The New Public Health: An Introduction for the 21st Century
Tulchinsky, Theodore H.; Varavikova, Elena A.
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Table of contents
- Cover
- Contentsv
- Acknowledgmentsxvii
- Forewordxix
- Introduction1
- Chapter 1. A History of Public Health5
- Introduction5
- Prehistoric Societies6
- The Ancient World7
- The Early Medieval Period (Fifth to Tenth Centuries AD)9
- The Late Medieval Period (Eleventh to Fifteenth Centuries)10
- The Renaissance (1500–1750)14
- Enlightenment, Science, and Revolution (1750–1830)16
- Foundations of Health Statistics and Epidemiology20
- Social Reform and the Sanitary Movement (1830–1875)22
- Hospital Reform29
- The Bacteriologic Revolution30
- Microbiology and Immunology34
- Maternal and Child Health36
- Nutrition in Public Health38
- Military Medicine40
- Internationalization of Health41
- The Epidemiologic Transition42
- The Evolution of Public Health in the Twentieth Century43
- Creating and Managing Health Systems45
- Summary46
- Historical Markers48
- Recommended Readings53
- Bibliography53
- Chapter 2. Expanding the Concept of Public Health55
- Introduction55
- Evolution of Public Health56
- Health and Disease57
- The Natural History of Disease60
- Society and Health62
- Modes of Prevention64
- Demographic and Epidemiologic Transition67
- Interdependence of Health Services68
- Defining Public Health70
- World Health Organization’s Definition of Health73
- Selective Primary Care76
- The Risk Approach77
- The Case-for-Action78
- Political Economy and Health81
- Health and Development83
- Health Systems: The Case for Reform84
- Advocacy and Consumerism85
- The Health Field Concept90
- The Value of Medical Care in Public Health91
- Health Targets92
- Individual and Community Participation in Health98
- Social Ecology and Health Promotion103
- Defining Public Health Standards104
- Integrative Approaches to Public Health105
- The New Public Health106
- Summary108
- Recommended Readings110
- Bibliography111
- Chapter 3. Measuring and Evaluating the Health of a Population113
- Introduction113
- Epidemiology114
- Social Epidemiology116
- Epidemiology in Building Health Policy117
- Rates and Ratios119
- Demography120
- Life Expectancy129
- Sentinel Events130
- The Burden of Disease131
- Measurements132
- Normal Distribution134
- Standardization of Rates135
- Sampling138
- Potential Errors in Measurement138
- Screening for Disease140
- Epidemiologic Studies142
- Establishing Causal Relationships146
- Notifiable Diseases147
- Special Registries and Reporting Systems147
- Disease Classification149
- Hospital Discharge Information149
- Health Information Systems (Informatics)153
- Surveillance, Reporting, and Publication155
- Assessing the Health of the Individual156
- Assessment of Population Health157
- Health Care Financing and Organization163
- Summary„From Information to Knowledge to Policy167
- Electronic Sources167
- Recommended Readings168
- Bibliography169
- Chapter 4. Communicable Diseases171
- Introduction171
- Public Health and the Control of Communicable Disease171
- The Nature of Communicable Disease173
- Host–Agent–Environment Triad174
- Classifications of Communicable Diseases175
- Modes of Transmission of Disease176
- Immunity177
- Surveillance179
- Endemic and Epidemic Disease181
- Control of Communicable Diseases185
- Vaccine-Preventable Diseases186
- Essentials of an Immunization Program202
- Control/Eradication of Infectious Diseases205
- Tuberculosis211
- Streptococcal Diseases214
- Zoonoses215
- Vector-Borne Diseases217
- Parasitic Diseases224
- Legionnaire’s Disease230
- Leprosy230
- Trachoma231
- Sexually Transmitted Diseases231
- Diarrheal Diseases237
- Acute Respiratory Infections243
- Communicable Disease Control in the New Public Health245
- Summary246
- Electronic Media247
- Recommended Readings247
- Bibliography248
- Vaccine-Preventable Disease248
- Other Communicable Diseases249
- Chapter 5. Noncommunicable Conditions251
- Introduction251
- The Rise of Chronic Disease251
- The Burden of Chronic Conditions254
- Risk Factors and Causation of Chronic Conditions254
- Chronic Manifestations of Infectious Diseases258
- Cardiovascular Diseases260
- Chronic Lung Disease268
- Diabetes Mellitus270
- End Stage Renal Disease273
- Cancer275
- Chronic Liver Disease280
- Arthritis and Musculoskeletal Disorders281
- Neurological Disorders283
- Visual Disorders284
- Hearing Disorders285
- Trauma, Violence, and Injury286
- Chronic Disease and the New Public Health293
- Summary293
- Electronic Media294
- Recommended Reading294
- Bibliography295
- Chapter 6. Family Health297
- Introduction297
- The Family Unit298
- Maternal Health299
- Labor and Delivery309
- Genetic and Birth Disorders315
- Infant and Child Health323
- Infancy Care and Feeding326
- Anticipatory Counseling328
- Documentation, Records, and Monitoring328
- The Preschooler (Ages 1–5 Years)330
- School and Adolescent Health332
- Adult Health338
- Women’s Health339
- Men’s Health342
- Health of the Elderly343
- Summary351
- Electronic Media352
