The Flaviviruses: Structure, Replication and Evolution: Structure, Replication and Evolution
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Table of contents
- Contentsv
- Chapter 1. Taxonomy of the Virus Family Flaviviridae1
- I. Historical Perspective1
- II. Early Classification3
- III. Toward an Adequate Taxonomy5
- IV. Current Taxonomic Placement of Flaviviruses7
- References17
- Part 1: Structure and Replication21
- Chapter 2. Molecular Biology of Flaviviruses23
- I. Introduction23
- II. Viral Life Cycle23
- III. Flavivirus Particles25
- IV. Genome Structure28
- V. Virus Proteins32
- VI. RNA Replication45
- References47
- Chapter 3. Flavivirus Structure and Membrane Fusion63
- Preamble63
- I. Introduction63
- II. Assembly and Maturation66
- III. Structure of the E Protein69
- IV. Architecture of Recombinant Subviral Particles and Virions72
- V. Fusion Characteristics74
- VI. Low pH-Induced Structural Changes75
- VII. Interactions with Membranes77
- VIII. Function of the prM Protein80
- IX. Comparative Aspects of the Flavivirus Fusion Machinery81
- References84
- Addendum91
- References for Addendum97
- Chapter 4. Kunjin RNA Replication and Applications of Kunjin Replicons99
- I. Introduction100
- II. Foundations for Developing a Model of KUNV RNA Synthesis101
- III. Extending the Scope of Replication Analyses103
- IV. Ultrastructure of Induced Membranes, Their Association with the Replication Complex (RC), and Th107
- V. Molecular Approaches to Study Formation and Operation of the RC117
- VI. Development of the Kunjin Replicon Expression System for Vaccines and Gene Therapy.129
- VII. Concluding Remarks133
- References134
- Chapter 5. Antigenic Structure of Flavivirus Proteins141
- I. Introduction141
- II. Classical Flavivirus Serology142
- III. B-Cell Epitopes143
- IV. T-Cell Epitopes159
- V. Conclusion163
- References164
- Chapter 6. 5'- and 3' -Noncoding Regions in Flavivirus RNA177
- I. Introduction177
- II. Conserved Linear Sequence Features of NCRs in Flavivirus RNA181
- III. Secondary Structure of NCRs.203
- IV. Mutational Changes in the 5' or 3' NCR and the 3' SL May Result in Attenuation of Virus Virulenc214
- V. Hypothesis for Hydrogen Bonding between 5' and 3' NCRs215
- VI. Additional Secondary Structure Predictions in the 3' NCR216
- VII. Summary and Future Directions219
- References223
- Chapter 7. Manipulation of Cell Surface Macromolecules by Flaviviruses229
- I. Introduction230
- II. The Flavivirus Receptor Binding Protein230
- III. Cell Targets for Flaviviruses232
- IV. Cell Surface Macromolecules Involved in Flavivirus Attachment242
- V. Cell Surface Macromolecules Modulated by Flavivirus Infection249
- VI. Other Cell Surface Macromolecular Modifications Triggered by Flavivirus Infection253
- VII. Conclusions255
- References255
- Part 2: Flavivirus Evolution275
- Chapter 8. Origins, Evolution, and Vector/Host Coadaptations Within the Genus Flavivirus277
- I. Introduction278
- II. Phylogenetic Analysis of the Genus Flavivirus281
- III. Impact of Host/Virus Coadaptation on Flavivirus Evolution285
- IV. What Are the Origins of Flaviviruses?304
- V. Does Recombination Occur between Flaviviruses and, if so, What Is the Likely Impact? References306
- References308
- Chapter 9. Microevolution and Virulence of Dengue Viruses315
- I. Introduction316
- II. Genetic Variation within Dengue Serotypes317
- III. Phylogenetics of Dengue Viruses318
- IV. Viral Determinants of Disease331
- V. Viral Determinants of Transmission334
- VI. Viral Displacement and Epidemiology335
- References336
- Index343
- Color Plate Section371
Over 50% of known flaviviruses have been associated with human disease. The Flavivirus genus constitutes some of the most serious human pathogens including Japanese encephalitis, dengue and yellow fever. Flaviviruses are known for their complex life cycles and epidemic spread, and are considered a globally-emergent viral threat.
Structure, Replication and Evolution is the first volume of The Flaviviruses and presents the latest research covering the conceptual advances on aspects such as the characterization of virus structure, cellular receptors, mechanisms of virus entry, host and viral components of the RNA replicase.
* Includes new, detailed information on the evolution, viral structure and replication of the Flavivirus family
* The only complete reference book on a major virus family
* Descibes the technologies that have contributed to our current knowledge about Flaviviruses
* Identifies the major problems faced in understanding the virus-host interactions that result in disease
Structure, Replication and Evolution is the first volume of The Flaviviruses and presents the latest research covering the conceptual advances on aspects such as the characterization of virus structure, cellular receptors, mechanisms of virus entry, host and viral components of the RNA replicase.
* Includes new, detailed information on the evolution, viral structure and replication of the Flavivirus family
* The only complete reference book on a major virus family
* Descibes the technologies that have contributed to our current knowledge about Flaviviruses
* Identifies the major problems faced in understanding the virus-host interactions that result in disease