Elsevier S & T

Tissue Engineering

De Boer, Jan; Blitterswijk, Clemens Van; Thomsen, Peter; Hubbell, Jeffrey; Cancedda, Ranieri; de Bru

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Table of contents

Contentsv
List of contributorsvii
Forewordxi
Tissue engineering – an introductionxiii
Chapter 1 Stem cells1
Chapter objectives1
1.1 What defines a stem cell?2
1.2 Embryonic stem cells9
1.3 Adult stem cells17
1.4 Future perspective23
1.5 Snapshot summary24
References24
Chapter 2 Morphogenesis, generation of tissue in the embryo27
Chapter objectives27
2.1 Introduction28
2.2 Cardiac development34
2.3 Blood vessel development38
2.4 Development of the peripheral nerve tissue42
2.5 Embryonic skin development47
2.6 Skeletal formation55
2.7 Future developments64
2.8 Summary65
References66
Chapter 3 Tissue homeostasis73
Chapter objectives73
3.1 Introduction74
3.2 Tissues with no potential of regeneration76
3.3 Tissues with slow regeneration time76
3.4 Tissues with a high capacity of regeneration77
3.5 Tissues where regeneration was not considered – the paradigm shift in tissue regeneration79
3.6 Consequence of regeneration potential for the tissue engineering concept81
3.7 Cell migration of TA cells85
3.8 Future developments86
3.9 Summary86
References86
Chapter 4 Cellular signaling89
Chapter objectives89
4.1 General introduction90
4.2 Cellular signaling in skin biology94
4.3 Cellular signaling in vascular biology99
4.4 Cellular signaling in bone biology104
4.5 Cellular signaling in cartilage biology108
4.6 Future developments: Understanding and implementing principles of cellular signaling in tissue e115
4.7 Summary118
References118
Chapter 5 The extracellular matrix as a biologic scaffold for tissue engineering121
Chapter objectives121
5.1 Introduction122
5.2 Extracellular matrix123
5.3 Preparation of ECM131
5.4 Biologic activities of ECM scaffolds133
5.5 Commercially available scaffolds composed of extracellular matrix137
5.6 Future considerations137
5.7 Summary140
References140
Chapter 6 Natural polymers in tissue engineering applications145
Chapter objectives145
6.1 Introduction146
6.2 Natural polymers146
6.3 Polysaccharides149
6.4 Proteins167
6.5 Polyhydroxyalkanoates178
6.6 Future developments180
6.7 Summary180
References180
Chapter 7 Degradable polymers for tissue engineering193
Chapter objectives193
7.1 Introduction and background194
7.2 Synthesis and properties of polymers195
7.3 (Bio)degradable polymers201
7.4 Mechanisms of polymer degradation and erosion204
7.5 Future perspectives217
7.6 Summary217
References217
Chapter 8 Degradation of bioceramics223
Chapter objectives223
8.1 Introduction224
8.2 Degradation mechanisms of calcium phosphate ceramics227
8.3 Degradation mechanisms of bioactive glasses234
8.4. Translation to bone tissue engineering systems241
8.5 Future developments: tailoring the resorption kinetic of bioceramics for optimal bone regenerati246
8.6 Summary249
References249
Chapter 9 Biocompatibility255
Chapter objectives255
9.1 Introduction256
9.2 The evolution of current concepts of biocompatibility256
9.3 The agents of biocompatibility257
9.4 Tissue engineering scaffolds and matrices264
9.5 General discussion of biocompatibility in tissue engineering274
9.6 Future perspectives276
9.7 Summary276
References277
Chapter 10 Cell source279
Chapter objectives279
10.1 Evidence for the presence of stem cells in adult tissues280
10.2 Hemopoietic stem cell niche(s)282
10.3 Epithelial stem cell and their niches284
10.4 Neuronal stem cell and their niches288
10.5 Mesenchymal stem cells and their niches289
10.6 Adult stem cells can cross lineage-specific boundaries295
10.7 Expansion of the stem cell compartment through cell culture296
10.8 Can we use allogeneic or xenogeneic stem cells?298
10.9 Nuclear transfer and generation of 'self' embryonic stem cells302
10.10 Conclusions and perspectives302
10.11 Summary303
References304
Chapter 11 Cell culture: harvest, selection, expansion, and differentiation307
Chapter objectives327
11.1 Introduction308
11.2 Harvest309
11.3 Selection313
11.4 Expansion315
11.5 Differentiation318
11.6 Future developments322
11.7 Summary322
References323
Chapter 12 Cell nutrition327
Chapter objectives327
12.1 Introduction328
12.2 Cell culture media329
12.3 Directing cellular behavior by culture medium composition333
12.4 Mass transport337
12.5 Nutrient gradients in tissue engineering341
12.6 Strategies to improve nutrient supply343
12.7 Future development: experimental modeling of nutritional problems in tissue engineering355
Acknowledgments359
References359
Chapter 13 Cryobiology363
Chapter objectives363
Abstract364
13.1 Introduction to fundamentals of cryobiology364
13.2 Technology based on the freezing concept369
13.3 Vitrification technology371
13.4 Safety issues in cryopreservation382
13.5 Cryopreservation: practical aspects385
13.6 Future considerations397
13.7 Summary397
References398
Chapter 14 Scaffold design and fabrication403
