Tracking Animal Migration with Stable Isotopes
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Table of contents
- Contentsv
- Contributorsvii
- Acknowledgmentsix
- Prefacexi
- Chapter 1: Animal Migration: A Context for Using New Techniques and Approaches1
- I. Introduction to Animal Migration1
- II. Migratory Populations, Connectivity, and Conservation5
- III. Scientific Tools Used to Study Migration7
- A. Extrinsic Markers7
- B. Transmitters, Radar, and Satellites11
- IV. Intrinsic Markers12
- A. Contaminants, Parasites, and Pathogens13
- B. Trace Elements13
- C. Stable Isotope Approaches14
- V. References15
- Chapter 2: An Introduction to Light Stable Isotopes for Use in Terrestrial Animal Migration Studies21
- I. Introduction21
- A. What Are the Light Stable Isotopes?24
- II. Materials and Methods27
- A. Sample Collection and Preparation28
- B. Cleaning, Storing, and Weighing31
- C. Intra- and Intersample Heterogeneity32
- D. Sample Weighing34
- III. Global-Spatial Isotopes34
- A. Stable-Hydrogen Isotopes34
- B. The Problem of Hydrogen Isotope Exchange35
- C. The Comparative Equilibration Approach Facilitates deltaD Analyses36
- D. The Problem of Organic Reference Materials for deltaD36
- E. Stable Oxygen Isotopes38
- IV. Local-Spatial Isotopes39
- A. Stable Carbon and Nitrogen Isotopes39
- B. Stable Sulfur Isotopes40
- C. Stable Isotopes of Trace Elements: 87Sr/86Sr40
- V. Conclusions41
- VI. Acknowledgments41
- VII. References42
- Chapter 3: Applying Isotopic Methods to Tracking Animal Movements45
- I. Introduction45
- II. Isotopic Discrimination46
- A. Nitrogen Isotopes46
- B. Carbon Isotopes47
- C. Sulfur Isotopes47
- D. Hydrogen and Oxygen Isotopes47
- III. Tissue and Isotopic Turnover: The Moving Window48
- IV. Applications of Stable Isotopes to Migratory Movement52
- A. Migratory Movement Among Isoscapes52
- B. Traveling to Breed: The Isotopic Tracing of Nutrients to Reproduction56
- C. The Deuterium Breakthrough57
- D. The Deuterium Challenge64
- V. Summary68
- VI. Acknowledgments70
- VII. References70
- Chapter 4: Isotope Landscapes for Terrestrial Migration Research79
- I. Introduction80
- II. Process80
- A. Rayleigh Distillation and Precipitation delta2H and delta18O81
- B. Hydrological Mixing, Evaporation, and Surface Water delta2H and delta18O81
- C. Plant Water and Organic H and O Isotopes82
- D. Gas Exchange, Photosynthetic Pathway, and Plant C Isotopes82
- E. Nitrogen Isotopes in Soils and Plants83
- F. Ecosystem Sr Isotopes83
- III. Pattern84
- A. Spatial Organization and Isotope Patterning84
- B. Two Classes of Isotopic Patterns87
- IV. Mapping Isoscapes88
- A. Model Selection and Calibration88
- B. Geospatial Data89
- C. Model Calculations90
- D. Optimization of Residuals91
- E. Uncertainty of Isoscape Predictions92
- V. Isoscapes for Terrestrial Migration Research93
- A. H and O Isoscapes93
- B. Vegetation C Isoscapes95
- C. Vegetation N Isoscapes95
- D. Vegetation H and O Isoscapes97
- E. Ecosystem Sr Isoscapes98
- VI. Summary and Look Forward99
- VII. Acknowledgments100
- VIII. References101
- Chapter 5: Analysis and Design for Isotope-Based Studies of Migratory Animals107
- I. Introduction107
- II. Calibration and the Assignment Problem108
- III. Characteristics of Isotope Data for Use in Studying Migratory Animals112
- IV. Statistical Assumptions for Using Isotope Data to Infer Origin113
- A. Statistical Independence113
- B. Identically Distributed (Process Homogeneity)113
- V. Population-Level Versus Individual-Level Geographic Assignments114
- VI. Modeling Approaches115
- A. Map Lookup115
- B. Regression117
- C. Assignment Methods118
- D. Probability Surfaces122
- VII. Sampling Considerations123
- VIII. Spatial Considerations123
- IX. Temporal Considerations124
- X. Relationship Between Sampling and Predictive Resolution124
- XI. Relative Population Abundance Considerations125
- XII. Conclusion125
- XIII. References126
- Chapter 6: Future Directions and Challenges for Using Stable Isotopes in Advancing Terrestrial Anima129
- I. Introduction129
- II. Theoretical Context130
- III. Challenges and Limitations131
- A. Toward Better Isotope Data131
- B. Problems of Confidence and Precision in Geospatial Assignment132
- C. Stable Isotope Measurements133
- D. Improving Isoscape Models134
- E. Linking Stable Isotopes and Other Geographic Markers135
- IV. Summary137
- V. References138
- Index141
This book provides a consolidated overview of the current knowledge of stable isotopes in terrestrial migration research questions. It offers ecologists and conservation biologists provide a practical handbook for those considering using stable isotopes in their migration research.
* Presents information for readers to understand how to apply isotopic methods for tracking
* Critical information on areas for future research
* Practical guidelines and discussions of sample collection, sample preparation, and data analysis
* Enhanced understanding of data and statistical analysis in isotope-based studies of migratory animals
* Presents information for readers to understand how to apply isotopic methods for tracking
* Critical information on areas for future research
* Practical guidelines and discussions of sample collection, sample preparation, and data analysis
* Enhanced understanding of data and statistical analysis in isotope-based studies of migratory animals