Text Entry Systems: Mobility, Accessibility, Universality
Regular price
23.000 KD
inc. VAT
Couldn't load pickup availability
Table of contents
- Contentsv
- Preface: Variety and Universalityix
- Part 1 Foundations1
- Chapter 1 Historical Overview of Consumer Text Entry Technologies3
- 1.1 INTRODUCTION3
- 1.2 TYPEWRITER, 1870s TO 1980s4
- 1.3 PERSONAL COMPUTER, 1980S TO PRESENT10
- 1.4 MOBILE PHONES, 1990S TO PRESENT14
- 1.5 HANDHELD COMPUTERS17
- 1.6 CONCLUSIONS22
- 1.7 FURTHER READING23
- REFERENCES23
- Chapter 2 Language Models for Text Entry27
- 2.1 INTRODUCTION27
- 2.2 BASIC MODEL OF TEXT ENTRY28
- 2.3 N-GRAM MODELS32
- 2.4 HIDDEN MARKOV MODEL35
- 2.5 ADAPTIVE MODELS38
- 2.6 CONCLUDING REMARKS43
- REFERENCES44
- Chapter 3 Measures of Text Entry Performance47
- 3.1 INTRODUCTION47
- 3.2 AGGREGATE MEASURES48
- 3.3 CHARACTER-LEVEL MEASURES60
- 3.4 MEASUREMENTS FROM LOG FILES65
- 3.5 METHOD-SPECIFIC MEASURES66
- 3.6 DISCUSSION OF MEASURES70
- 3.7 FURTHER READING71
- REFERENCES71
- Chapter 4 Evaluation of Text Entry Techniques75
- 4.1 INTRODUCTION75
- 4.2 COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF TEXT ENTRY TECHNIQUES78
- 4.3 EXPERIMENT DESIGN83
- 4.4 LEARNING93
- 4.5 SUMMARY AND FURTHER READING97
- REFERENCES98
- Part 2 Entry Modalities and Devices103
- Chapter 5 Text Entry Using a Small Number of Buttons105
- 5.1 INTRODUCTION105
- 5.2 MOBILE PHONE KEYPAD AND ENTRY METHODS107
- 5.3 CHARACTERISTIC MEASURES FOR AMBIGUOUS KEYBOARDS109
- 5.4 MOBILE PHONE KEYPAD VARIANTS111
- 5.5 EVALUATING KEYBOARDS115
- 5.6 ENTRY BY COMPLETION117
- 5.7 SUMMARY AND FURTHER READING119
- REFERENCES119
- Chapter 6 English Language Handwriting Recognition Interfaces123
- 6.1 INTRODUCTION123
- 6.2 OFFLINE HANDWRITING RECOGNITION125
- 6.3 ONLINE HANDWRITING RECOGNITION126
- 6.4 SHORTHAND131
- 6.5 COMMERCIAL ONLINE SYSTEMS134
- 6.6 CASE STUDY134
- 6.7 FURTHER READING135
- REFERENCES135
- Chapter 7 Introduction to Shape Writing139
- 7.1 INTRODUCTION139
- 7.2 THE BASIC CONCEPT OF SHAPE WRITING139
- 7.3 INFORMATION AND CONSTRAINTS140
- 7.4 SHAPE-WRITING RECOGNITION142
- 7.5 OUT-OF-LEXICON INPUT, AMBIGUITY, AND ERROR HANDLING143
- 7.6 HUMAN SENSITIVITY TO SHAPE AS AN ENCODING MODALITY AND THE PROGRESSION FROM TRACING TO DIRECT SH146
- 7.7 EFFICIENCY AND LAYOUT MATTERS148
- 7.8 THE MULTIPLE DIMENSIONS AND GUIDELINES OF EFFICIENT TEXT ENTRY151
- 7.9 FURTHER READING155
- REFERENCES155
- Chapter 8 Speech-Based Interfaces159
- 8.1 INTRODUCTION159
- 8.2 CATEGORIES OF SPEECH RECOGNITION TASKS159
- 8.3 PRINCIPLES OF SPEECH RECOGNITION161
- 8.4 DICTATION SYSTEMS AND THEIR DIFFICULTIES164
- 8.5 SPOKEN DIALOGUE SYSTEMS AND THEIR DIFFICULTIES165
- 8.6 EVALUATION OF SPEECH-BASED INPUT SYSTEMS166
- 8.7 CONCLUSION171
- REFERENCES172
- Chapter 9 Text Entry by Gaze: Utilizing Eye Tracking175
- 9.1 INTRODUCTION175
- 9.2 DIFFERENT APPROACHES TO TEXT ENTRY BY GAZE176
- 9.3 CASE STUDIES AND GUIDELINES181
- 9.4 FURTHER READING184
- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS185
- REFERENCES185
- Part 3 Language Variations189
- Chapter 10 Writing System Variation and Text Entry191
- 10.1 INTRODUCTION191
- 10.2 VARIATION IN WRITING SYSTEMS192
- 10.3 TEXT ENTRY PROBLEMS IN DIFFERENT WRITING SYSTEMS194
- 10.4 ALPHABETIC SCRIPTS196
- 10.5 CONCLUDING REMARKS201
- 10.6 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS201
- REFERENCES201
- Chapter 11 Text Entry in East Asian Languages203
- 11.1 INTRODUCTION203
- 11.2 LANGUAGE DESCRIPTION204
- 11.3 NONPREDICTIVE METHODS209
- 11.4 PREDICTIVE ENTRY BASED ON PHONETICS212
- 11.5 PREDICTIVE ENTRY BASED ON SHAPES217
- 11.6 ENTRY ON OTHER DEVICES219
- 11.7 IDEOGRAM ENTRY SYSTEM FOR NONNATIVES222
- 11.8 CONCLUSION223
- REFERENCES224
- Chapter 12 Text Entry in South and Southeast Asian Scripts227
- 12.1 INTRODUCTION227
- 12.2 CHARACTERISTICS OF AN ABUGIDA228
- 12.3 TEXT ENTRY ISSUES231
- 12.4 TEXT ENTRY SYSTEMS IN INDIA235
- 12.5 TEXT ENTRY SYSTEMS IN THAILAND240
- 12.6 CONCLUSION246
- 12.7 FURTHER READING247
- REFERENCES247
- Chapter 13 Text Entry in Hebrew and Arabic Scripts251
- 13.1 INTRODUCTION251
- 13.2 ARABIC AND HEBREW SCRIPTS252
- 13.3 STANDARD ENTRY256
- 13.4 ENTRY ON MOBILE DEVICES262
- 13.5 TOWARD COMPUTER-AIDED ENTRY265
- 13.6 CONCLUDING REMARKS266
- 13.7 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS267