Chapter objectives403
14.1 Introduction404
14.2 Scaffold design405
14.3 Scaffold fabrication414
14.4 Textile technologies426
14.5 Solid free-form fabrication433
14.6 Conclusions448
References449
Chapter 15 Controlled release strategies in tissue engineering455
Chapter objectives455
15.1 Introduction456
15.2 Bioactive factors admixed with matrices462
15.3 Bioactive factors entrapped within gel matrices465
15.4 Bioactive factors entrapped within hydrophobic scaffolds or microparticles469
15.5 Bioactive factors bound to affinity sites within matrices474
15.6 Bioactive factors covalently bound to matrices475
15.7 Summary478
References479
Chapter 16 Bioreactors for tissue engineering483
Chapter objectives483
16.1 Introduction484
16.2 Key functions of bioreactors in tissue engineering484
16.3 Bioreactor design and development492
16.4 Bioreactors as 3D in vitro model systems495
16.5 Bioreactors in clinical applications501
16.6 Future perspectives for bioreactors in tissue engineering503
16.7 Summary504
References505
Chapter 17 Tissue engineering for skin transplantation507
Chapter objectives507
17.1 Introduction508
17.2 Structure of the epidermis508
17.3 Keratins510
17.4 Structure of the dermo-epidermal junction510
17.5 In vitro keratinocyte culture512
17.6 Decreasing immunogenicity within cultured keratinocytes515
17.7 Development of in vivo grafting515
17.8 Failure of keratinocyte 'take'516
17.9 Enhanced dermal grafting517
17.10 The future of tissue-engineered skin525
17.11 Summary526
References526
Chapter 18 Tissue engineering of cartilage533
Chapter objectives533
18.1 Introduction534
18.2 Composition of adult hyaline human articular cartilage535
18.3 Cartilage components536
18.4 Pathophysiology of cartilage lesion development540
18.5 Artificial induction of cartilage repair541
18.6 What type of chondrogeneic cells are ideal for cartilage engineering?545
18.7 Scaffolds in cartilage tissue engineering547
18.8 Bioreactors in cartilage tissue engineering552
18.9 Growth factors that stimulate chondrogenesis554
18.10 Future developments555
18.11 Summary555
References556
Chapter 19 Tissue engineering of bone559
Chapter objectives559
19.1 Introduction: bone560
19.2 Strategies for bone tissue engineering567
19.3 Steps in bone tissue engineering research – from idea to patient581
19.4 Current status of bone tissue engineering595
19.5 Summary599
References601
Chapter 20 Tissue engineering of the nervous system611
Chapter objectives611
20.1 Introduction612
20.2 Peripheral nerve612
20.3 CNS: spinal cord622
20.4 CNS: optic nerve injury model635
20.5 CNS: retina636
20.6 CNS: brain640
20.7 Animal models641
20.8 Future approaches642
20.9 Summary643
References644
Chapter 21 Tissue engineering of organ systems649
Chapter objectives649
21.1 Introduction650
21.2 Urogenital tissue engineering650
21.3 Liver tissue engineering661
21.4 Lung tissue engineering667
21.5 Gut tissue engineering670
21.6 Pancreas tissue engineering674
21.7 Future developments678
21.8 Summary679
References679
Chapter 22 Ethical issues in tissue engineering685
Chapter objectives685
22.1 Introduction686
22.2 Morality, ethics and values688
22.3 Moral problems relating to the source of material for tissue engineering690
22.4 Further moral considerations701
22.5 Some questions for the future702
Notes702
References703
Multiple Choice Questions705
Index727
A727
B727
C729
D731
E731
F732
G732
H733
I733
K734
L734
M734
N734
O735
P735
R737
S737
T738
U739
V739
W740
X740
Z740

Book details

Vendor Elsevier S & T
SKU 9780123708694R150
ISBN-13 9780080559193
Author De Boer, Jan; Blitterswijk, Clemens Van; Thomsen, Peter; Hubbell, Jeffrey; Cancedda, Ranieri; de Bru
Category Medical
Subject Biotechnology

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Tissue Engineering is a comprehensive introduction to the engineering and biological aspects of this critical subject. With contributions from internationally renowned authors, it provides a broad perspective on tissue engineering for students and professionals who are developing their knowledge of this important topic. Key topics covered include stem cells; morphogenesis and cellular signaling; the extracellular matrix; biocompatibility; scaffold design and fabrication; controlled release strategies; bioreactors; tissue engineering of skin, cartilage, bone and organ systems; and ethical issues.

• Covers all the essentials from tissue homeostasis and biocompatibility to cardiovascular engineering and regulations
• 22 chapters from internationally recognized authors, provide a comprehensive introduction for engineers and life scientists, including biomedical engineers, chemical and process engineers, materials scientists, biologists and medical students
• Full colour throughout, with clear development of understanding through frequent examples, experimental approaches and the latest research and developments.

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