Satellite Altimetry and Earth Sciences: A Handbook of Techniques and Applications
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Table of contents
- Contentsv
- Contributorsix
- Prefacexi
- Chapter 1. Satellite Altimetry1
- 1. Introduction1
- 2. Radar Measurement Principles4
- 3. Range Estimation37
- 4. Precision Orbit Determination64
- 5. Geophysical Effects on the Sea Surface Topography86
- 6. Significant Wave Height Estimation92
- 7. Wind-Speed Estimation95
- 8. TOPEX/POSEIDON Mission Design and Performance99
- 9. Outlook for Future Altimeter Missions119
- Acknowledgments121
- References122
- Chapter 2. Large-Scale Ocean Circulation133
- 1. Introduction133
- 2. The Ocean General Circulation134
- 3. The Temporal Variability138
- 4. Conclusions163
- Acknowledgments165
- References165
- Chapter 3. Ocean Currents and Eddies171
- 1. Introduction171
- 2. Altimeter Data Processing for Mesoscale Studies173
- 3. Ocean Currents177
- 4. Mesoscale Eddies198
- 5. Conclusions209
- Acknowledgments210
- References210
- Chapter 4. Tropical Ocean Variability217
- 1. Introduction217
- 2. Tropical Pacific218
- 3. Indian Ocean227
- 4. Tropical Atlantic229
- 5. Conclusion232
- Acknowledgments233
- References233
- Chapter 5. Data Assimilation by Models237
- 1. Introduction237
- 2. Examples and Merits of Data Assimilation238
- 3. Data Assimilation as an Inverse Problem243
- 4. Assimilation Methodologies245
- 5. Practical Issues of Assimilation252
- 6. Summary and Outlook261
- Acknowledgments262
- References262
- Chapter 6. Ocean Tides267
- 1. Introduction267
- 2. Mathematical Representation of Ocean Tides268
- 3. Status Before High-Precision Satellite Altimetry270
- 4. Methodologies for Extracting Ocean Tides from Altimetry272
- 5. The Semi-Diurnal and Diurnal Tides over the Deep Ocean277
- 6. The Long Period Ocean Tides287
- 7. Internal Tides291
- 8. The Tides over Shallow Waters293
- 9. Tidal Energetics and Satellite Altimetry294
- 10. Applications297
- 11. Conclusions300
- Acknowledgments301
- References301
- Chapter 7. Ocean Surface Waves305
- 1. Introduction305
- 2. Wave Modeling and Altimetry306
- 3. Wave Climate Studies with Altimeter Data316
- 4. Conclusions326
- 5. Glossary327
- Acknowledgments327
- References327
- Chapter 8. Sea Level Change329
- 1. Introduction329
- 2. The Tide Gauge Record and its Limitations330
- 3. Satellite Altimeter Measurements of Sea-Level Change332
- 4. Calibration of Satellite Altimeter Measurements Using Tide Gauge Data334
- 5. Detecting Changes in the Rate of Sea-Level Rise338
- 6. Global Mean Changes in Sea Level, Sea-Surface Temperature, and Precipitable Water342
- 7. Spatial Variations of Sea-Level Change and Sea-Surface Temperature344
- 8. Linking Together Different Satellite Altimeter Missions346
- 9. Conclusions347
- Acknowledgments347
- References347
- Chapter 9. Ice Sheet Dynamics and Mass Balance351
- 1. Introduction351
- 2. Radar Altimeter Measurement of Ice Sheet Surface Elevations354
- 3. Greenland and Antarctica Ice Sheet Topography360
- 4. Ice Surface Slopes and Driving Stresses362
- 5. Measurement of Ice Margins363
- 6. Surface Elevation Changes and Mass Balance363
- Acknowledgments367
- References367
- Chapter 10. Applications to Geodesy371
- 1. Introduction371
- 2. Mean Sea Surface Mapping373
- 3. Gravity Recovery386
- 4. New Frontiers395
- 5. Concluding Remarks403
- Acknowledgments403
- References403
- Chapter 11. Applications to Marine Geophysics407
- 1. Introduction407
- 2. Filtering the Long-Wavelength Geoid Signal408
- 3. Geoid Anomalies and Isostatic Compensation408
- 4. Mechanical Behavior of Oceanic Plates: Flexure under Seamount Loading411
- 5. Thermal Evolution of the Oceanic Lithosphere413
- 6. Oceanic Hotspot Swells416
- 7. Short and Medium Wavelength Lineations in the Marine Geoid418
- 8. Mapping the Seafloor Tectonic Fabric420
- 9. Conclusions434
- Acknowledgments435
- References435
- Chapter 12. Bathymetric Estimation441
- 1. Introduction441
- 2. Gravity Anomaly and Sea Surface Slopes442
- 3. Limitations of Radar Alitmetry for Gravity Field Recovery443
- 4. Forward Models444
- 5. Inverse Approaches445
- 6. Data Availability and Case Study: Bathymetric Estimation447
- 7. Prospects for the Future452
- 8. Appendix: Interaction of the Radar Pulse with the Rough Ocean Surface453
- References456
- Index459
- Color Plate SectionColor Plate-1
The new level of precision and global coverage provided by satellite altimetry is rapidly advancing studies of ocean circulation. It allows for new insights into marine geodesy, ice sheet movements, plate tectonics, and for the first time provides high-resolution bathymetry for previously unmapped regions of our watery planet and crucial information on the large-scale ocean features on intra-season to interannual time scales. Satellite Altimetry and Earth Sciences has integrated the expertise of the leading international researchers to demonstrate the techniques, missions, and accuracy of satellite altimetry, including altimeter measurements, orbit determination, and ocean circulation models.
Satellite altimetry is helping to advance studies of ocean circulation, tides, sea level, surface waves and allowing new insights into marine geodesy.
Satellite Altimetry and Earth Sciences provides high resolution bathymetry for previously unmapped regions of our watery planet.
Satellite Altimetry and Earth Sciences is for a very broad spectrum of academics, graduate students, and researchers in geophysics, oceanography, and the space and earth sciences. International agencies that fund satellite-based research will also appreciate the handy reference on the applications of satellite altimetry.
Satellite altimetry is helping to advance studies of ocean circulation, tides, sea level, surface waves and allowing new insights into marine geodesy.
Satellite Altimetry and Earth Sciences provides high resolution bathymetry for previously unmapped regions of our watery planet.
Satellite Altimetry and Earth Sciences is for a very broad spectrum of academics, graduate students, and researchers in geophysics, oceanography, and the space and earth sciences. International agencies that fund satellite-based research will also appreciate the handy reference on the applications of satellite altimetry.