Symbolic Projection for Image Information Retrieval and Spatial Reasoning: Theory, Applications and Systems for Image Information Retrieval and Spatial Reasoning
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Table of contents
- Contentsvii
- Series prefacev
- Prefacex
- Chapter 1. Introduction1
- 1.1. Image information systems3
- 1.2. A conceptual framework4
- 1.3. Two examples of image information retrieval and spatial reasoning6
- 1.4. Organization of the book14
- References16
- Part I: Basic theory with applications to image information retrieval17
- Chapter 2. Image data structures19
- 2.1. Introduction19
- 2.2. The object data structure20
- 2.3. Run-length code21
- 2.4. Other spatial data structures23
- 2.5. Characteristic attributes26
- 2.6. The σ-tree structure27
- References28
- Chapter 3. 2D strings31
- 3.1. 2D string representation of symbolic pictures31
- 3.2. Picture reconstruction from a 2D string34
- 3.3. Picture matching by 2D string matching37
- 3.4. Iconic indexing41
- 3.5. Characterization of ambiguous pictures43
- 3.6. Summary47
- References48
- Chapter 4. Generalized 2D strings49
- 4.1. Variable-sized grids49
- 4.2. Image segmentation by cutting lines51
- 4.3. Definition of generalized 2D string52
- 4.4. The empty space object53
- 4.5. Projection types54
- 4.6. A taxonomy of 2D and 3D strings55
- References57
- Chapter 5. Local operators and spatial relations59
- 5.1. Extensions of the original operator set59
- 5.2. Further extensions to the operator set62
- 5.3. The sparse cutting mechanism (Lee and Hsu)64
- 5.4. Polar and concentric cuttings68
- 5.5. Orthogonal relations70
- 5.6. Partly related methods80
- References84
- Chapter 6. Applications to image information retrieval87
- 6.1. Image database queries88
- 6.2. An intelligent image database system (Chang et al.)88
- 6.3. Similarity retrieval97
- 6.4. CAD database (Hildebrandt and Tang)101
- 6.5. Geographical information systems (GIS) (Sun)105
- 6.6. Retrieval of similar Chinese characters (Chang and Lin)108
- 6.7. 3D image database querying (Del Bimbo et al.)109
- 6.8. Medical image database system (Kostomanolakis et al.)111
- References112
- Part II: Advanced theory with applications to spatial reasoning115
- Chapter 7. An image algebra117
- 7.1. Background117
- 7.2. Basic global operators and the partition technique118
- 7.3. The empty space object119
- 7.4. Laws of the generalized empty space121
- 7.5. Object manipulation rules123
- 7.6. Unification125
- 7.7. Overlapping objects127
- 7.8. Operator precedence128
- 7.9. Remarks129
- References130
- Chapter 8. Transformations131
- 8.1. Hierarchies131
- 8.2. Generahzed 2D strings and local operators136
- 8.3. Transformations of algebraic expressions into a tile graph138
- 8.4. Rotations140
- 8.5. Interval projections to achieve rotation invariance145
- 8.6. Compacting algebraic expressions153
- References155
- Chapter 9. Generalized symbolic projection157
- 9.1. Generalized projection157
- 9.2. Line segment relations160
- 9.3. Directions162
- 9.4. Distances166
- 9.5. Path projection170
- 9.6. Polar projection172
- 9.7. Transformations between the qualitative systems176
- References177
- Chapter 10. spatial reasoning and applications179
- 10.1. Introduction to qualitative spatial reasoning179
- 10.2. Other reasoning approaches182
- 10.3. Symbolic projection applied to route planning (Holmes and Jungert).209
- References222
- Part III: Active image information systems225
- Chapter 11. Visual queries227
- 11.1. Representation of the information space227
- 11.2. Strategies for visual reasoning230
- 11.3. Visual query systems for image databases232
- 11.4. Taxonomy of visual querying paradigms234
- 11.5. Database interaction techniques236
- 11.6. An experimental multiparadigmatic visual interface239
- 11.7. Conclusion244
- References244
- Chapter 12. Active indexing247
- 12.1. Introduction247
- 12.2. The index cell248
- 12.3. The active index system252
- 12.4. Active index for smart images254
- 12.5. Reversible index for feature-based indexing259
- 12.6. Applying active indexing and spatial reasoning to disaster management261
- 12.7. Active index for image information systems265
- References266
- Chapter 13. Extensions to higher dimensions267
- 13.1. Iconic indexing for 3D scenes (Costagliola et al.)267
- 13.2. 3D strings for binary pictures274
- 13.3. Image sequence compression (Arndt and Chang)279
- 13.4. Spatiotemporal indexing (Del Bimbo and Vicario)281
- References285
- Chapter 14. The σ-tree spatial data model287
- 14.1. The basic principles287
- 14.2. The general view289
- 14.3. A compact model289
- 14.4. Operations290
- 14.5. Projecting σR onto 2D planes291
- 14.6. Spatial query models293
- 14.7. Concluding remarks298
- References298
- Chapter 15. A survey of image information systems and future directions299
- 15.1. Indexing and data structures299
- 15.2. A survey of image information systems301
- 15.3. Data models301
- 15.4. Conclusion305
- References306
- Bibliography309
- Index321
- Color Plate SectionColor Plat
Information systems with an abundance of graphics data are growing rapidly due to advances in data storage technology, the development of multimedia communications across networks, and the fact that parallel computers are leading to faster image processing systems.
This book addresses image information retrieval and spatial reasoning using an approach called Symbolic Projection, which supports descriptions of the image content on the basis of the spatial relationships between the pictorial objects. Image information systems have a wide variety of applications, including information retrieval on the World Wide Web, medical pictorial archiving, computer-aided design, robotics, and geographical information systems, and this book is comprehensively illustrated with examples from these areas.
Symbolic Projection now forms the basis of an enormous number and range of information retrieval algorithms, and also supports query-by-picture and qualitative spatial reasoning. Both authors are international experts in the field, and the book will serve as an excellent source for those working in multimedia systems and image information systems who wish to find out more about this exciting area.
Key Features
* An all-inclusive source to the field--all you need to know
* S-K. Chang is the leading authority in this field, which he pioneered
* Includes a wide variety of applications, including information retrieval on the World Wide Web, computer-aided design, and geographical information systems
This book addresses image information retrieval and spatial reasoning using an approach called Symbolic Projection, which supports descriptions of the image content on the basis of the spatial relationships between the pictorial objects. Image information systems have a wide variety of applications, including information retrieval on the World Wide Web, medical pictorial archiving, computer-aided design, robotics, and geographical information systems, and this book is comprehensively illustrated with examples from these areas.
Symbolic Projection now forms the basis of an enormous number and range of information retrieval algorithms, and also supports query-by-picture and qualitative spatial reasoning. Both authors are international experts in the field, and the book will serve as an excellent source for those working in multimedia systems and image information systems who wish to find out more about this exciting area.
Key Features
* An all-inclusive source to the field--all you need to know
* S-K. Chang is the leading authority in this field, which he pioneered
* Includes a wide variety of applications, including information retrieval on the World Wide Web, computer-aided design, and geographical information systems