Superlubricity
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Table of contents
- Cover
- Copyright pageiv
- Contentsv
- Foreword From Hard to SoftŽxv
- Introductionxvii
- Contributorsxxi
- Chapter 1. Superlubricity for Incommensurate Crystalline and Disordered Interfaces1
- 1.1 Superlubricity for Incommensurate Interfaces1
- 1.2 Superlubricity for Disordered Interfaces3
- 1.3 Friction Resulting from Multiscale Roughness6
- 1.4 Superlubricity Resulting from Polymer Brushes11
- 1.5 Conclusions14
- References14
- Chapter 2. Superlubricity of Clean Surfaces17
- 2.1 Introduction17
- 2.2 Preliminaries: Tomlinson's Picture18
- 2.3 The Criterion for the Occurrence of Tomlinson's Mechanism21
- 2.4 Atomistic Origin of Friction25
- 2.5 Superlubricity30
- 2.6 Summary36
- References37
- Chapter 3. Theoretical Studies of Superlubricity39
- 3.1 Introduction39
- 3.2 Theory40
- 3.3 Computer Simulations47
- 3.4 Conclusions54
- References55
- Chapter 4. Ab-initio Atomic Scale Study of Nearly Frictionless Surfaces57
- 4.1 Introduction57
- 4.2 Frictionless Sliding59
- 4.3 Description of Theoretical Model60
- 4.4 Superlow Friction Coefficient Between Hydrogenated Diamond Surfaces61
- 4.5 Ab-Initio Study of Atomic-Scale Friction Between Cubic BN-Surfaces68
- 4.6 Conclusions75
- Acknowledgements75
- References76
- Chapter 5. Molecular Dynamics Simulations of Tribology79
- 5.1 Introduction79
- 5.2 MD Simulation Methods80
- 5.3 Reactive Potentials84
- 5.4 Recent MD Work92
- 5.5 Conclusion100
- Acknowledgements100
- References100
- Chapter 6. What Causes Low Friction; What Causes High Friction103
- 6.1 Introduction103
- 6.2 Superlubricity in Boundary Lubrication103
- 6.3 Controlling the Boundary Condition of Hydrodynamic Flow108
- 6.4 Outlook-The Purposeful Reduction in Friction114
- 6.5 Concluding Remarks115
- Acknowledgements115
- References115
- Chapter 7. Frictional Dynamics at the Atomic Scale in Presence of Small Oscillations of the Sliding119
- 7.1 Introduction119
- 7.2 Experimental120
- Acknowledgements129
- References129
- Chapter 8. Effect of Surface Roughness and Adsorbates on Superlubricity131
- 8.1 Introduction131
- 8.2 Model132
- 8.3 Numerical Results134
- 8.4 Summary and Conclusion145
- Acknowledgements146
- References146
- Chapter 9. Atomic-Scale Investigation of Superlubricity on Insulating Surfaces147
- 9.1 Introduction147
- 9.2 The Tomlinson-Prandtl Model148
- 9.3 The Superlubric Regime152
- 9.4 Experimental Evidence of Superlubricity: Quasistatic Case154
- 9.5 Experimental Evidence of Superlubricity: Dynamic Case157
- 9.6 Conclusions and Outlook159
- References160
- Chapter 10. Superlubricity of Fullerene Intercalated Graphite Composite161
- 10.1 Introduction161
- 10.2 Sliding of Graphite Flakes162
- 10.3 Superlubricity of a Graphite/C60 Monolayer Film/Graphite 10165
- 10.4 Superlubricity of C60 (C70) Intercalated Graphite Composite168
- 10.5 Origin of Superlubricity of Fullerene Intercalated Graphite Composite172
- References177
- Chapter 11. Superlubricity of Ag Nanometer-Thick Layers under Macroscopic Sliding System in UHV Cond179
- 11.1 Introduction179
- 11.2 Experimental Details180
- 11.3 Film-Thickness Effect on the Lubricity of Ag Film182
- 11.4 Determination of the Shear Plane in Superlubricity of Ag Film186
- 11.5 Morphological Effect on Superlubricity188
- 11.6 Effect of Crystal Orientation on Superlubricity192
- 11.7 Origin of Ag Film Superlubricity195
- 11.8 Conclusion197
- References198
- Chapter 12. Superlubricity between Graphite Surfaces199
- 12.1 Introduction199
- 12.2 Incommensurability-Induced Transition to Frictionless Sliding200
- 12.3 Atomic-Scale Observation of Superlubricity between Graphite Surfaces200
- 12.4 Towards Applications204
- 12.5 Summary205
- Acknowledgements206
- References206
- Chapter 13. Superlubricity of Molybdenum Disulfide207
- 13.1 Low, Ultralow and Superlow Friction207
- 13.2 Characterization of Sputter-Deposited MoS2 Coatings208
- 13.3 Experimental Details for UHV Tribometry and MoS2 Film Deposition210
- 13.4 Ultralow and Superlow Friction of MoS2 Coatings210
- 13.5 HRTEM Investigation of MoS2 Wear Debris216
- 13.6 Possible Explanation for Superlubricity of MoS2217
- 13.7 Ultralow Friction by MoS2 Single Sheets. Towards Superlubricity under Boundary Lubrication220
- 13.8 Ultralow Friction by MoS2 Nanoparticles223
- References224
- Chapter 14. Superlubricity of Tungsten Disulfide Coatings in Ultra High Vacuum227
- 14.1 Introduction227
- 14.2 WS2 Coatings228
- 14.3 IF-WS2 coatings230
- 14.4 Conclusions235
