Structured Light and Its Applications: An Introduction to Phase-Structured Beams and Nanoscale Optical Forces
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Table of contents
- Contentsv
- Author Affiliationsxi
- Prefacexiii
- Chapter 1. Introduction to Phase-Structured Electromagnetic Waves1
- 1.1 Introduction1
- 1.2 Laguerre-Gaussian Beams and Orbital Angular Momentum2
- 1.3 Bessel and Mathieu Beams7
- 1.4 General Solution of the Wave Equation8
- 1.5 Classical or Quantum?8
- 1.6 Creating Laguerre-Gaussian Beams with Lenses and Holograms9
- 1.7 Coherence: Spatial and Temporal11
- 1.8 Transformations Between Basis Sets12
- 1.9 Conclusion14
- References15
- Chapter 2. Angular Momentum and Vortices in Optics19
- 2.1 Introduction19
- 2.2 Classical Angular Momentum of Fields and Particles22
- 2.3 Separation of Radiative Angular Momentum in L and S24
- 2.4 Multipole Fields and Their Vortex Structure27
- 2.5 Angular Momentum of Monochromatic Paraxial Beams33
- 2.6 Quantum Description of Paraxial Beams40
- 2.7 Nonmonochromatic Paraxial Beam42
- 2.8 Operator Description of Classical Paraxial Beams48
- 2.9 Dynamics of Optical Vortices55
- 2.10 Conclusion59
- References60
- Chapter 3. Singular Optics and Phase Properties63
- 3.1 Fundamental Phase Singularities64
- 3.2 Beams with Composite Vortices69
- 3.3 Noninteger Vortex Beams72
- 3.4 Propagation Dynamics74
- 3.5 Conclusions74
- Acknowledgments75
- References75
- Chapter 4. Nanoscale Optics: Interparticle Forces79
- 4.1 Introduction79
- 4.2 QED Description of Optically Induced Pair Forces82
- 4.3 Overview of Applications98
- 4.4 Discussion101
- Acknowledgments102
- References102
- Chapter 5. Near-Field Optical Micromanipulation107
- 5.1 Introduction107
- 5.2 Theoretical Considerations for Near-Field Trapping111
- 5.3 Experimental Guiding and Trapping of Particles in the Near Field113
- 5.4 Emergent Themes in the Near Field129
- 5.5 Conclusions134
- Acknowledgments134
- References134
- Chapter 6. Holographic Optical Tweezers139
- 6.1 Background139
- 6.2 Example Rationale for Constructing Extended Arrays of Traps140
- 6.3 Experimental Details142
- 6.4 Algorithms for Holographic Optical Traps149
- 6.5 The Future of Holographic Optical Tweezers162
- Acknowledgments162
- References162
- Chapter 7. Atomic and Molecular Manipulation Using Structured Light169
- 7.1 Introduction169
- 7.2 A Brief Overview170
- 7.3 Transfer of OAM to Atoms and Molecules171
- 7.4 Doppler Forces and Torques172
- 7.5 The Doppler Shift180
- 7.6 Rotational Effects on Liquid Crystals186
- 7.7 Comments and Conclusions191
- Acknowledgments192
- References192
- Chapter 8. Optical Vortex Trapping and the Dynamics of Particle Rotation195
- 8.1 Introduction195
- 8.2 Computational Electromagnetic Modeling of Optical Trapping196
- 8.3 Electromagnetic Angular Momentum199
- 8.4 Electromagnetic Angular Momentum of Paraxial and Nonparaxial Optical Vortices202
- 8.5 Nonparaxial Optical Vortices205
- 8.6 Trapping in Vortex Beams211
- 8.7 Symmetry and Optical Torque218
- 8.8 Zero Angular Momentum Optical Vortices226
- 8.9 Gaussian ``Longitudinal'' Optical Vortex228
- 8.10 Conclusion231
- References231
- Chapter 9. Rotation of Particles in Optical Tweezers237
- 9.1 Introduction237
- 9.2 Using Intensity Shaped Beams to Orient and Rotate Trapped Objects238
- 9.3 Angular Momentum Transfer to Particles Held in Optical Tweezers240
- 9.4 Out of Plane Rotation in Optical Tweezers242
- 9.5 Rotation of Helically Shaped Particles in Optical Tweezers243
- 9.6 Applications of Rotational Control in Optical Tweezers244
- References247
- Chapter 10. Rheological and Viscometric Methods249
- 10.1 Introduction249
- 10.2 Optical Torque Measurement251
- 10.3 A Rotating Optical Tweezers-Based Microviscometer254
- 10.4 Applications264
- Conclusion268
- References268
- Chapter 11. Orbital Angular Momentum in Quantum Communication and Information271
- 11.1 Sending and Receiving Quantum Information273
- 11.2 Exploring the OAM State Space280
- 11.3 Quantum Protocols286
- 11.4 Conclusions and Outlook290
- Acknowledgments291
- References291
- Chapter 12. Optical Manipulation of Ultracold Atoms295
- 12.1 Background295
- 12.2 Optical Forces and Atom Traps296
- 12.3 The Quantum Gas: Bose-Einstein Condensates299
- 12.4 Light-Induced Gauge Potentials for Cold Atoms308
- 12.5 Light-Induced Gauge Potentials for the Lambda Scheme311
- 12.6 Light-Induced Gauge Fields for a Tripod Scheme320
- 12.7 Ultra-Relativistic Behavior of Cold Atoms in Light-Induced Gauge Potentials323
- 12.8 Final Remarks329
- References330
- Index335
- Color Insert343
New possibilities have recently emerged for producing optical beams with complex and intricate structures, and for the non-contact optical manipulation of matter. This book fully describes the electromagnetic theory, optical properties, methods and applications associated with this new technology. Detailed discussions are given of unique beam characteristics, such as optical vortices and other wavefront structures, the associated phase properties and photonic aspects, along with applications ranging from cold atom manipulation to optically driven micromachines.
Features include:
* Comprehensive and authoritative treatments of the latest research in this area of nanophotonics, written by the leading researchers
* Accounts of numerous microfluidics, nanofabrication, quantum informatics and optical manipulation applications
* Coverage that fully spans the subject area, from fundamental theory and simulations to experimental methods and results
Graduate students and established researchers in academia, national laboratories and industry will find this book an invaluable guide to the latest technologies in this rapidly developing field.
*Comprehensive and definitive source of the latest research in nanotechnology written by the leading people in the field
*From theory to applications - all is presented in detail
*Editor is Chair of the SPIE Nanotechnology Technical Group and is leading the way in generation and manipulation of complex beams
Features include:
* Comprehensive and authoritative treatments of the latest research in this area of nanophotonics, written by the leading researchers
* Accounts of numerous microfluidics, nanofabrication, quantum informatics and optical manipulation applications
* Coverage that fully spans the subject area, from fundamental theory and simulations to experimental methods and results
Graduate students and established researchers in academia, national laboratories and industry will find this book an invaluable guide to the latest technologies in this rapidly developing field.
*Comprehensive and definitive source of the latest research in nanotechnology written by the leading people in the field
*From theory to applications - all is presented in detail
*Editor is Chair of the SPIE Nanotechnology Technical Group and is leading the way in generation and manipulation of complex beams