- Recommended Readings352
- Bibliography352
- Chapter 7. Special Community Health Needs355
- Introduction355
- Mental Health355
- Mental Handicap372
- Oral Health374
- Physical Disability and Rehabilitation377
- Special Group Health Needs381
- Gay and Lesbian Health381
- Native Peoples’ Health383
- Prisoners’ Health385
- Homeless Population Health388
- Refugee Health390
- Military Medicine391
- Health Protection in Disasters392
- Internet Websites396
- Summary397
- Electronic Media397
- Recommended Readings398
- Bibliography399
- Chapter 8. Nutrition and Food Safety401
- Introduction401
- Development of Nutrition in Public Health402
- Nutrition in a Global Context403
- Nutrition and Infection405
- Functions of Food405
- Human Nutritional Requirements406
- Growth411
- Measuring Body Mass412
- Recommended Dietary Allowances413
- Disorders of Undernutrition416
- Vitamin and Mineral Deficiency Conditions419
- Eating Disorders426
- Diseases of Overnutrition426
- Nutrition in Pregnancy and Lactation430
- Promoting Healthy Diets and Lifestyles431
- Dietary Guidelines432
- Vitamin and Mineral Enrichment of Basic Foods433
- Food and Nutrition Policy434
- Nutrition Monitoring and Evaluation438
- Food Quality and Safety441
- Nutrition and the New Public Health446
- Summary447
- Electronic Media447
- Recommended Readings448
- Bibliography448
- Nutrition and Food Technology Journals449
- Chapter 9. Environmental and Occupational Health451
- Environmental Health: Introduction451
- Environmental Issues452
- Geographic and Environmental Epidemiology453
- Environmental Targets453
- Global Environmental Change454
- Community Water Supplies456
- Sewage Collection and Treatment460
- Solid Waste462
- Toxins464
- Agricultural and Environmental Hazards467
- Air Pollution468
- Indoor Pollution473
- Hazardous or Toxic Wastes475
- Radiation477
- Environmental Impact479
- Environmental Health Organization484
- Occupational Health: Introduction485
- Development of Occupational Health485
- The Health of Workers487
- The Burden of Occupational Morbidity and Mortality488
- International Issues in Occupational Health489
- National and Management Responsibilities490
- Occupational Health Targets492
- Toxicity at the Workplace and in the Environment492
- Workplace Violence499
- Occupational Health in Clinical Practice500
- Inspecting the Place of Work500
- Risk Assessment500
- Preventing Disasters in the Workplace501
- Occupation and the New Public Health502
- Summary503
- Electronic Media504
- Recommended Readings504
- Bibliography„Water Quality and Waterborne Disease504
- Bibliography„Occupational and Environmental Health505
- Chapter 10. Organization of Public Health Systems507
- Introduction507
- Government and Health of the Nation508
- Functions of Public Health511
- Nongovernment Roles in Health516
- Medical Practice and Public Health517
- Incentives and Regulation518
- National Government Public Health Services523
- State Government Public Health Services526
- Local Health Authorities530
- Monitoring Health Status533
- National Health Targets534
- Public Health Organization and the New Public Health535
- Hospitals in the New Public Health537
- The Uninsured as a Public Health Problem544
- Summary545
- Electronic Media546
- Recommended Readings546
- Bibliography547
- Chapter 11. Measuring Costs: The Economics of Health549
- Introduction549
- Economic Issues of Health Systems549
- Basic Concepts in Health Economics551
- Need, Demand, and Utilization of Health Services552
- Competition in Health Care556
- Elasticities of Demand558
- Measuring Costs560
- Economic Measures of Health Status561
- Cost–Effectiveness Analysis562
- Cost–Benefit Analysis564
- Basic Assessment Scheme for Intervention Costs and Consequences565
- The Value of Human Life566
- Health Financing„The Macroeconomics Level568
- Costs of Illness572
- Medical and Hospital Care„Microeconomics575
- District Health Systems579
- Paying for Hospital Care580
- Capital Costs582
- Hospital Supply, Utilization, and Costs582
- Modified Market Forces585
- Economics and the New Public Health585
- Summary586
- Electronic Media587
- Recommended Readings587
- Bibliography588
- Chapter 12. Planning and Managing Health Systems591
- Introduction591
- Health Policy and Planning as Context592
- The Elements of Organizations594
- Scientific Management594
- Bureaucratic Pyramidal Organizations595
- Organizations as Energy Systems596
- Target-Oriented Management599
- Human Relations Management600
- Network Organization605
- Total Quality Management606
- Changing Human Behavior608
- Empowerment609
- Strategic Management of Health Systems610
- Health System Organization Models612
- Skills for Management616
- The Chief Executive Officer of Health Organizations616
- Community Participation617
- Integration„Lateral and Vertical618
- Norms and Performance Indicators618
- New Organizational Models619
- Management and the New Public Health619
- Summary620
- Recommended Readings621
- Bibliography621
- Chapter 13. National Health Systems623
- Introduction623
- Health Systems in Developed Countries624
