The Human Bone Manual
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Table of contents
- Cover
- Contentsv
- Prefacexvii
- Chapter 1. Introduction1
- 1.1 Human Osteology1
- 1.2 A Guide to the Manual2
- 1.3 Resources for the Osteologist5
- 1.4 Identify Bones5
- Chapter 2. Field Procedures for Skeletal Remains7
- 2.1 Search8
- 2.2 Discovery8
- 2.3 Excavation and Retrieval9
- 2.4 Transport20
- Chapter 3. Ethics in Osteology21
- 3.1 Ethics in Forensic Osteology21
- 3.2 Ethics in Archeological Osteology24
- Chapter 4. Bone Biology & Variation31
- 4.1 Variation31
- 4.2 A Few Facts about Bone33
- 4.3 Bones as Elements of the Musculoskeletal System33
- 4.4 Gross Anatomy of Bones40
- 4.5 Molecular Structure of Bone42
- 4.6 Histology and Metabolism of Bone42
- 4.7 Bone Growth46
- 4.8 Bone Repair48
- Chapter 5. Postmortem Skeletal Modification49
- 5.1 Bone Fracture50
- 5.2 Bone Modification by Physical Agents52
- 5.3 Bone Modification by Nonhuman Biological Agents55
- 5.4 Bone Modification by Humans57
- Chapter 6. Anatomical Terminology67
- 6.1 Planes of Reference67
- 6.2 Directional Terms68
- 6.3 Motions of the Body69
- 6.4 General Bone Features72
- Chapter 7. Skull75
- 7.1 Handling the Skull75
- 7.2 Elements of the Skull77
- 7.3 Growth and Architecture, Sutures and Sinuses84
- 7.4 Skull Orientation86
- 7.5 Learning Cranial Skeletal Anatomy87
- 7.6 Frontal87
- 7.7 Parietals92
- 7.8 Temporals95
- 7.9 Auditory Ossicles100
- 7.10 Occipital100
- 7.11 Maxillae104
- 7.12 Palatines107
- 7.13 Vomer109
- 7.14 Inferior Nasal Conchae111
- 7.15 Ethmoid112
- 7.16 Lacrimals113
- 7.17 Nasals114
- 7.18 Zygomatics115
- 7.19 Sphenoid117
- 7.20 Mandible122
- Chapter 8. Dentition127
- 8.1 Dental Form and Function127
- 8.2 Dental Terminology128
- 8.3 Anatomy of a Tooth130
- 8.4 Tooth Identification133
- 8.5 To Which Category (Class) Does the Tooth Belong?134
- 8.6 Is the Tooth Permanent or Deciduous?136
- 8.7 Is the Tooth an Upper or a Lower?138
- 8.8 Where in the Arch Is the Tooth Located?142
- 8.9 Is the Tooth from the Right or the Left Side?148
- Chapter 9. Hyoid & Vertebrae155
- 9.1 Hyoid155
- 9.2 General Characteristics of Vertebrae156
- 9.3 Cervical Vertebrae163
- 9.4 Thoracic Vertebrae170
- 9.5 Lumbar Vertebrae176
- Chapter 10. Thorax: Sternum & Ribs181
- 10.1 Sternum181
- 10.2 Ribs185
- Chapter 11. Shoulder Girdle: Clavicle & Scapula193
- 11.1 Clavicle193
- 11.2 Scapula195
- Chapter 12. Arm: Humerus, Radius, & Ulna203
- 12.1 Humerus203
- 12.2 Radius214
- 12.3 Ulna219
- Chapter 13. Hand: Carpals, Metacarpals, & Phalanges225
- 13.1 Carpals228
- 13.2 Metacarpals233
- 13.3 Hand Phalanges239
- Chapter 14. Pelvic Girdle: Sacrum, Coccyx, & Os Coxae241
- 14.1 Sacrum241
- 14.2 Coccyx245
- 14.3 Os Coxae246
- Chapter 15. Leg: Femur, Patella, Tibia, & Fibula255
- 15.1 Femur255
- 15.2 Patella270
- 15.3 Tibia271
- 15.4 Fibula280
- Chapter 16. Foot: Tarsals, Metatarsals, & Phalanges287
- 16.1 Tarsals292
- 16.2 Metatarsals300
- 16.3 Foot Phalanges306
- Chapter 17. Osteological & Dental Pathology309
- 17.1 Trauma312
- 17.2 Infectious Diseases and Associated Manifestations317
- 17.3 Circulatory Disturbances and Hematopoietic Disorders320
- 17.4 Metabolic and Hormonal Imbalance323
- 17.5 Tumors325
- 17.6 Arthritis325
- 17.7 Dental Pathology328
- 17.8 Occupation331
- Chapter 18. Laboratory Procedures & Reporting333
- 18.1 Setting333
- 18.2 Preservation334
- 18.3 Preparation335
- 18.4 Restoration338
- 18.5 Sorting339
- 18.6 Metric Acquisition and Analysis340
- 18.7 Molecular Osteology344
- 18.8 Molding and Casting348
- 18.9 Photography348
- 18.10 Radiography353
- 18.11 Microscopy353
- 18.12 Computing354
- 18.13 Reporting355
- 18.14 Curation358
- Chapter 19. The Skeletal Biology of Individuals & Populations359
- 19.1 Accuracy and Precision of Estimation360
- 19.2 From Known to Unknown362
- 19.3 Estimation of Age363
- 19.4 Determination of Sex385
- 19.5 Estimation of Stature398
- 19.6 Estimation of Ancestry400
- 19.7 Identifying the Individual404
- 19.8 Discrete Traits406
- 19.9 Estimating Biological Distance410
- 19.10 Diet411
- 19.11 Disease and Demography414
- Glossary419
- Appendix: Electronic Resources for Human Osteology427
- Bibliography429
- Index453
Building on the success of their previous book, White and Folkens' The Human Bone Manual is intended for use outisde the laboratory and classroom, by professional forensic scientists, anthropologists and researchers. The compact volume includes all the key information needed for identification purposes, including hundreds of photographs designed to show a maximum amount of anatomical information.
* Features more than 500 color photographs and illustrations in a portable format; most in 1:1 ratio
* Provides multiple views of every bone in the human body
* Includes tips on identifying any human bone or tooth
* Incorporates up-to-date references for further study
* Features more than 500 color photographs and illustrations in a portable format; most in 1:1 ratio
* Provides multiple views of every bone in the human body
* Includes tips on identifying any human bone or tooth
* Incorporates up-to-date references for further study