Elsevier S & T

The Kidney in Systemic Autoimmune Diseases

Mason, Justin C; Pusey, Charles

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Table of contents
  • Cover
  • Contentsxv
  • Prefacev
  • Series Editorvii
  • Volume Editorsix
  • List of Contributorsxi
  • Part I: Introduction1
  • Introduction3
  • Part II: Pathogenic Mechanisms21
  • Chapter 1. Pathogenesis of Renal Diseases: Autoimmunity23
  • 1. Introduction23
  • 2. Mechanisms of tolerance24
  • 3. Mechanisms of tolerance maintenance29
  • 4. Emergence of autoimmune renal disease: breakdown of tolerance checkpoints35
  • 5. Conclusions38
  • Key points40
  • Further Reading40
  • Chapter 2. Pathogenesis of Renal Disease: Complement43
  • 1. Introduction43
  • 2. Complement activation44
  • 3. Complement regulation45
  • 4. Human studies of complement and autoimmune renal disease46
  • 5. Animal studies of the role of complement in renal disease models47
  • 6. Studies in mice with targeted deletion of complement proteins51
  • 7. The future of complement and human systemic autoimmune diseases54
  • Key points55
  • Acknowledgments56
  • References56
  • Chapter 3. Pathogenesis of Renal Disease: Cytokines and Other Soluble Factors63
  • 1. Introduction63
  • 2. Cytokine regulation and differentiation of adaptive immunity64
  • 3. Cytokine regulation of renal inflammation in specific autoimmune diseases and their animal models66
  • 4. ANCA-associated autoimmune vasculitis68
  • 5. Lupus nephritis69
  • 6. Targeting cytokines in human autoimmune GN70
  • 7. Chemokines in autoimmune renal disease71
  • 8. Soluble microbial products72
  • Key points73
  • Acknowledgments74
  • References74
  • Chapter 4. Pathogenesis of Renal Disease: Cellular Mechanisms81
  • 1. Introduction81
  • 2. Overview of immune inflammation81
  • 3. Activation82
  • 4. Regulation of immune cell activation83
  • 5. Immune cells and clinical renal disease84
  • 6. Immune cells in experimental models of nephritis85
  • 7. Immune cell function in nephritis86
  • 8. Characterization of immune cells within inflamed glomeruli87
  • 9. Immune modulation of renal inflammatory disease88
  • 10. Summary89
  • Key points89
  • References89
  • Chapter 5. Pathogenesis of Renal Diseases: Renal Cell Response to Injury93
  • 1. Introduction93
  • 2. Formation of reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide are key determinants of renal tissue damage93
  • 3. Immune-mediated renal injury and the TLR system of innate immunity94
  • 4. Renal cell response to metabolic injury100
  • Key points104
  • References104
  • Chapter 6. Renal Toxicities Associated with Immunomodulatory Drugs107
  • 1. Introduction107
  • 2. Drug effects and renal pathology108
  • 3. Individual drugs109
  • 4. Conclusions116
  • Key points117
  • Acknowledgments117
  • References117
  • Part III: The Vasculitides121
  • Chapter 7. ANCA-Associated Systemic Vasculitides: Mechanisms123
  • 1. Introduction123
  • 2. ANCA and the idiopathic small-vessel vasculitides: clinical correlates124
  • 3. ANCA and the small-vessel vasculitides: in vitro evidence for pathogenicity127
  • 4. Pathogenicity of ANCA: in vivo experimental evidence130
  • 5. Pathogenesis of ANCA-associated small-vessel vasculitis: contribution of cell-mediated immunity134
  • 6. Conclusions134
  • Key points135
  • References135
  • Chapter 8. ANCA-Associated Vasculitis: Clinical Features and Treatment139
  • 1. Introduction139
  • 2. Clinical features142
  • 3. Treatment147
  • 4. Summary153
  • Key points153
  • References153
  • Chapter 9. Large and Medium Vessel Vasculitis: Mechanisms159
  • 1. Introduction159
  • 2. Takayasu’s arteritis: pathogenesis159
  • 3. Giant cell arteritis: pathogenesis160
  • Key points171
  • References171
  • Chapter 10. Large and Medium Vessel Vasculitis: Clinical Features and Treatment175
  • 1. Introduction175
  • 2. Takayasu’s arteritis176
  • 3. Giant cell arteritis180
  • 4. Cogan’s syndrome181
  • 5. Sarcoid vasculitis182
  • 6. Behçet’s disease183
  • 7. Polyarteritis nodosa184
  • 8. Kawasaki’s disease186
  • 9. Conclusions187
  • Key points188
  • References188
  • Chapter 11. Anti-GBM Disease: Mechanisms, Clinical Features, and Treatment195
  • 1. Introduction195
  • 2. Epidemiology195
  • 3. Clinical features196
  • 4. Diagnosis198
  • 5. Mechanisms200
  • 6. Mechanisms of injury204
  • 7. Genetic influences205
  • 8. Treatment206
  • 9. Future treatments208
  • 10. Transplantation in Goodpasture’s disease and Alport’s syndrome209
