Elsevier S & T

Sturkie's Avian Physiology

Whittow, G. Causey

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Table of contents

Cover
Sturkie’s Avian Physiologyiii
Contentsvii
Contributorsxi
Preface to the Fifth Editionxiii
Chapter 1. Sensory Physiology: Vision1
I. Introduction1
II. Structure and Functions of the Eye1
III. Central Processing„Anatomy and Function7
References14
Chapter 2. The Avian Ear and Hearing21
I. Introduction21
II. Structure of the Ear21
III. Function of the Ear24
IV. Auditory Nerve Fibers27
V. Central Pathways28
VI. Behavioral Aspects33
VII. Summary and Conclusions35
References35
Chapter 3. The Chemical Senses in Birds39
I. Chemosensory Systems39
II. Chemesthesis40
III. Gustation43
IV. Olfaction46
References51
Chapter 4. The Somatosensory System57
I. Introduction57
II. Types of Receptors and Afferent Fibers57
III. Central Processing62
IV. Behavioral Aspects65
V. Summary and Conclusions66
References67
Chapter 5. Functional Organization of the Spinal Cord71
I. Introduction71
II. Gross Anatomy71
III. Cytoarchitectonic Organization of the Spinal Gray72
IV. Peripheral Input to the Spinal Cord74
V. Functional Aspects of Laminae and Nuclear Groups75
VI. Ascending Pathways78
VII. Descending Pathways79
VIII. Summary and Conclusions79
References80
Chapter 6. Motor Control System83
I. Introductory Remarks83
II. The Control of Eye and Head Movements: The Oculomotor System84
III. The Motor Control of Jaw and Tongue Movements87
IV. Other Premotor and Motor Systems in the Brainstem91
V. Structure and Function of the Cerebellum92
VI. Telencephalic Centers for Motor Control94
VII. Concluding Remarks97
References98
Chapter 7. The Autonomic Nervous System of Avian Species101
I. Introduction101
II. Components102
III. Peripheral Motor Components of the Autonomic Nervous System102
IV. Central Components of the Autonomic Nervous System105
V. Functional Neural Pathways of the Autonomic Nervous System112
VI. Shifts in Homeostasis: An Autonomic Hypothesis Explaining the Regulation of Annual Cycles of Bir117
VII. Consequences of Genetic Selection for Rapid Growth in Broilers and Turkeys: An Imbalanced Auton118
References118
Chapter 8. Skeletal Muscle123
I. Introduction123
II. Development of Avian Muscle123
III. Muscle Fiber Types126
IV. Innervation128
V. Electrical Properties of Muscle Fibers129
VI. Contractile Properties129
VII. Neuromuscular Transmission130
VIII. Uses of Avian Muscle in Neuromuscular Pharmacology133
References135
Chapter 9. The Cardiovascular System141
I. Introduction141
II. Heart142
III. General Circulatory Hemodynamics154
IV. The Vascular Tree157
V. Blood176
VI. Control of the Cardiovascular System181
References223
Chapter 10. Respiration233
I. Overview233
II. Anatomy of the Avian Respiratory System234
III. Ventilation and Respiratory Mechanics238
IV. Pulmonary Circulation243
V. Gas Transport by Blood244
VI. Pulmonary Gas Exchange249
VII. Tissue Gas Exchange254
VIII. Control of Breathing256
References259
Chapter 11. Renal and Extrarenal Regulation of Body Fluid Composition265
I. A Review of Reviews265
II. Introduction265
III. Intake of Water and Solutes266
IV. The Kidneys267
V. Extrarenal Organs of Osmoregulation: Introduction282
VI. The Lower Intestine283
VII. Salt Glands288
VIII. Evaporative Water Loss291
References291
Chapter 12. Gastrointestinal Anatomy and Physiology299
I. Anatomy of the Digestive Tract299
II. Anatomy of the Accessory Organs305
III. Motility305
IV. Neural and Hormonal Control of Motility310
V. Secretions and Digestion313
VI. Absorption317
VII. Age-Related Effects on Gastrointestinal Function320
VIII. Food Intake Regulation320
References321
Chapter 13. Energy Balance327
I. Introduction327
II. The Measurement of Energy Exchange327
III. Energy Costs of Activity331
IV. Energy Storage and Production334
V. Daily Energy Budgets and Energetics of Free-Living Birds337
VI. Geographic Variation in Energy Balance338
VII. Energy Requirements of Populations and Communities338
VIII. Summary338
References339
Chapter 14. Regulation of Body Temperature343
I. Introduction344
II. Body Temperature344
III. Heat Balance348
IV. Changes in Bodily Heat Content (S)348
V. Heat Production (H)349
VI. Heat Transfer within the Body355
VII. Heat Loss356
VIII. Heat Exchange under Natural Conditions364
IX. Behavioral Thermoregulation364
X. Control Mechanisms367
XI. Thermoregulation at Reduced Body Temperatures372
XII. Development of Thermoregulation375
XIII. Summary379
References379
Chapter 15. Flight391
I. Introduction391
II. Scaling392
III. Energetics of Bird Flight393
IV. The Flight Muscles of Birds406
V. Development of Locomotor Muscles and Preparation for Flight413
