Social Learning In Animals: The Roots of Culture
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Table of contents
- Contentsv
- Contributorsxv
- Prefacexvii
- PART 1: SOCIAL LEARNING1
- CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION3
- SOCIAL LEARNING AND IMITATION3
- STUDIES OF SOCIAL LEARNING8
- REFERENCES14
- CHAPTER 2. CULTURAL TRANSMISSION OF FEEDING BEHAVIOR IN THE BLACK RAT (RATTUS RATTUS)17
- INTRODUCTION17
- GENERAL OBSERVATIONS AND AIMS20
- EXPERIMENTS22
- SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS41
- REFERENCES45
- CHAPTER 3. SOCIAL ENHANCEMENT OF FOOD PREFERENCES IN NORWAY RATS: A BRIEF REVIEW49
- OVERVIEW (1982–1986)50
- RECENT DEVELOPMENTS (1986–1994)52
- CONCLUSIONS59
- REFERENCES60
- CHAPTER 4. SOCIAL LEARNING IN MONKEYS: PRIMATE "PRIMACY" RECONSIDERED65
- INTRODUCTION65
- EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES OF FEEDING68
- COMPARISON WITH ANOTHER SPECIES OF MONKEY: BABOONS76
- POTENTIAL GROWING POINTS FOR STUDIES OF SOCIAL LEARNING IN MONKEYS78
- CONCLUSION80
- REFERENCES81
- CHAPTER 5. COPYING AND MATE CHOICE85
- INTRODUCTION85
- DISCUSSION100
- REFERENCES101
- CHAPTER 6. IS SOCIAL LEARNING AN ADAPTIVE SPECIALIZATION?107
- INTRODUCTION107
- PROBLEMS WITH COMPARATIVE TESTS OF LEARNING109
- STATISTICAL PROCEDURES FOR THE REMOVAL OF CONFOUNDING VARIABLES110
- LINEAR REGRESSIONS111
- ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE117
- CONCLUSIONS123
- REFERENCES125
- CHAPTER 7. DEVELOPING A THEORY OF ANIMAL SOCIAL LEARNING129
- MODELS OF TRANSMISSION DYNAMICS133
- THE EVOLUTION OF CULTURE138
- THE ADAPTIVE CONSEQUENCES OF ANIMAL SOCIAL TRANSMISSION149
- CONCLUSION150
- REFERENCES151
- CHAPTER 8. SOCIAL LEARNING: SYNERGY AND SONGBIRDS155
- ANIMATE AND INANIMATE PUZZLE155
- LEARNING BY ASSOCIATING: A BIRD'S EYE VIEW157
- COWBIRDS: MAINTAINING A BIRD'S EYE (AND EAR) VIEW160
- MULTIPLE CONTEXTS, MULTIPLE MEANINGS163
- SOCIAL LEARNING: THE PATHWAYS TO COMMUNICATING165
- DEVELOPMENTAL PLASTICITY BEYOND THE FIRST YEAR167
- FEMALE COWBIRDS: GENDER-BASED TRANSMISSION?171
- COPING WITH SYNERGISTIC EFFECTS172
- REFERENCES175
- CHAPTER 9. CONTAGIOUS YAWNING AND LAUGHING: SIGNIFICANCE FOR SENSORY FEATURE DETECTION, MOTOR PATTER179
- YAWNING181
- LAUGHTER190
- FUTURE DIRECTIONS200
- REFERENCES203
- PART 2: IMITATION209
- CHAPTER 10. INTRODUCTION: IDENTIFYING AND DEFINING IMITATION211
- DEFINING IMITATION BY EXCLUSION212
- THE EVOLUTION OF IMITATION213
- CULTURAL BEHAVIOR IN JAPANESE MACAQUES214
- DO APES APE?214
- IMITATION IN HUMAN INFANTS216
- RATS AND REALISM217
- IS IMITATION RARE OR ELUSIVE218
- REFERENCES219
- CHAPTER 11. AN ANALYSIS OF IMITATIVE LEARNING IN ANIMALS221
- NONIMITATIVE SOCIAL LEARNING223
- TRUE IMITATION231
- CONCLUSIONS237
- REFERENCES238
- CHAPTER 12. THE EVOLUTION OF IMITATIVE LEARNING245
- AVIAN IMITATION245
- STUDIES OF MAMMALIAN IMITATION248
- THE EVOLUTION OF IMITATION253
- THE EVOLUTIONARY ROOTS OF LEARNING261
- REFERENCES262
- CHAPTER 13. ACQUISITION OF INNOVATIVE CULTURAL BEHAVIORS IN NONHUMAN PRIMATES: A CASE STUDY OF STONE267
- THE STUDY OF NONHUMAN PRIMATE CULTURE IN JAPAN267
- COMMON FACTORS OF NEWLY ACQUIRED BEHAVIORS IN JAPANESE MACAQUES270
