Elsevier S & T

The Future of Nuclear Power

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Table of contents

Front CoverCover
The Future of Nuclear Poweriii
Copyright Pageiv
Contentsxi
Prefacev
Acknowledgementsix
Chapter 1. Present Generation Reactors3
1.1. Introduction/Objectives3
1.2. Light Water Reactors3
1.3. Heavy Water Reactors13
1.4. Gas-Cooled Reactors14
1.5. Liquid Metal-Cooled Reactors18
1.6. Fusion19
References20
Chapter 2. Continued Operation of Existing Plant25
2.1. Introduction/Objectives25
2.2. Incentives25
2.3. International Policies28
2.4. Economic Issues29
2.5. Safety of Older Plants33
2.6. Environmental Issues34
2.7. Nuclear Competence37
2.8. Extension of Life38
2.9. Public Safety Concerns44
References49
Chapter 3. Operational Safety53
3.1. Introduction/Objectives53
3.2. International Support53
3.3. Safety Performance55
3.4. Radiation Protection57
3.5. Waste Management Safety59
3.6. Spent Fuel60
3.7. Operator Training61
3.8. Human Factors62
3.9. Regulation64
3.10. Utility and Vendors65
3.11. Periodic Safety Reviews66
3.12. Safety Improvements68
3.13. Seismic Evaluation70
3.14. Research Reactors71
3.15. Security71
References72
Chapter 4. Operational Efficiency77
4.1. Introduction/Objectives77
4.2. Impacts of Deregulation77
4.3. Plant Management78
4.4. Operational Flexibility80
4.5. Operating Margins80
4.6. Performance Optimisation81
4.7. Maintenance Practice82
4.8. Load Factors83
4.9. Recent Plant Improvements85
4.10. Component Management and Testing86
4.11. Reactor Surveillance and Diagnostics87
4.12. Outage Minimisation87
4.13. Advances in Design and Technology89
4.14. Nuclear Fuel Cycle89
References89
Chapter 5. Nuclear Fuel Cycle93
5.1. Introduction/Objectives93
5.2. Fuel Cycle Optimisation93
5.3. Fuel Resources and Supply94
5.4. Enrichment95
5.5. Fabrication96
5.6. Fuel Design96
5.7. Fuel Performance102
5.8. Fuel Research106
5.9. Reprocessing107
5.10. Spent Fuel Management107
5.11. Summary of Possible Future Trends107
References109
Chapter 6. Waste Management and Decommissioning113
6.1. Introduction/Objectives113
6.2. Waste Management113
6.3. Waste Management Policy119
6.4. General Factors in Decommissioning120
6.5. Decommissioning Strategy122
6.6. Technical Issues124
6.7. Decommissioning Policy125
6.8. Safety and Environment126
6.9. Radiological Issues126
6.10. Public Relations127
6.11. Economics127
References131
Chapter 7. Advanced Reactor Design135
7.1. Introduction/Objectives135
7.2. Incentives and Justification135
7.3. Design Objectives136
7.4. Utility Requirements137
7.5. Performance-Related Improvements139
7.6. Safety Through Design143
7.7. Design Status145
7.8. Development and Investment Requirements146
7.9. Evolutionary Designs146
7.10. Innovative Designs147
References147
Chapter 8. Licensing and Safety Requirements151
8.1. Introduction/Objectives151
8.2. International Safety Principles151
8.3. Safety Infrastructures152
8.4. National Regulatory Frameworks153
8.5. Design Basis158
8.6. Severe Accident Approaches159
8.7. Safety Standards161
8.8. Future Reactor Design Strategies163
8.9. Harmonisation of Regulation164
8.10. International Collaboration165
8.11. Evolution of Safety168
References169
Chapter 9. Global Developments173
9.1. Introduction/Objectives173
9.2. Western Europe173
9.3. North America178
9.4. Asia180
9.5. Central and Eastern Europe186
9.6. South Africa189
9.7. Latin America189
References190
Chapter 10. Evolutionary Water Reactors193
10.1. Introduction/Objectives193
10.2. Light Water Reactors193
10.3. Heavy Water Reactors205
References207
Chapter 11. Passive Systems and Inherent Safety211
11.1. Introduction/Objectives211
11.2. Active Heat Removal Systems212
11.3. Passive Features213
11.4. Reactor Coolant Systems214
11.5. Containment216
11.6. Revolutionary Design Concepts225
References227