- REFERENCES267
- Part 4 Accessibility, Universality269
- Chapter 14 Text Input for the Elderly and the Young271
- 14.1 INTRODUCTION271
- 14.2 OVERVIEW OF AGE EFFECTS272
- 14.3 TEXT INPUT FOR THE ELDERLY276
- 14.4 TEXT INPUT FOR CHILDREN279
- 14.5 CASE STUDY„EVALUATING TEXT INPUT WITH CHILDREN284
- 14.6 FURTHER READING286
- REFERENCES286
- Chapter 15 Text Entry When Movement is Impaired289
- 15.1 INTRODUCTION289
- 15.2 USING KEYBOARDS290
- 15.3 ASSISTIVE INPUT TECHNIQUES290
- 15.4 ALTERNATIVES TO STANDARD KEYBOARDS292
- 15.5 AAC TEXT INPUT296
- 15.6 CASE STUDY: DISAMBIGUATION298
- 15.7 FURTHER READING299
- REFERENCES300
- Chapter 16 Text Entry for People with Visual Impairments305
- 16.1 INTRODUCTION305
- 16.2 TEXT ENTRY FOR LATIN ALPHABETS306
- 16.3 TEXT ENTRY FOR IDEOGRAPHIC CHARACTERS308
- 16.4 SELECTION-BASED TEXT ENTRY INTERFACES311
- 16.5 DESIGN GUIDELINES313
- 16.6 CONCLUSION316
- RELATED ORGANIZATIONS AND RESEARCH GROUPS316
- MAJOR PRODUCTS317
- REFERENCES317
- Index319
- A319
- B320
- C320
- D321
- E321
- F322
- G322
- H322
- I323
- J323
- K323
- L324
- M324
- N325
- O325
- P325
- Q325
- R326
- S326
- T327
- U327
- V328
- W328
- Y328
- Z328
- About the Authors329
Text entry has never been so important as it is today. This is in large part due to the phenomenal, relatively recent success of mobile computing, text messaging on mobile phones, and the proliferation of small devices like the Blackberry and Palm Pilot. Compared with the recent past, when text entry was primarily through the standard “qwerty keyboard, people today use a diverse array of devices with the number and variety of such devices ever increasing.
The variety is not just in the devices, but also in the technologies used: Entry modalities have become more varied and include speech recognition and synthesis, handwriting recognition, and even eye-tracking using image processing on web-cams. Statistical language modeling has advanced greatly in the past ten years and so therein is potential to facilitate and improve text entry—increasingly, the way people communicate.
This book consists of four parts, and covers these areas: Guidelines for Designing Better Entry Systems (including research methodologies, measurement, and language modelling); Devices and Modalities; Languages of the world and entry systems in those languages; and variety in users and their difficulties with text entry—and the possible design and guideline solutions for those individual user groups.
This book covers different aspects of text entry systems and offers prospective researchers and developers
* global guidelines for conducting research on text entry, in terms of design strategy, evaluation methodology, and requirements;
* history and current state of the art of entry systems, including coverage of recent research topics;
* specific guidelines for designing entry systems for a specific target, depending on devices, modalities, language, and different physical conditions of users
The variety is not just in the devices, but also in the technologies used: Entry modalities have become more varied and include speech recognition and synthesis, handwriting recognition, and even eye-tracking using image processing on web-cams. Statistical language modeling has advanced greatly in the past ten years and so therein is potential to facilitate and improve text entry—increasingly, the way people communicate.
This book consists of four parts, and covers these areas: Guidelines for Designing Better Entry Systems (including research methodologies, measurement, and language modelling); Devices and Modalities; Languages of the world and entry systems in those languages; and variety in users and their difficulties with text entry—and the possible design and guideline solutions for those individual user groups.
This book covers different aspects of text entry systems and offers prospective researchers and developers
* global guidelines for conducting research on text entry, in terms of design strategy, evaluation methodology, and requirements;
* history and current state of the art of entry systems, including coverage of recent research topics;
* specific guidelines for designing entry systems for a specific target, depending on devices, modalities, language, and different physical conditions of users