- Acknowledgements235
- References235
- Chapter 15. Superlubricity by H2S Gas Lubrication of Mo237
- Abstract237
- 15.1 Introduction237
- 15.2 Experimental239
- 15.3 Results240
- 15.4 Discussion247
- 15.5 Conclusions250
- Acknowledgements250
- References250
- Chapter 16. Superlubricity in Diamondlike Carbon Films253
- 16.1 Introduction253
- 16.2 Superlubricity in Crystalline Solids254
- 16.3 Superlubricity in Amorphous Carbons257
- 16.4 Summary and Future Direction268
- Acknowledgements269
- References269
- Chapter 17. Superlow Friction of a-C:H Films: Tribochemical and Rheological Effects273
- 17.1 Introduction273
- 17.2 The Wide Friction Range of DLC Films274
- 17.3 Conditions for a-C:H Films to Achieve Superlow Friction277
- 17.4 Achievement and Preservation of Superlow Friction with a-C:H Films283
- 17.5 Conclusion292
- References293
- Chapter 18. Suppression of Moisture Sensitivity of Friction in Carbon-Based Coatings295
- 18.1 Introduction295
- 18.2 Synthesis297
- 18.3 Surface Characterization298
- 18.4 Tribological Testing302
- 18.5 Water-Film Interactions304
- 18.6 Mechanical Properties306
- 18.7 Conclusion309
- References309
- Chapter 19. Application of Carbon Based Nano-Materials to Aeronautics and Space Lubrication311
- 19.1 Introduction311
- 19.2 Experimental312
- 19.3 Results and Discussion317
- 19.4 Concluding Remarks338
- References338
- Chapter 20. Superlubricity of CNx-coatings in Nitrogen Gas Atmosphere341
- 20.1 Introduction341
- 20.2 Fundamental Properties of CNx-coatings341
- 20.3 Superlubricity of CNx-coating on Si-wafer sliding against Si3N4 ball345
- 20.4 Superlubricity of CNx-coating on Si3N4 Disk Sliding against Si3N4 Ball or CNx-coating on Si3N4348
- 20.5 Mechanisms of Low Friction and Low Wear of CNx-coatings351
- 20.6 Summary363
- References363
- Chapter 21. Achieving Ultralow Friction by Aqueous, Brush-Assisted Lubrication365
- 21.1 Introduction365
- 21.2 Macroscopic Scale Contacts368
- 21.3 Micro/Nanoscopic Scale Studies378
- 21.4 Summary and Outlook391
- References392
- Chapter 22. Friction Control at The Molecular Level: From Superlubricity to Stick-Slip397
- 22.1 Introduction397
- 22.2 Experimental402
- 22.3 Results and Discussion409
- References424
- Chapter 23. Super Low Traction under EHD & Mixed Lubrication Regimes427
- 23.1 Introduction427
- 23.2 Traction versus Super Low Traction428
- 23.3 Experimental conditions431
- 23.4 Lubricated Super Low Traction432
- 23.5 Discussion and Conclusion440
- Acknowledgements442
- Annex: Main Properties of the Lubricants442
- References442
- Chapter 24. Superlubricity of In Situ Generated Protective Layer on Worn Metal Surfaces in Presence445
- 24.1 Introduction445
- 24.2 Tribochemical Principles of In Situ Reconditioning of Rubbing Metal Surfaces446
- 24.3 Superlubricity of Protective Layer Generated by ART Mechanochemical Reconditioner Package450
- 24.4 Possible Sources of Superlubricity of In Situ Generated Protective Layer on Worn Metal Surfaces461
- Acknowledgements467
- References467
- Chapter 25. Superlubricity of Diamond/Glycerol Technology Applied to Automotive Gasoline Engines471
- 25.1 Introduction471
- 25.2 Methods472
- 25.3 Results and Discussion477
- 25.4 Conclusion491
- Acknowledgements491
- References492
- Subject Index493
Superlubricity is defined as a sliding regime in which friction or resistance to sliding vanishes. It has been shown that energy can be conserved by further reducing/removing friction in moving mechanical systems and this book includes contributions from world-renowned scientists who address some of the most fundamental research issues in overcoming friction. Superlubricity reviews the latest methods and materials in this area of research that are aimed at removing friction in nano-to-micro scale machines and large scale engineering components. Insight is also given into the atomic-scale origins of friction in general and superlubricity while other chapters focus on experimental and practical aspects or impacts of superlubricity that will be very useful for broader industrial community.
* Reviews the latest fundamental research in superlubricity today
* Presents 'state-of-the-art' methods, materials, and experimental techniques
* Latest developments in tribomaterials, coatings, and lubricants providing superlubricity
* Reviews the latest fundamental research in superlubricity today
* Presents 'state-of-the-art' methods, materials, and experimental techniques
* Latest developments in tribomaterials, coatings, and lubricants providing superlubricity