erythropoiesis and "stress" erythropoiesis10
  • 4. Developmental Origins of Erythropoiesis11
  • 4.1. Hemangioblast11
  • 4.2. Hematopoietic stem cell12
  • 5. Conclusions14
  • Acknowledgments15
  • References15
  • Chapter 2: The Erythroblastic Island23
  • 1. Introduction24
  • 2. Composition and Sites of Formation of Erythroblastic Islands26
  • 2.1. Localization of erythroblastic islands within the bone marrow27
  • 2.2. Structure of erythroblastic islands28
  • 2.3. Unique immunophenotypic signature of the central macrophage29
  • 2.4. Enucleation of primitive and definitive erythrocytes34
  • 3. Cell-Cell Adhesive Interactions Within Erythroblastic Islands35
  • 3.1. Erythroblast macrophage protein36
  • 3.2. alpha4beta1(vla-4)/VCAM-137
  • 3.3. Intercellular adhesion molecule-4/alphav38
  • 4. Erythroblastic Island Functions39
  • 4.1. Positive and negative growth regulatory effects on developing erythroblasts within the erythrob39
  • 4.2. The role of macrophages in supplying iron for hemoglobin synthesis40
  • 4.3. Engulfment and breakdown of extruded nuclei play an important role in the regulation of late st41
  • 4.4. Macrophages promote enucleation43
  • 4.5. Erythroblasts within the island are a source of angiogenic factors that exert paracrine effects45
  • 4.6. Erythroblast-mediated regulation of erythropoiesis via cell-cell interaction46
  • 5. Conclusion46
  • Acknowledgments46
  • References46
  • Chapter 3: Epigenetic Control of Complex Loci During Erythropoiesis55
  • 1. Introduction56
  • 2. Utility of Analyzing Erythropoiesis to Dissect Epigenetic Mechanisms57
  • 3. Epigenetic Control of the beta-Like Globin Genes During Erythropoiesis58
  • 3.1. Locus organization and regulation58
  • 3.2. Nucleoprotein structure of the endogenous locus59
  • 3.3. LCR function61
  • 3.4. Establishment of the histone modification pattern: Trans-acting factor requirements62
  • 3.5. Establishment of the histone modification pattern: A role for intergenic transcription?68
  • 4. Epigenetic Control of the Gata2 Locus During Erythropoiesis69
  • 4.1. Gata2 transcriptional regulation via GATA factor interplay69
  • 4.2. Context-dependent molecular actions69
  • 5. Principles of Epigenetic Control Emerging from Studies of Erythropoiesis71
  • Acknowledgments73
  • References73
  • Chapter 4: The Role of the Epigenetic Signal, DNA Methylation, in Gene Regulation During Erythroid D85
  • 1. Introduction86
  • 1.1. DNA methylation as an epigenetic signal86
  • 1.2. The mechanism of DNA methylation-mediated control of gene expression87
  • 1.3. Acquisition and loss of DNA methylation90
  • 1.4. The interplay between DNA methylation and histone modification in controlling gene expression92
  • 2. DNA Methylation in Erythroid Cell Differentiation93
  • 2.1. Direct effects of DNA methylation on erythroid genes93
  • 2.2. Indirect effects via erythropoietin gene expression94
  • 3. The beta-Globin Locus: A Model for the Role of DNA Methylation in Developmental Gene Regulation95
  • 3.1. DNA methylation in developmental regulation of avian beta-type globin genes96
  • 3.2. Erythroid cell-methylated cytosine-binding complex97
  • 3.3. A special role for methyl-binding domain protein 2 (MBD2)?102
  • 4. DNA Methylation of the Human alpha-Globin Locus104
  • 4.1. Comparison to beta-locus methylation104
  • 4.2 Differences in avian alpha-globin locus methylation105
  • 4.3. Indirect effects of DNA methylation on alpha-globin genes105
  • 5. DNA Methylation of Other Erythroid-Specific Genes106
  • 6. Conclusions and Future Directions107
  • Acknowledgments108
  • References108
  • Chapter 5: Three-Dimensional Organization of Gene Expression in Erythroid Cells117
  • 1. Introduction: Three-Dimensional Studies in a Historical Context118
  • 2. Long-Range Gene Activation and Gene Competition: DNA-Folding Matters?119
  • 3. Novel Biochemical Approaches to Study DNA Topology: Insight into the Spatial Organization of the123