- STONE HANDLING BEHAVIOR271
- TRANSMISSION OF STONE HANDLING AND OTHER CULTURAL BEHAVIORS COMPARED278
- THE OCCURRENCE OF STONE HANDLING IN OTHER TROOPS280
- FACTORS POSSIBLY RESPONSIBLE FOR THE OCCURRENCE OF INNOVATIVE BEHAVIORS AT DIFFERENT SITES281
- LIFE HISTORY VARIABLES OF STONE HANDLING282
- THE ADAPTIVE VALUE OF STONE HANDLING CONSIDERED285
- REFERENCES286
- CHAPTER 14. STUDIES OF IMITATION IN CHIMPANZEES AND CHILDREN291
- THE DO-AS-I-DO EXPERIMENT293
- DISCUSSION302
- IMITATION, EMULATION, AND COPYING FIDELITY304
- PROGRAM-LEVEL IMITATION?308
- IMITATIVE NOVELTY AND COMPLEXITY314
- IMITATIVE ABILITY AND ONTOGENIC HISTORY315
- REFERENCES316
- CHAPTER 15. DO APES APE?319
- EMULATION, MIMICKING, AND IMITATIVE LEARNING320
- APE BEHAVIOR IN THE WILD325
- STUDIES WITH CAPTIVE APES328
- STUDIES WITH HUMAN-RAISED APES335
- WHAT IS THE ANSWER?338
- CONCLUSION341
- REFERENCES343
- CHAPTER 16. THE HUMAN INFANT AS IMITATIVE GENERALIST: A 20-YEAR PROGRESS REPORT ON INFANT IMITATION347
- INTRODUCTION347
- METHODOLOGY: DISTINGUISHING IMITATION FROM OTHER FORMS OF SOCIAL LEARNING348
- FACIAL IMITATION: CROSS-MODAL MATCHING350
- VOCAL IMITATION353
- IMITATION OF OBJECT MANIPULATIONS: NOVEL ACTS AND DEFERRED IMITATION354
- TUTOR INFANTS AND PEER IMITATION356
- PERCEPTION VERSUS PRODUCTION: INFANTS RECOGNIZE WHEN THEY ARE IMITATED356
- IMITATION AND THEORY OF MIND358
- DEVELOPING THEORIES OF IMITATION361
- REFERENCES365
- CHAPTER 17. GENUINE IMITATION?371
- BIDIRECTIONAL CONTROL STUDIES OF IMITATION IN RATS373
- IS THE BIDIRECTIONAL CONTROL EFFECT "IMITATION"?377
- GENUINE IMITATION382
- REFERENCES387
- Author Index391
- Subject Index405
The increasing realization among behaviorists and psychologists is that many animals learn by observation as members of social systems. Such settings contribute to the formation of culture. This book combines the knowledge of two groups of scientists with different backgrounds to establish a working consensus for future research. The book is divided into two major sections, with contributions by a well-known, international, and interdisciplinary team which integrates these growing areas of inquiry.
Key Features
* Integrates the broad range of scientific approaches being used in the studies of social learning and imitation, and society and culture
* Provides an introduction to this field of study as well as a starting point for the more experienced researcher
* Chapters are succinct reviews of innovative discoveries and progress made during the past decade
* Includes statements of varied theoretical perspectives on controversial topics
* Authoritative contributions by an international team of leading researchers
Key Features
* Integrates the broad range of scientific approaches being used in the studies of social learning and imitation, and society and culture
* Provides an introduction to this field of study as well as a starting point for the more experienced researcher
* Chapters are succinct reviews of innovative discoveries and progress made during the past decade
* Includes statements of varied theoretical perspectives on controversial topics
* Authoritative contributions by an international team of leading researchers