Elsevier S & T

The Kidney: From Normal Development to Congenital Disease

Vize, Peter D.; Woolf, Adrian S.; Bard, Jonathan B.L.

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Table of contents

Front CoverCover
Contentsv
Contributorsix
Forewordxi
Prefacexiii
Section I: Embryonic Kidneys and Models1
Chapter 1. Introduction: Embryonic Kidneys and Other Nephrogenic Models1
Chapter 2. Development of Malpighian Tubules in Drosophila Melanogaster7
I. Introduction7
II. Tubule Development and the Genes That Regulate It9
III. Generating Cells: Regulation of Cell Proliferation in the Tubule Primordia11
IV. Morphogenetic Movements13
V. Onset of Physiological Activity14
Chapter 3. Induction, Development, and Physiology of the Pronephric Tubules19
I. Introduction19
II. Tubule Fate and Origins19
III. Pronephric Induction23
IV. Pronephric Tubule Anatomy29
V. Morphogenesis38
VI. Pronephric Function and Physiology42
VII. Degeneration or Function Diversion of the Pronephros46
VIII. Pronephric Tubules as a Model for Tubulogenesis?47
Chapter 4. Formation of the Nephric Duct51
I. Introduction51
II. Nephric Duct Morphogenesis52
III. Conclusions58
References59
Chapter 5. The Pronephric Glomus and Vasculature61
I. Introduction61
II. Development of the Pronephric Glomus: Stages of Glomerular Development in Frogs and Fish66
III. Gene Expression and Function in Pronephric Glomerular Development69
IV. Summary: Future Prospects71
Chapter 6. Development of the Mesonephric Kidney75
I. Introduction75
II. Mesonephric Development: An Anatomical Overview75
III. Molecular Basis of Mesonephric Development79
IV. Mesonephric Contribution to Gonadal Differentiation81
V. Mesonephric Contribution to Other Organ Systems83
VI. Summary84
References84
Chapter 7. Three-Dimensional Anatomy of Mammalian Mesonephroi87
I. Introduction87
II. Material87
III. Three-Dimensional Reconstruction88
IV. Human Mesonephric Development88
V. Murine Mesonephric Development89
VI. Conclusions90
References92
Chapter 8. Molecular Control of Pronephric Development: An Overview93
I. Introduction93
II. Transcription Factors Implicated in Development of the Pronephros94
III. Growth Factors in Pronephric Kidney Development103
IV. Conclusions and Further Perspectives109
Reference113
Chapter 9. Embryological, Genetic, and Molecular Tools for Investigating Embryonic Kidney Developmen119
I. Introduction119
II. Molecular Embryology119
III. Cellular Embryology123
IV. Transgenic Methods127
V. Classical Genetic Methods: Mutant Screens129
References133
Section II: The Adult Kidney139
Chapter 10. The Metanephros139
I. Introduction139
II. Development of the Metanephros139
III. Growth143
IV. Investigating Regulatory Networks145
V. Unsolved Problems of Kidney of Development145
References147
Chapter 11. Anatomy and Histology of the Human Urinary System149
I. Gross Anatomy of the Urinary System149
II. Microanatomy of the Urinary System155
References164
Chapter 12. Development of the Ureteric Bud165
I. Introduction165
II. Induction of Ureteric Bud Formation167
III. Anatomy of Ureteric Bud Arborization168
IV. Mechanisms of Ureteric Bud Arborization169
V. Integration of Influences173
VI. Engines of Morphological Change174
VII. Differentiation within the Maturing Collecting Duct175
VIII. Some Outstanding Problems175
References176
Chapter 13. Fates of the Metanephric Mesenchyme181
I. Summary181
II. Introduction181
III. Early Stages of Kidney Formation182
IV. Cell Types Derived from Metanephric Mesenchyme183
V. Experimental Analysis of Metanephric Mesenchyme Differentation187
VI. How Many Cell Types Are Present in the Metanephric Blastema?189
References191
Chapter 14. Formation and Development of Nephrons195
I. Introduction195
II. Morphogenesis196
III. Induction196
IV. Intrinsic Factors That Control the Induction Response201
V. Factors That Drive Mesenchyme-to-Epithelial Conversion203
VI. Summary207
References208
Chapter 15. Establishment of Polarity in Epithelial Cells of the Developing Nephron211
I. Summary211
II. Introduction211
III. Acquisition of Epithelial Polarity212
IV. Structural Organization212
V. Physiological and Biochemical Organization214
VI. Establishment and Maintenance of Epithelial Cell Polarity215
VII. Protein Trafficking in Embryonic Kidney218
VIII. A Final Comment219
References219
Chapter 16. Development of the Glomerular Capillary and Its Basement Membrane221
I. Introduction221
II. Glomerular Structure221
III. Glomerular Filtration Barrier223
IV. Glomerular Basement Membrane Proteins224
V. Unique Features of Podocytes228
VI. Glomerulogenesis230
VII. Glomerular Defects241
VIII. Closing Remarks243
References243
Chapter 17. Development of Kidney Blood Vessels251
I. Introduction251
II. Blood Vessel Formation in the Embryo252