- The United States627
- Canada639
- The United Kingdom643
- The Nordic Countries648
- Western Europe652
- Japan655
- Russia657
- Israel664
- Health Systems in Developing Countries669
- Sub-Saharan Africa670
- Latin America and the Caribbean672
- Asia675
- Comparing National Health Systems679
- Reforming National Health Systems684
- Health Systems and the New Public Health687
- Electronic Media689
- Recommended Readings689
- Bibliography689
- Chapter 14. Human Resources for Health Care695
- Introduction695
- Overview of Human Resources696
- Human Resources Planning698
- Basic Medical Education702
- Postgraduate Medical Training706
- Specialization and Family Practice708
- Training in Preventive Medicine709
- Nursing Education710
- In-Service and Continuing Education712
- Accreditation of Medical Educational or Training Facilities713
- The Range of Health Disciplines714
- Licensure and Supervision714
- Constraints on the Health Care Provider716
- New Health Professions718
- Alternative Medicine723
- Changing the Balance724
- Education for Public Health and Health Management725
- Health Policy and Management of Human Resources730
- Summary731
- Electronic Media732
- Recommended Readings732
- Bibliography733
- Chapter 15. Technology, Quality, Law, and Ethics735
- Introduction735
- Innovation, Regulation, and Quality Control736
- Appropriate Health Technology738
- Health Technology Assessment741
- Dissemination of Technology747
- Quality Assurance749
- Organization of Care758
- Performance Indicators759
- Consumerism and Quality760
- The Public Interest761
- Total Quality Management761
- Public Health Law764
- Ethical Issues in Public Health766
- Summary„Technology, Quality, Law, and Ethics in the New Public Health773
- Electronic Media774
- Recommended Readings775
- Bibliography775
- Relevant Journals777
- Relevant Organizations777
- Chapter 16. Globalization of Health779
- Why the Globalization of HealthŽ?779
- The Global Health Situation780
- Priorities in Global Health782
- Development and Health792
- Organization for International Health793
- The World Health Organization794
- Nongovernmental Organizations798
- The World Bank799
- Trends in Global Health800
- Emerging Infectious Disease Threats801
- New and Renewed Targets and Goals804
- Expanding National Health Capacity806
- Global Health and the New Public Health807
- Summary809
- Electronic Media811
- Recommended Readings811
- Bibliography812
- Publications and Journals812
- Glossary813
- Subject Index843
Book details
- Vendor Elsevier S & T
- SKU 9780127033501
- ISBN-13 9780080525334
- Author Tulchinsky, Theodore H.; Varavikova, Elena A.
- Category Medical
- Subject Public Health
Do you have questions about this book?
Countries around the world are engaged in health reform, which places great demands on health care providers and systems managers. From the managed care revolution in the United States to the rebuilding of health systems in postcommunist Russia, these reforms impact millions of health care workers, government officials, patients, and the public alike.
The New Public Health will help students and practitioners understand factors affecting the reform process of health care organization and delivery. It links the classic public health issues such as environmental sanitation, health education, and epidemiology with the new issues of universal health care, economics, and management of health systems for the new century.
Key Features:
* Provides a comprehensive overview of public health from a global perspective
* Assesses health systems models of the United States, Russia, the United Kingdom, Germany, Canada, Scandinavian countries, and developing countries including China, Nigeria, and Colombia
* Analyzes critical issues of health economics, including forces associated with escalating costs and the strategies to control those costs
* Discusses strategies for dealing with the many ramifications of managed care
* Links medicine with the social sciences, technology, and health management issues as they evolve
The New Public Health will help students and practitioners understand factors affecting the reform process of health care organization and delivery. It links the classic public health issues such as environmental sanitation, health education, and epidemiology with the new issues of universal health care, economics, and management of health systems for the new century.
Key Features:
* Provides a comprehensive overview of public health from a global perspective
* Assesses health systems models of the United States, Russia, the United Kingdom, Germany, Canada, Scandinavian countries, and developing countries including China, Nigeria, and Colombia
* Analyzes critical issues of health economics, including forces associated with escalating costs and the strategies to control those costs
* Discusses strategies for dealing with the many ramifications of managed care
* Links medicine with the social sciences, technology, and health management issues as they evolve
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