  • 4. The Functional Significance of Long-Range Interactions Between Regulatory Sequences125
  • 5. Long-Range Contacts in Other Gene Loci127
  • 6. Gene Positioning in the Nucleus: Spatial Coordination of Functionally Related Genes?129
  • 7. Future Directions for Studies on Nuclear Architecture: 4C Technology132
  • References134
  • Chapter 6: Iron Homeostasis and Erythropoiesis141
  • 1. Introduction142
  • 2. Iron Metabolism and Homeostasis142
  • 2.1. Iron metabolism142
  • 2.2. Macrophage iron recycling143
  • 2.3. Duodenal iron absorption144
  • 2.4. Hepatocyte iron storage145
  • 2.5. Systemic iron homeostasis146
  • 3. Hepcidin147
  • 3.1. Hepcidin and iron homeostasis147
  • 3.2. Molecular mechanism of hepcidin action148
  • 3.3. Hepcidin and the pathogenesis of the anemia of inflammation150
  • 3.4. Hepcidin and the pathogenesis of genetic hemochromatosis152
  • 4. Hepcidin and Erythropoeisis154
  • 4.1. Hepcidin expression is regulated in response to bone marrow needs154
  • 5. Conclusions158
  • References159
  • Chapter 7: Effects of Nitric Oxide on Red Blood Cell Development and Phenotype169
  • 1. Nitric Oxide170
  • 1.1. Chemistry of NO171
  • 1.2. Synthesis of NO172
  • 1.3. Degradation of NOS in human cells176
  • 1.4. NO-cGMP pathway178
  • 2. NO Influence on Cell Differentiation180
  • 2.1. Role of NO in hematopoietic cell differentiation180
  • 2.2. NO function in endothelial cell differentiation182
  • 2.3. NO induction of differentiation in different cell types184
  • 2.4. NO effects on cancer cells185
  • 3. NO Interaction with RBCs187
  • 3.1. NO production in RBCs187
  • 3.2. Interactions between NO and hemoglobin190
  • 4. Effects of NO on Hemoglobin Expression192
  • 4.1. NO interaction with cyclic nucleotides192
  • 4.2. Signaling pathways related to hemoglobin induction192
  • 5. Role of NO During Malaria Pathogenesis194
  • 6. Effects of Fetal Hemoglobin Inducers on NO-cGMP Pathway195
  • 6.1. Effects of butyric acid and 5-azacytidine195
  • 6.2. Effects of hydroxyurea196
  • 7. Summary: NO and Erythropoiesis199
  • References200
  • Chapter 8: Diamond Blackfan Anemia: A Disorder of Red Blood Cell Development217
  • 1. Introduction218
  • 2. Pathophysiology and Genetics: DBA, a Disorder of Ribosome Biosynthesis220
  • 2.1. DBA genes identified to date encode ribosomal proteins220
  • 2.2. Ribosomal protein haploinsufficiency can have differential effects on cell fates during develop222
  • 3. Other Diseases Linked to Defects in Ribosome Synthesis223
  • 3.1. Hematologic disorders223
  • 3.2. Nonhematologic disorders: Relationships between DBA and Treacher Collins syndrome224
  • 4. Ribosome Dysfunction and Red Blood Cell Development226
  • 5. DBA Is a Cancer Predisposition Syndrome230
  • 6. Treatment and Outcomes232
  • 6.1. Corticosteroids and red blood cell transfusions232
  • 6.2. Hematopoietic stem cell transplant233
  • 6.3. Outcomes234
  • 7. Summary235
  • References235
  • Index243
  • Contents of Previous Volumes249
Book details
  • Vendor Elsevier S & T
  • SKU 9780123743664
  • ISBN-13 9780080560946
  • Author Bieker, James
  • Category Science
  • Subject Developmental Biology

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This compendium provides a concise and up-to-date assessment of critical recent issues related to erythroid biology. Developmental, epigenetic, methodological, biochemical, and clinical aspects are integrated to provide a powerful overview of their interrelationships and importance to the generation of the red cell. The excitement generated by these novel observations and the anticipation of future directions in studies of the red cell is a highlight of this volume.

*The first comprehensive volume covering the breadth of the topic

*The latest advancements that lead to novel directions in the study of red cells

*An informative discussion of red cells as they relate to the essential oxygen-carrying component of the body