III. Anatomy of Kidney Blood Vessels252
IV. Experiments that Address the Origins of Metanephric Blood Vessels256
V. Growth Factor and Embryonic Kidney Vessel Development259
VI. Other Molecules Involved in Vascular Growth262
VII. Conclusions and Perspectives263
References263
Chapter 18. Development of Function in the Metanephric Kidney267
I. Introduction267
II. Methods to Study Developmental Renal Physiology268
III. Development and Regulation of Renal Blood Flow269
IV. Development and Regulation of Glomerular Filtration276
V. Ontogeny of Tubular Function278
VI. Summary305
References306
Chapter 19. Experimental Methods for Studying Urogenital Development327
I. Introduction327
II. Tissue Dissection and Separation327
III. Culturing Metanephric Kidney Rudiments330
IV. Tissue Analysis334
V. In Situ Hybridization of mRNA335
References342
Chapter 20. Overview: The Molecular Basis of Kidney Development343
I. Introduction343
II. Specification of Nephrogenic Mesenchyme343
III. Cell Survival347
IV. Mesenchymal Condensation353
V. Proliferation354
VI. Branching of the Ureteric Bud356
VII. Mesenchyme-to-Epithelial Transition361
VIII. Proximal/Distal Patterning365
IX. Glomerulogenesis365
X. Vascularization368
XI. Cell Polarity368
XII. Future of the Field369
References370
Section III: Congenital Disease377
Chapter 21. Maldevelopment of the Human Kidney and Lower Urinary Tract: An Overview377
I. Normal Development of Human Kidney and Lower Urinary Tract377
II. Varied Phenotypes of Human Kidney and Lower Urinary Tract Maldevelopment381
III. Causes of Maldevelopment of Human Kidney and Lower Urinary Tract383
References388
Chapter 22. WT1-Associated Disorders395
I. Introduction395
II. The WT1 Gene396
III. WT1 and Development397
IV. WT1 and Wilms’ Tumor398
V. WT1 and Other Malignancies400
VI. WT1and Denys–Drash Syndrome400
VII. WT1 and Isolated Diffuse Mesangial Sclerosis402
VIII. WT1 and Frasier Syndrome403
IX. WT1 Intronic Mutation (Frasier Mutation) in 46,XX Females and in Primary Steroid–Resistant Nep404
X. Conclusions405
References406
Chapter 23. PAX2 and Renal-Coloboma Syndrome411
I. Introduction411
II. Pathologic Analysis of Renal-Coloboma Syndrome and Oligomeganephronia412
III. Molecular Analysis of the PAX2 Gene and Its Involvement in Renal-Coloboma Syndrome416
IV. Animal Models to Investigate PAX2 Function424
V. What Is the Function of PAX2 in Kidney Development?427
VI. Summary428
References429
Chapter 24. Cystic Renal Diseases433
I. Human Clinical Disease Impact433
II. Molecular Genetics of Human Renal Cystic Diseases436
III. Animal Models and the Pathogenesis of Polycystic Kidney Diseases441
IV. General Mechanisms Underlying Cystogenesis and the Function of Proteins Causing Polycystic Kidne444
V. Summary445
References445
Chapter 25. Renal Cell Carcinoma: The Human Disease451
I. Phenotypic Diversity of Renal Cell Carcinoma (RCC)452
II. Molecular Genetics of RCC452
III. The von Hippel–Lindau Tumor Suppressor Gene453
IV. TSC-2 Tumor Suppressor Gene454
V. c-met455
VI. Other Genes Involved in RCC455
VII. Animal Models for RCC456
References457
Chapter 26. The Tubule461
I. Introduction461
II. Proximal Tubulopathies462
III. Defects of the Thick Ascending Limb and Distal Tubule466
IV. Disorders of the Amiloride-Sensitive Epithelial Sodium Channel469
V. Disorders of the Collecting Dust469
VI. Conclusions470
References470
Chapter 27. Diseases of the Glomerular Filtration Barrier: Alport Syndrome and Congenital Nephrosis475
I. Alport Syndrome476
II. Congenital Nephrosis NPHS1480
III. Conclusions482
References483
Chapter 28. Congenital Kidney Diseases: Prospects for New Therapies487
I. Introduction487
II. Gene Transfer Technologies487
III. Renal Precursor Cell Technology489
IV. Experimental Treatments for Polycystic Kidney Diseases490
References490
Index493

Book details

Vendor Elsevier S & T
SKU 9780127224411
ISBN-13 9780080521541
Author Vize, Peter D.; Woolf, Adrian S.; Bard, Jonathan B.L.
Category Medical
Subject Nephrology

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Organogenesis of the kidney has been intensely studied for over a century. In recent years advances in molecular techniques have not only made great inroads into exploring the genetic regulation of this complex process but also began to unravel the molecular basis of many forms of congenital kidney disease. This book is a comprehensive study on these findings and the only book available with such in depth coverage of the kidney.

Key Features
* Hundreds of color figures depicting key events in all aspects of kidney development
* Full coverage of the genetic and cellular basis of kidney development
* Analysis of the genetic basis of the major congenital kidney diseases

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