Surface Acoustic Wave Filters: With Applications to Electronic Communications and Signal Processing
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Table of contents
- Copyright pageiv
- Contentsv
- Prefacexi
- Foreword to second editionxv
- Foreword to previous edition (1991)xvii
- Chapter 1 Basic survey1
- 1.1 Acoustic waves in solids2
- 1.2 Propagation effects and materials7
- 1.3 Basic properties of Interdigital Transducers9
- 1.3.1 Transducer reflectivity and the triple-transit signal9
- 1.3.2 Non-reflective transducers: delta-function model11
- 1.4 Apodization and transversal filtering18
- 1.5 Correlation and signal processing22
- 1.6 Wireless interrogation: sensors and tags24
- 1.7 Resonators and low-loss filters25
- 1.7.1 Gratings and resonators26
- 1.7.2 Low-loss filters for RF27
- 1.7.3 Low-loss filters for IF29
- 1.7.4 Performance of bandpass filters31
- 1.8 Summary of devices and applications33
- Chapter 2 Acoustic waves in elastic solids38
- 2.1 Elasticity in anisotropic materials38
- 2.1.1 Non-piezoelectric materials39
- 2.1.2 Piezoelectric materials41
- 2.2 Waves in isotropic materials43
- 2.2.1 Plane waves44
- 2.2.2 Rayleigh waves in a half-space46
- 2.2.3 Shear-horizontal waves in a half-space51
- 2.2.4 Waves in a layered half-space51
- 2.2.5 Waves in a parallel-sided plate55
- 2.3 Waves in anisotropic materials57
- 2.3.1 Plane waves in an infinite medium57
- 2.3.2 Theory for a piezoelectric half-space58
- 2.3.3 Surface-wave solutions60
- 2.3.4 Other solutions63
- 2.3.5 Surface waves in layered substrates: perturbation theory63
- Chapter 3 Electrical excitation at a plane surface68
- 3.1 Electrostatic case68
- 3.2 Piezoelectric half-space72
- 3.3 Some properties of the effective permittivity75
- 3.4 Green's function79
- 3.5 Other applications of the effective permittivity82
- Chapter 4 Propagation effects and materials87
- 4.1 Diffraction and beam steering87
- 4.1.1 Formulation using angular spectrum of plane waves88
- 4.1.2 Beam steering in the near field90
- 4.1.3 Minimal-diffraction orientations91
- 4.1.4 Diffracted field in the parabolic approximation: scaling92
- 4.1.5 Two-transducer devices95
- 4.2 Propagation loss and non-linear effects100
- 4.3 Temperature effects and velocity errors101
- 4.4 Materials for surface-wave devices104
- 4.4.1 Orientation: Euler angles104
- 4.4.2 Single-crystal materials105
- 4.4.3 Thin films108
- Chapter 5 Non-reflective transducers114
- 5.1 Analysis for a general array of electrodes115
- 5.1.1 The quasi-static approximation115
- 5.1.2 Electrostatic equations and charge superposition118
- 5.1.3 Current entering one electrode122
- 5.1.4 Evaluation of the acoustic potential123
- 5.2 Quasi-static analysis of transducers125
- 5.2.1 Launching transducer125
- 5.2.2 Transducer admittance127
- 5.2.3 Receiving transducer128
- 5.3 Summary and P-matrix formulation130
- 5.4 Transducers with regular electrodes: element factor134
- 5.5 Admittance of uniform transducers139
- 5.5.1 Acoustic conductance and susceptance140
- 5.5.2 Capacitance143
- 5.5.3 Comparative performance144
- 5.6 Two-transducer devices145
- 5.6.1 Device using unapodized transducers146
- 5.6.2 Device using an apodized transducer149
- 5.6.3 Admittance of apodized transducers152
- 5.6.4 Two-transducer device using a multistrip coupler154
- Chapter 6 Bandpass filtering using non-reflective transducers157
- 6.1 Basic properties of uniform transducers158
- 6.2 Apodized transducer as a transversal filter161
- 6.3 Design of transversal filters169
- 6.3.1 Use of window functions169
- 6.3.2 Optimized design: the Remez algorithm173
- 6.3.3 Withdrawal weighting175
- 6.4 Filter design and performance177
- Chapter 7 Correlators for pulse compression radar and communications183
- 7.1 Pulse compression radar184
- 7.2 Chirp waveforms187
- 7.2.1 Waveform characteristics187
- 7.2.2 Weighting of linear-chirp filters192
- 7.3 Interdigital chirp transducers and filters196
- 7.3.1 Chirp transducer analysis197
- 7.3.2 Transducer design202
- 7.3.3 Filter design and performance204
- 7.4 Reflective array compressors208
- 7.5 Doppler effects and spectral analysis210
- 7.6 Correlation in spread-spectrum communications212
- 7.6.1 Principles of spread-spectrum systems212
- 7.6.2 Linear matched filters for PSK214
- 7.6.3 Non-linear convolvers215
- Chapter 8 Reflective gratings and transducers225
- 8.1 Reflective array method for gratings and transducers226
- 8.1.1 Infinite-length grating226
- 8.1.2 Finite-length grating229
- 8.1.3 Transducer with regular electrodes231
- 8.1.4 Reflectivity and velocity for single-electrode transducers233
- 8.2 Coupling of Modes (COM) Equations238
- 8.2.1 Derivation of equations238
- 8.2.2 General solution for a uniform transducer242
- 8.2.3 The Natural SPUDT effect in single-electrode transducers248
- 8.3 Numerical evaluation of COM parameters251