VI. Metabolic Substrates and Fuel Deposits415
VII. The Cardiovascular System416
VIII. The Respiratory System418
IX. Migration and Long-Distance Flight Performance425
X. Flight at High Altitude428
References430
Chapter 16. Introduction to Endocrinology: Pituitary Gland437
I. Introduction437
II. Anatomy of the Hypothalamic–Hypophyseal Complex438
III. Gonadotropins438
IV. Thyrotropin443
V. Growth Hormone444
VI. Prolactin447
VII. Adrenocorticotropic Hormone449
VIII. Other Adenohypophyseal Peptides450
IX. Neurohypophysis451
X. Arginine Vasotocin and Mesotocin451
References452
Chapter 17. Thyroids461
I. Anatomy, Embryology, and Histology of Thyroid Glands461
II. Thyroid Hormones462
III. Hypothalamic–Pituitary–Thyroid Axis466
IV. Mechanism of Action of Thyroid Hormones466
V. Effects of Thyroid Hormones467
VI. Thyroid Interactions with Other Hormones468
VII. Environmental Influences on Thyroid Function469
References469
Chapter 18. The Parathyroids, Calcitonin, and Vitamin D473
I. Introduction473
II. Parathyroid Hormone and Related Peptides474
III. Calcitonin and the Ultimobranchial Glands479
IV. The Vitamin D System481
V. Prostaglandins and Other Factors483
VI. Conclusions484
References485
Chapter 19. Adrenals489
I. Anatomy489
II. Adrenocortical Hormones492
III. Physiology of Adrenocortical Hormones514
IV. Adrenal Chromaffin Hormones519
References522
Chapter 20. Pancreas539
I. Glucoregulation: Why Glucoregulate?539
II. Organs of Importance in Glucoregulation540
III. Avian Carbohydrate Metabolism: Different from Mammals?541
IV. Central Role of the Pancreatic Organ542
V. Mechanisms of Pancreatic Hormone Action: Molecular Events544
VI. Pancreatic–Enteric Regulation of Carbohydrate Metabolism548
VII. Carbohydrate Metabolism in Other Tissues551
VIII. Altered Avian Carbohydrate Metabolism552
References554
Chapter 21. The Pineal Gland, Circadian Rhythms, and Photoperiodism557
I. Anatomy of the Pineal Gland557
II. Pineal Hormones558
III. Physiological Effects of the Pineal Gland560
References565
Chapter 22. Reproduction in the Female569
I. Anatomy of the Female Reproductive System569
II. Breeding and Ovulation–Oviposition Cycles575
III. Ovarian Hormones577
IV. Hormonal and Physiologic Factors Affecting Ovulation580
V. Oviposition584
VI. Composition and Formation of Yolk, Albumen, Organic Matrix, and Shell586
References591
Chapter 23. Reproduction in Male Birds597
I. Introduction597
II. Reproductive Tract Anatomy597
III. Ontogeny of the Reproductive Tract600
IV. Development and Growth of the Testis603
V. Hormonal Control of Testicular Function605
VI. Spermatogenesis and Extragonadal Sperm Maturation607
References612
Chapter 24. Incubation Physiology617
I. Introduction617
II. Composition of the Freshly Laid Egg617
III. Changes in the Composition of the Egg during Incubation618
IV. Heat Transfer to the Egg620
V. Development of Physiological Functions621
VI. Requirements and Procedures for Incubation629
References632
Chapter 25. Physiology of Growth and Development635
I. Introduction635
II. Somatotropic Axis636
III. Thyrotropic Axis641
IV. Gonadotropic Axis642
V. Lactotropic Axis642
VI. Adrenocorticotropic Axis644
VII. Pancreatic Hormones644
VIII. Growth Factors644
IX. Models in Avian Growth648
References649
Chapter 26. Immunophysiology657
I. Introduction657
II. Cytoarchitecture and Development of the Immune System657
III. Regulation of Immune Response662
References667
Index671

Book details

Vendor Elsevier S & T
SKU 9780127476056
ISBN-13 9780080542089
Author Whittow, G. Causey
Edition 5th
Category Science
Subject Marine Biology

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Sturkie's Avian Physiology is the classic comprehensive single volume on the physiology of domestic as well as wild birds. The Fifth Edition is thoroughly revised and updated, and includes new chapters on the physiology of incubation and growth. Chapters on the nervous system and sensory organs have been greatly expanded due to the many recent advances in the field. The text also covers the physiology of flight, reproduction in both male and female birds, and the immunophysiology of birds.
The Fifth Edition, like the earlier editions, is a must for anyone interested in comparative physiology, poultry science, veterinary medicine, and related fields. This volume establishes the standard for those who need the latest and best information on the physiology of birds.

Key Features
* Thoroughly updated and revised
* Coverage of both domestic and wild birds
* New larger format
* Only comprehensive, single volume devoted to birds

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