The Analysis of Burned Human Remains
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Table of contents
- Cover
- Table of Contentsv
- List of Contributorsix
- Prefacexi
- Chapter 1 Fire and Bodies1
- A FIRE PRIMER1
- ROOM FIRES7
- EFFECTS8
- CASE STUDIES9
- CONCLUSIONS13
- LITERATURE CITED13
- Chapter 2 Patterned Thermal Destruction of Human Remains in a Forensic Setting15
- INTRODUCTION TO BURNED BONE RESEARCH15
- RESEARCH APPROACHES: SAME PROBLEM, DIFFERENT PERSPECTIVES18
- FORENSIC PRACTICE AND PERSPECTIVE19
- FORENSIC IMPLICATIONS: PROBLEMS AND GOALS22
- SUMMARY50
- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS51
- REFERENCES51
- Chapter 3 The Recovery and Study of Burned Human Teeth55
- INTRODUCTION55
- PURPOSE AND CAVEATS55
- FIELD RECOVERY56
- THERMALLY INDUCED CHANGES IN COLOR, TEXTURE, AND SIZE58
- DENTAL RESTORATIONS AND ORTHODONTICS66
- CASE STUDY: BAUMEISTER HOMICIDES69
- CONCLUSION71
- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS72
- LITERATURE CITED72
- Chapter 4 Analysis of Human Cremains: Gross and Chemical Methods75
- INTRODUCTION75
- CREMATION PROCESS76
- METHODS USED TO ANALYZE CREMAINS85
- CHEMICAL METHODS88
- FORENSIC CASE STUDY USING ICP-MS89
- CONCLUSIONS92
- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS93
- REFERENCES93
- Chapter 5 Thermally Induced Changes in the Stable Carbon and Nitrogen Isotope Ratios of Charred Bone95
- INTRODUCTION95
- BONE CHARRING AND ITS EFFECT ON THE ISOTOPIC COMPOSITION OF BONE ORGANIC MATERIAL96
- CONTROLLED HEATING EXPERIMENTS TO EVALUATE ISOTOPIC CHANGES IN CHARRED BONES97
- EVALUATING PREHISTORIC CREMATIONS99
- RESULTS102
- DISCUSSION105
- CONCLUSIONS106
- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS106
- REFERENCES107
- Chapter 6 Bone Color as an Interpretive Tool of the Depositional History of Archaeological Cremains109
- INTRODUCTION109
- BURNED BONE RESEARCH109
- BONE COLOR111
- COLOR MODELS112
- WALKER-NOE 15GD56113
- WALKER-NOE 15GD56 CREMAINS115
- RESULTS117
- DISCUSSION125
- CONCLUSION126
- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS126
- REFERENCES126
- Chapter 7 Time, Temperature, and Oxygen Availability: An Experimental Study of the Effects of Enviro129
- INTRODUCTION129
- EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN130
- BONE COLOR AND THE CREMATION ENVIRONMENT131
- DURATION OF CREMATION133
- CHEMICAL ANALYSIS133
- COLLAGEN ANALYSIS134
- CONCLUSION135
- REFERENCES135
- Chapter 8 Heat-Related Changes in Tooth Color: Temperature Versus Duration of Exposure137
- INTRODUCTION137
- MATERIALS AND METHOD138
- RESULTS139
- DISCUSSION141
- CONCLUSION143
- LITERATURE CITED144
- Chapter 9 Investigations on Pre-Roman and Roman Cremation Remains from Southwestern Germany: Results145
- INTRODUCTION145
- SKELETAL REMAINS146
- METHODOLOGICAL ASPECTS147
- ANTHROPOLOGICAL INVESTIGATION152
- CONCLUDING REMARKS157
- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS157
- REFERENCES157
- Chapter 10 In the Heat of the Pyre: Efficiency of Oxidation in Romano-British Cremations – Did it163
- INTRODUCTION163
- THE CREMATION PROCESS164
- CREMATION IN ROMAN BRITAIN169
- VARIATIONS IN OXIDATION173
- CONCLUSIONS180
- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS181
- REFERENCES181
- Chapter 11 Fire as a Cultural Taphonomic Agent: Understanding Mortuary Behavior at Khuzhir-Nuge XIV,185
- INTRODUCTION185
- METHODS189
- RESULTS190
- CONCLUSION196
- REFERENCES198
- Chapter 12 Putting Together the Pieces: Reconstructing Mortuary Practices from Commingled Ossuary Cr201
- INTRODUCTION201
- BACKGROUND201
- METHODS OF ANALYSIS204
- RESULTS205
- MORTUARY BEHAVIOR RECONSTRUCTED207
- REFERENCES208
- Chapter 13 A Taphonomic Analysis of Human Cremains from the Fox Hollow Farm Serial Homicide Site211
- INTRODUCTION211
- THE STUDY SAMPLE213
- SCORING METHODS215
- RESULTS217
- SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS224
- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS225
- REFERENCES225
- Chapter 14 Early Archaic Cremations from Southern Indiana227
- INTRODUCTION227
- OSTEOLOGY229
- MORTUARY TREATMENT233
- DISCUSSION235
- CONCLUSION236
- REFERENCES236
- Chapter 15 Towards an Archaeology of Cremation239
- INTRODUCTION239
- THE PERCEPTION OF CREMATION239
- THEMES IN THE ARCHAEOLOGY OF CREMATION241
- THEORETICAL APPROACHES FOR THE ARCHAEOLOGY OF CREMATION249
- CASE STUDY: A LATE IRON-AGE CREMATION CEMETERY NEAR WESTHAMPNETT, SUSSEX255
- CONCLUSION264
- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS264
- BIBLIOGRAPHY264
- Index271
- Color Plates281
This unique reference provides a primary source for osteologists and the medical/legal community for the understanding of burned bone remains in forensic or archaeological contexts. It describes in detail the changes in human bone and soft tissues as a body burns at both the chemical and gross levels and provides an overview of the current procedures in burned bone study. Case studies in forensic and archaeological settings aid those interested in the analysis of burned human bodies, from death scene investigators, to biological anthropologists looking at the recent or ancient dead.
* Includes the diagnostic patterning of color changes that give insight to the severity of burning, the positioning of the body, and presence (or absence) of soft tissues during the burning event
* Chapters on bones and teeth give step-by-step recommendations for how to study and recognize burned hard tissues
* Includes the diagnostic patterning of color changes that give insight to the severity of burning, the positioning of the body, and presence (or absence) of soft tissues during the burning event
* Chapters on bones and teeth give step-by-step recommendations for how to study and recognize burned hard tissues