  • Key points210
  • References210
  • Chapter 12. Renal Disease in Cryoglobulinemic Vasculitis215
  • 1. Introduction215
  • 2. Detection and identification of circulating cryoglobulins217
  • 3. Renal disease in mixed (type II) cryoglobulinemia217
  • 4. Renal disease in type I cryoglobulinemia228
  • Key points235
  • Acknowledgments236
  • References236
  • Chapter 13. Henoch-Schönlein Purpura241
  • 1. Introduction and definition241
  • 2. Epidemiology, pathophysiology, and genetic influence241
  • 3. Clinical features242
  • 4. Laboratory findings245
  • 5. Histology246
  • 6. Diagnosis248
  • 7. Treatment249
  • 8. Clinical course, and outcome251
  • 9. Conclusions252
  • Key points252
  • References252
  • Chapter 14. Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome/Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura257
  • 1. Stx-associated HUS257
  • 2. Atypical HUS (aHUS, alias non-Stx-HUS)262
  • 3. Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura267
  • Key points275
  • Acknowledgments275
  • References275
  • Part IV: The Connective Tissue Diseases283
  • Chapter 15. Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: Mechanisms285
  • 1. Introduction285
  • 2. Genetic, environmental, and hormonal factors in SLE285
  • 3. Mechanisms of disease288
  • 4. Conclusion301
  • Key points302
  • References302
  • Chapter 16. Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: Renal Involvement311
  • 1. Introduction311
  • 2. Renal pathologic changes311
  • 3. The renal biopsy in SLE: practical considerations320
  • Key points321
  • References321
  • Chapter 17. Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: Treatment323
  • 1. Introduction323
  • 2. Induction therapy with cyclophosphamide324
  • 3. Induction therapy with mycophenolate mofetil325
  • 4. Maintenance therapy326
  • 5. Newer therapies327
  • 6. Membranous lupus nephritis (MLN)329
  • 7. Adjunctive therapy330
  • 8. Conclusion330
  • Key points330
  • Acknowledgment330
  • References330
  • Chapter 18. The Antiphospholipid Syndrome333
  • 1. Introduction333
  • 2. Laboratory diagnosis333
  • 3. Risk factors for thrombosis in APS: two hit hypothesis335
  • 4. Conditions associated with APS336
  • 5. Organ manifestations of APS336
  • 6. Renal manifestations337
  • 7. Hypertension337
  • 8. Renal artery lesions338
  • 9. Cortical ischaemia/infarction339
  • 10. Thrombotic microangiopathy339
  • 11. Renal vein and inferior vena cava thrombosis340
  • 12. End-stage renal failure and renal transplantation340
  • 13. Treatment341
  • 14. Summary343
  • Key points344
  • References344
  • Chapter 19. Renal Involvement in Sjögren Syndrome349
  • 1. Introduction349
  • 2. Interstitial nephritis351
  • 3. Glomerulonephritis354
  • 4. Predictors of renal involvement and associations with other characteristics of pSS356
  • 5. Treatment357
  • 6. Conclusions358
  • Key points358
  • Acknowledgments359
  • References359
  • Chapter 20. The Kidney in Systemic Sclerosis363
  • 1. Pathogenesis of renal involvement363
  • 2. Renal pathology366
  • 3. Renal crisis demographics367
  • 4. Laboratory findings371
  • 5. Management372
  • 6. Non-renal crisis kidney problems376
  • Key points378
  • References378
  • Chapter 21. Amyloidosis383
  • 1. Introduction383
  • 2. Pathogenesis of amyloidosis383
  • 3. Clinical amyloidosis384
  • 4. Diagnosis of amyloidosis389
  • 5. Management of amyloidosis392
  • Key points394
  • Acknowledgments395
  • References395
  • Chapter 22. Inflammatory Arthritis, Behçet’s Syndrome, and Sarcoidosis397
  • 1. Introduction397
  • 2. Inflammatory arthritis397
  • 3. Sarcoidosis400
  • 4. Behçet’s disease403
  • Key points404
  • References405
  • Index407
Book details
  • Vendor Elsevier S & T
  • SKU 9780444529725
  • ISBN-13 9780080557045
  • Author Mason, Justin C; Pusey, Charles
  • Category Medical
  • Subject Immunology

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This volume brings together an international group of clinicians and clinical scientists to contribute to a state-of the-art review of the underlying pathogenic mechanisms, methods of clinical assessment, classification and diagnosis of renal disease, combined with a detailed overview of treatment strategies. An essential reference source for all those involved with the care of patients with renal involvement in systemic autoimmune disease, and for those contributing to research into the underlying pathogenic mechanisms in these disorders.