Chapter 12. Future Generation Reactors231
12.1. Introduction/Objectives231
12.2. Supercritical Water Reactors232
12.3. High-Temperature Gas-Cooled Reactors236
12.4. Gas-Cooled Fast Reactor241
12.5. Sodium-Cooled Fast Reactors245
12.6. Lead and Lead–Bismuth Cooled Fast Reactors249
12.7. Molten Salt Reactors253
References255
Chapter 13. Accelerator Driven Systems259
13.1. Introduction/Objectives259
13.2. Physical Systems260
13.3. Fuel Cycles262
13.4. Neutronics and Transmutation263
13.5. Accelerators264
13.6. Radiation Effects265
13.7. Modelling266
13.8. International Projects267
13.9. Safety274
13.10. Future Activities278
References279
Chapter 14. Nuclear Heat and Other Applications285
14.1. Introduction/Objectives285
14.2. Nuclear Heat Applications286
14.3. District Heating287
14.4. Desalination290
14.5. Low-Temperature Process Heat Applications295
14.6. Low-Temperature Heat Applications and Liquid Metal Technology298
14.7. Medium- and High-Temperature Applications299
14.8. Oil Refining301
14.9. Coal Refining301
14.10. Hydrogen Production304
14.11. Other Topics305
References306
Chapter 15. Experimental Research Programmes311
15.1. Introduction/Objectives311
15.2. Plant Life Extension312
15.3. Fuel Behaviour318
15.4. Reactor Physics321
15.5. Thermal–Hydraulics321
15.6. Severe Accidents and Their Management323
15.7. Shielding And Criticality329
15.8. Radiological Protection Research329
15.9. Waste Management and Decommissioning330
15.10. Passive Heat Removal Systems330
15.11. Future Reactor Research333
15.12. High-Temperature Materials334
15.13. Advanced Fuel Design and Reactor Physics335
15.14. Advanced Coolants337
15.15. Plant Operational Research338
References339
Chapter 16. Analytical Methods Development345
16.1. Introduction/Objectives345
16.2. Plant Life Extension346
16.3. Fuel Behaviour347
16.4. Reactor Physics349
16.5. Thermal–Hydraulics351
16.6. Severe Accidents353
16.7. Criticality and Shielding355
16.8. Additional Evolutionary Water Reactor Modelling356
16.9. Modelling Requirements for Innovative Systems358
References359
Chapter 17. The Future of Nuclear Energy365
17.1. Introduction/Objectives365
17.2. Future Global Power Requirements365
17.3. Energy Strategies366
17.4. Nuclear Industry and The Recent Past368
17.5. Nuclear Industry and The Near Future369
17.6. Nuclear Energy Applications369
17.7. Advanced Nuclear Reactor Technologies376
17.8. Summary380
References381
Subject Index383

Book details

Vendor Elsevier S & T
SKU 9780080444895
ISBN-13 9780080532240

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During the last century, nuclear power has been established as a reliable source of energy in the major industrialised countries. It has recently enjoyed a revival in attention and research due to the environmental concerns surrounding current conventional energy sources. Issues of regulation and safety are at the forefront of all discussions involving nuclear power, and will govern its place in the future.

The Future of Nuclear Power takes a technical and comprehensive look at the current and future status of nuclear power throughout the world. The 17 chapters are divided into two main sections: a review of all current generation plants, and concepts for new advanced reactor design and safety.

The broad-ranging topics covered by this publication, coupled with the current revival of interest in nuclear energy, make it a timely reference for all nuclear scientists.

· Reviews the issues surrounding the future operation of existing commercial nuclear plants.
· Several chapters dedicated to the extensive research programs in place concerning safe and reliable operation.
· Compares nuclear and non-nuclear options for energy needs in the future; evaluating the benefits and risks of both.

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