- 8.3.1 Theoretical methods for periodic structures251
- 8.3.2 Coupled-mode parameters from band edge frequencies256
- Chapter 9 Unidirectional transducers and their application to bandpass filtering263
- 9.1 General considerations264
- 9.2 DART mechanism and analysis266
- 9.3 Bandpass filtering using DARTs274
- 9.4 Other SPUDT structures and analysis for parameters278
- 9.5 Other SPUDT filters282
- 9.6 Other low-loss techniques286
- Chapter 10 Waveguides and transversely coupled resonator filters293
- 10.1 Basic strip waveguides294
- 10.2 Waveguide modes in interdigital devices299
- 10.3 Analysis for general waveguides302
- 10.4 Transversely-Coupled Resonator (TCR) filter304
- 10.5 Unbound waveguide modes309
- 10.6 Waveguides including electrode reflectivity312
- Chapter 11 Resonators and resonator filters317
- 11.1 Resonator types318
- 11.1.1 Gratings and cavities318
- 11.1.2 Single-port resonator322
- 11.1.3 Two-port resonator326
- 11.1.4 Single-electrode transducer as resonator330
- 11.2 Surface-wave oscillators332
- 11.3 Impedance Element Filters335
- 11.4 Leaky waves340
- 11.4.1 Leaky waves and surface-skimming bulk waves340
- 11.4.2 Leaky waves in lithium tantalate342
- 11.4.3 Coupled-mode analysis of gratings and transducers346
- 11.4.4 Other leaky waves351
- 11.5 Longitudinally-Coupled Resonator (LCR) filters352
- Appendix A: Fourier transforms and linear filters359
- A.1 Fourier transforms359
- A.2 Linear filters363
- A.3 Matched filtering366
- A.4 Non-uniform sampling369
- A.5 Some properties of bandpass waveforms371
- A.6 Hilbert transforms376
- Appendix B: Reciprocity378
- B.1 General relation for a mechanically free surface378
- B.2 Reciprocity for two-terminal transducers379
- B.3 Symmetry of the green's function383
- B.4 Reciprocity for surface excitation of a half-space384
- B.5 Reciprocity for surface-wave transducers384
- B.6 Surface-wave generation387
- Appendix C: Elemental charge density for regular electrodes390
- C.1 Some properties of legendre functions390
- C.2 Elemental charge density393
- C.3 Net charges on electrodes395
- Appendix D: P-matrix relations397
- D.1 General relations397
- D.2 Cascading formulae400
- Appendix E: Electrical loading in an array of regular electrodes409
- E.1 General solution for low frequencies409
- E.2 Propagation outside the stop band414
- E.3 Stop bands417
- E.4 Theory of the multistrip coupler421
- Index423
- A423
- B423
- C424
- D424
- E425
- F425
- G425
- H425
- I425
- K425
- L425
- M426
- N426
- O426
- P426
- Q427
- R427
- S427
- T428
- U428
- V428
- W428
- Z429
This book gives the fundamental principles and device design techniques for surface acoustic wave filters. It covers the devices in widespread use today: bandpass and pulse compression filters, correlators and non-linear convolvers and resonators. The newest technologies for low bandpass filters are fully covered such as unidirectional transducers, resonators in impedance element filters, resonators in double-mode surface acoustic wave filters and transverse-coupled resonators using waveguides.
The book covers the theory of acoustic wave physics, the piezoelectric effect, electrostatics at a surface, effective permittivity, piezoelectric SAW excitation and reception, and the SAW element factor. These are the main requirements for developing quasi-static theory, which gives a basis for the non-reflective transducers in transversal bandpass filters and interdigital pulse compression filters. It is also needed for the reflective transducers used in the newer devices.
* A thorough revision of a classic on surface acoustic wave filters first published in 1985 and still in print
* Uniquely combines easy -to -understand principles with practical design techniques for all the devices in widespread use today
* Complete coverage of all the latest devices which are key to mobile phones, TVs and radar systems
* Includes a new foreword by Sir Eric Albert Ash
The book covers the theory of acoustic wave physics, the piezoelectric effect, electrostatics at a surface, effective permittivity, piezoelectric SAW excitation and reception, and the SAW element factor. These are the main requirements for developing quasi-static theory, which gives a basis for the non-reflective transducers in transversal bandpass filters and interdigital pulse compression filters. It is also needed for the reflective transducers used in the newer devices.
* A thorough revision of a classic on surface acoustic wave filters first published in 1985 and still in print
* Uniquely combines easy -to -understand principles with practical design techniques for all the devices in widespread use today
* Complete coverage of all the latest devices which are key to mobile phones, TVs and radar systems
* Includes a new foreword by Sir Eric Albert Ash